Zubov Platon Alexandrovich, ib tug nyiam ntawm Catherine 2: biography, duab, portrait

Nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj 1789 los ntawm St. Petersburg rau Tsarskoye selo ceremoniously tsiv lub imperial Procession kev. Tom ntej no mus cov carriage, adorned nrog cov muaj koob muaj npe monogram, caij nees nees nkaum zoo nraug, amazes lub qhov muag nrog rau nws tsab xov xwm thiab txoj kev tshav ntuj. Los ntawm lub qhov rais ntawm lub ntxoov ntxoo qab nws tsis tu ncua saib tus poj niam ob lub qhov muag, tau poob nws cov hluas, tab sis tau khaws cia cov yam ntxwv ntawm greatness thiab yav tas los zoo nkauj. Nyob rau hnub ntawd nyob rau hauv lub capital qab ntug twb nce lub hnub qub ntawm lub tshiab nyiam ntawm Catherine, uas nws lub npe - Platon Zubov - ua ib lub cim ntawm qhov tus kawm tiav ntawm lub reign ntawm cov loj tshaj ntawm Lavxias teb sab Empress.

Tub rog ua hauj lwm, uas pib rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv lub rooj

Xeem nyiam Catherine II, HSH tub huabtais Platon Zubov, A., yug Kaum ib hlis 26, 1767, yog lub thib peb tub ntawm lub ntsig txog lub xeev deputy Governor thiab tswj cov av ntawm suav Saltykov - Alexander Nikolayevich Zubov, uas contemporaries dubbed "tsis ncaj nobleman thoob plaws hauv lub xeev." Thaj, nws muaj yog vim li cas rau.

Nw nyuam qhuav yim xyoo, lub neej yav tom ntej tus prince yog, thiab nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm tsuas Platosha, twb enlisted raws li ib tug sergeant nyob rau hauv lub neej tiv thaiv Semenov tso kom muaj kab muaj kev. Raws li ntev raws li tus tub hluas loj hlob thiab tau kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv tsev, nws cov tub rog hauj lwm mus nce toj, thiab tom qab ib lub sij hawm nws tau muab ib zaug nce. Maltz NW nyuam qhuav muab kaum ob, nws twb pauv mus rau sergeant nyob rau hauv lub nees tiv thaiv, thiab nyob rau hauv lwm tsib xyoo, nce mus rau cornet.

Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv cov tub rog, uas yog ces nyob rau hauv Finland, Plato yog nyob rau hauv 1788, qhov chaw uas nws tsis ntev tau txais lwm boost, ua lub thib ob-ib tus tauj ncov loj. Qhov no sai advancement ntawm lub ibyam ntawm tus tub hluas piav rau patronage ntawm Count Saltykov, uas nws txiv tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug tswj, thiab hais tias yog heev txawv los ntawm Plato rau nws "kev txo hwj chim thiab kev tswm seeb."

Thaum pib ntawm ib tug fairy taleas

Tab sis qhov tiag sawv ntawm nws meteoric hauj lwm pib raws nraim ib lub caij ntuj sov hnub, uas peb pib zaj dab neeg. Tsaug rau lub patronage ntawm tib Count Saltykov, Platon Zubov, taw commander ntawm lub Nees, xa nyob rau hauv Tsarskoye selo - qhov chaw nyob ntawm lub Empress - mus nqa tawm muaj on tus neeg zov luag hauj lwm. Tus mus coincided nrog cov "resignation" ntawm lwm ntawm Catherine tus nyiam Count AM Dmitriyev-Mamonov thiab lub plawv laus, tab sis tseem hlub Empress yog free.

Raws li koj paub, lub emptiness ntawm tag nrho cov tsis tooj mus rau, thiab ib tug poj niam muaj lub siab nyob rau hauv particular, thiab hurried mus sau nws ncaj ncees Empress State Nikitichna poj niam Anna Naryshkin. Nws yog thaum lub sij hawm nws hais kom sib haum tuav rapprochement ntawm Lavxias teb sab autocrat nrog nyiam nws cov tub ntxhais Konnogvardeytsy.

Chiv, nws tau caw ib tug mus noj hmo thiab tau muab ib tug qab ntxiag sib tham, thiab ces twb mus nyob hauv lub private lag Catherine. Obviously, Plato yog tsim nyog ntawm nws paub, vim hais tias cia li peb hnub tom qab nws tau tso cai ib tug nplhaib nrog diamonds thiab 10 txhiab. Rubles nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj ntsuab, thiab tom qab lwm ob lub lis piam, nws twb nce mus rau colonel thiab adjutant.

Nws yog ib heev tau hais tias, vim hais tias ntawm lawv cov muaj hnub nyoog sib txawv (Catherine nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm twb dhau rau caum), nws xav rau nws nyiam nees nkaum-ob tug heev mixed kev xav uas mob siab rau nyob rau hauv kev hlub ib tug poj niam mus nyob nrog niam rhiab. Tab sis, yog txoj kev, thiab Plato Zubov thiab Catherine los ua ke. Nws mus ntev tswm nyob rau hauv lub palace, qhov uas nws tau tso lub heev quarters uas yav tas los nyob rau ntawm nws thawj - Suav Dmitriyev-Mamonov. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm lub tib lub xyoo, Zubov twb tau xaiv ib tug cornet ntawm lub cavalry Corps thiab nce mus rau loj general.

Laus nyiam thiab nws cov tub ntxhais successor

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg, txawm li cas los, hais tias lub siab phem tongues thov hais tias kev sib raug zoo yog tsis muaj dab tsi tab sis ib tug tshwm sim ntawm kev nom kev tswv intrigue, pib los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab ntawm Nws huam xeeb Highness tub huabtais Potemkin, Catherine tej thaj chaw deb ntawm lub alcove, tab sis tseem, cuaj kaum, nws cov phooj cov phooj ywg thiab influential dignitary. Tag nrho cov qub favorites yog nws cov tub ntxhais proteges thiab yog li ntawd tsis txhob ua rau ib tug txaus ntshai tag nrho cov-haib None. Lub tsev hais plaub, tsis txaus siab nrog nws lub hwj lub Empress, thiab xav ib tug hais overthrow, xav tau ib tug txawv tus neeg sib tw.

Potemkin, uas yog nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub Moldavian nqi zog, lub Empress sau txog nws cov tshiab nyiam li tsis ntev los no nyob rau hauv nws "tub ntxhais kawm ntawv" thiab "cov neeg tuaj tshiab". HSH tub huabtais, heev nruj me ntsis tswj nws heartfelt hlub, thaum xub thawj tsis muab zoo tseem ceeb ntawm lub tom ntej no tshiab. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau ntawm nws pov tseg, tus tub hluas yog heev ces dag thiab nqaim-minded Loafer, tsis yog ib tug kev hem thawj rau nws.

"Hniav" uas cuam tshuam nrog Potemkin

Incidentally, Potemkin sim ua kom haum nws tus kheej Zubov. Plato, nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm Catherine tub huabtais tus kheej kuv tau sau ib tsab ntawv nyob rau hauv uas qhia nws hwm thiab nws muab siab npuab Vajtswv. Chiv, nws muaj ib tug nyhuv, tab sis tsis ntev tej dignitary, tsoov txaus ntshai, tau pib kho cov Empress tiv thaiv nws tus tshiab "apprentice" los mus hais tau nws nyob rau hauv ib tsab ntawv hais tias "shoddy" thiab "tsis tseem ceeb txaus" cov neeg. Tab sis tus npaj txhij txog tshwm sim - Catherine, yeej ib txwm nruj me ntsis raws li nws lub tswv yim, qhov no lub sij hawm los ua restive, thiab flatly tsis kam kom nrog nws qab zib lub siab "newcomer."

Muaj yog ib tug funny dab neeg: nyob rau hauv ib tsab ntawv mus rau lub Empress, thaum nug txog nws lub xeev ntawm kev noj qab nyob, Potemkin sau tias nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov noj qab nyob zoo, tab sis tsis pub nws los ntawm tus hniav, uas tuaj txog nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg nws yuav ntuav. Needless hais tias qhov no pun twb qhia tiv thaiv cov tub ntxhais cov hniav uas Potemkin Catherine npaj cais. Nrhiav ntej, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias nws lub hom phiaj tau tiv thaiv los ntawm txoj kev tuag, pom lub hwj chim tag nrho nobleman rau nws txoj kev los ntawm Moldova rau St. Petersburg.

Tshiab Hniav nyob rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub ntawm lub Empress

Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm tib nyob rau hauv 1789 nyob rau ntawm lub lub tsev hais plaub muaj lwm tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov npe ntawm cov hniav - valerian, los ib tug tshiab nyiam sibling. Qhov no kaum yim xyoo tub hluas, raug sawv cev los ntawm lub Empress, tam sim ntawd yeej nws sov pab koj tu siab thiab yuav lwm "tug thwjtim." Nyob rau nws nws sau Potemkin raws li ib tug me nyuam, extraordinarily zoo nkauj thiab nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws devotees. Rau nws, Catherine nug huam xeeb cov rightful qhov chaw nyob rau hauv cov tub rog, uas nws chaired, thiab nyob rau nws tus kheej youngster bestow lub nyob qib colonel. Thaj, lub "tub ntxhais kawm ntawv" tau qhia ib tug ntau ntawm muaj peev xwm.

Fwm nthuav cov ntaub ntawv uas qhia cov bounties hais tias cov Empress da dej nyob rau cov nuj nqis ntawm lub txhab nyiaj ntawm ib qho ntawm nws lub qub favorites - Aleksandra Lanskogo. Lawv hais tias thaum lub sij hawm peb lub xyoos ntawm Tabor, nws tau txais ib tug wardrobe thiab dresses 100 txhiab. Rubles, thiab ib tug niaj hnub rooj, uas muaj raws li ntawm tsawg kawg yog nees nkaum neeg, nqi lub txhab nyiaj 300 txhiab. Rubles.

Ntaub ntawv, lub Empress muab nws 7 lab rubles, tsis suav cov heev heev khoom plig xws li cov pob zeb diamond nyees khawm ntawm nws lub tsho, ob tsev nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg thiab suav tsis tau serfs. Peb yuav hais nrog cog qoob loo uas nws tsis yog pheej yig dua tus nqi lub txhab nyiaj thiab cov hniav. Plato yog nws tseeb mob siab rau, thiab, tej zaum, nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau nws, Catherine yog tshwj xeeb yog lub siab dawb siab.

Nws excessively kaj-eyed tij laug, nws xa deb ntawm nws ob lub qhov muag, ntxias tus empress xa nws mus rau Moldova rau Potemkin, uas yog npaj txhij rau ib tug sov so qhov chaw rau nws. Nws yog li ntawd nyob ntsiag to - uas yuav paub ntev npaum li cas yog txaus chav tsev rau ob qho tib si ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv lub plawv jaded lub neej ntawm cov poj niam? Thaj, tsis muaj zem li ntawd Platon Zubov. Diam duab ib tug portrait ntawm nws tus tij laug, qhov uas nws yog xwm nyob rau hauv ib lub kaus mom nrog ib tug plume khoom kim heev, nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

Pib lub xeev cov kev ua ub

Nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj ntawm 1791 nws tuag ncaj ncees pab Empress nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov xeev xwm txheej - HSH tub huabtais Potemkin. Rau Catherine nws yog ib tug txaus ntshai tshuab, vim hais tias tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws mus rau ib tug lub luag hauj lwm rau cov uas ua ib qho tseem ceeb kev txiav txim siab. Peb xav tau ib tug txhim khu kev qha thiab ntse txiv neej, yeej ib txwm nyob ze. Yog li ntawd tus kws lij choj, nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, yuav ua Platon Zubov. Favorite raws li tsis muaj ib tug twg mus rau qhov no luag hauj lwm.

Nws Platosha (li affectionately xa mus rau nws raws li lub Empress), nws tau ua accustom rau lub xeev tej xwm txheej txawm thaum lub sij hawm Potemkin lub neej, tab sis peb tsis tau hais tias nyob rau hauv no nws muaj peev xwm kawm tau ntawv zoo. Raws li contemporaries, Platon Zubov - cov nyiam ntawm Catherine II - nrog rau tag nrho nws lub cev virtues muaj nuj nqis ib tug ntse siab, tsis muaj retentive nco. Science twb obviously tsis muab, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm mus ua ib tug hneev taw rau lwm tus neeg txawj ntse thiab kawm ntawv siab neeg. Qhov no pab tau ib tug txoj kev txawj ntse ntawm lub Fabkis lus, uas nws tau hais nrog yooj yim.

Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Potemkin Platon Zubov, uas nws biography yog tag nrho cov embodiment ntawm lub tsev hais plaub favoritism, nws sawv mus rau ib qib tshiab tseem nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm. Tam sim no, los ntawm ib tug txo hwj chim thiab muaj kev sib fwm "tub ntxhais kawm ntawv", nws tau muab rau hauv ib tug tag nrho-haib nobleman, yog tsis yog txaj muag mus qw rau cov nobles uas nag hmo cringed. Los ntawm nws cwj mem tuaj tawm nyob rau hauv cov xyoo lub feem ntau inconceivable thiab absurd pej xeem tej yaam num, xws li cov qaug dab peg ntawm Lavxias teb sab fleet ntawm Istanbul, lub conquest ntawm Vienna, thiab Berlin, raws li zoo raws li lub creation ntawm ib tug tshiab lub xeev ntawm Austrasia.

Oddly txaus, tab sis, thaum tam sim no cov neeg txawj ntse thiab txawj ntse nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem kav tuaj nyob rau hauv tus ntawm cov kwv tij cov hniav - npliag thiab unscrupulous careerists. Nws kos npe rau ib tsab cai rau qhov kev siv ntawm lawv tej yaam num thiab delusional generously nyiaj txiag lawv. Piv txwv li, nws xa valerian nrog cov tub rog nyob rau hauv lub phiaj los nqis tes, lub hom phiaj ntawm cov uas yog lub conquest ntawm Persia, ces Is Nrias teb. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias cov kwv tij ntxias kom cov Empress mus rau lub brutal tsuj ntawm lub Polish insurrection, cov tshem tawm ntawm Poland raws li ywj siab lub xeev, kev tsim txom ntawm Radishchev, Novikov thiab tsim txom Freemasons.

Thaum lub helm

Raws li nkag mus rau hauv dag zog yuam ua Platon Zubov, Catherine 2 zoo tag nrho bounties da dej thiab nws heev heev cov kwv tij sib sau ua ke nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg rau qhov zoo ibyam thiab wealth. Leej Txiv txoj kev nyiam, Alexander, los ua ib tug senator, coj bribes, thiab trading tus ntawm nws tus tub. Lawv tsis cia tsis tau nrog nws thiab lwm yam cov hniav.

By lub sij hawm no, Platon Zubov tau kiag li tau txais ib tug saj ntawm lub hwj chim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog raws li tag nrho cov nyob ib ncig ntawm nws hais tias pab. Txawm tus poj commander A. V. Suvorov zoo siab hlo muab nws yuav nws tus hlub tus ntxhais. Lwm ntawm peb cov tub rog ntse heev - M. I. Kutuzov - nyob rau memoirs ntawm contemporaries, xam tau tias yog nws ib tug yawm tus kheej ua noj Zubov kas fes, thiab cov kws sau paj lug Derzhavin mob siab rau nws laudatory Odes. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, txhua raws li nws yuav, sim ua kom haum lub darling ntawm hmoov zoo. Nto moo portrait pleev xim rau los ntawm Ivan Platon Zubov Egginka muab cia rau hauv lub Hermitage, uas yog xa thaum pib ntawm no tsab xov xwm, depicts nws nyob rau hauv uas zoo siab lub sij hawm.

End of taleas

Qhov kawg ntawm xws li ib tug ci ntsa iab hauj lwm tuaj Kaum Ib Hlis Ntuj 17, 1796, thaum lub caij ntuj no Palace mam li nco dheev tuag ntawm nws patron - Empress Catherine II. Ntawm cov neeg uas nyuaj siab lub siab dawb paug tias kev tuag yog feem ntau Platon Zubov - cov nyiam ntawm Catherine 2, biography uas los ntawm hais tias hnub pib tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv kiag li cov kev taw qhia.

Txawm tias tag nrho cov kev txhawj xeeb, uas nce mus rau lub zwm txwv ntawm huab tais Paul kuv tsis thab nws niam nyiam, thiab tsuas xa nws nyob rau hauv lub pretext ntawm tus ciam teb. Tsis ntev, txawm li cas los, nws hnov cov xov xwm hais tias nws pib mus nyiag zais txawv teb chaws nws multimillion xeev tshaj rau ua appreciable kev puas tsuaj rau lub Lavxias teb sab nyiaj txiag system. Nyob rau hauv cov hnub tej yam uas nws tsis tau nqis los, thiab enraged huab tais kom cov qaug dab peg ntawm tag nrho nws cov khoom ntiag tug.

Complicity nyob rau hauv tua neeg

Nyob txawv teb chaws tsis muaj nyiaj txaus kom them nws cov exorbitant nqi, Zubov twb yuam kom rov qab mus tsev, qhov chaw uas nws tam sim ntawd los ua ib tug ntawm cov conspirators uas npaj cov overthrow ntawm Paul I. Cov huab tais tuag rau hauv lub hmo ntuj Lub peb hlis ntuj 11, 1801 nrog cov neeg uas nkag mus rau hauv Mikhailovsky Palace nws yog thiab cov hniav. Plato, raws li cov memoirs ntawm Count Bennigsen tog cov txheej xwm, thawj tsoo rau hauv tus Emperor lub chav pw, thiab tom qab nws khiav nws cov nus muag - valerian thiab Nicholas. Tej zaum tsis yog nws txhais tes ntaus ib tug hauv ntiaj teb no tshuab monarch, tab sis cov ntshav ntawm Vajtswv tau xaiv tseg thiab cov lus dag nyob rau hauv nws.

Thaum lub reign ntawm Alexander kuv Zubov muaj siab kev cia siab li tus muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm nws cov thawj ntawm. Nws pom zoo kawg zeal nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem nais tau sau tseg lub xeev reorganization (meaningless, raws li nyob rau hauv lub xyoo dhau los), thiab txawm los ua ib tug ntawm cov sau phau ntawv ntawm lub seem tsis lees yuav ib tug kev cai lij choj nyob rau hauv lub abolition ntawm serfdom. Los ntawm qhov nws yog ib tug raug opportunist, branding thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Catherine lub kiv puag ncig, thiab nyob rau hauv lub reign ntawm nws tus tub xeeb ntxwv Alexander sawv rau cov kevcai tswj.

Tiam sis tag nrho nws cov me nyuam no twb fruitless. Raws li koj paub, nyob rau hauv Alexander kuv, tsis muaj leej twg ntawm cov qub conspirators twb tsis cim los ntawm high tsoom fwv txaus qhia. Ntxiv mus, lub sab hauv kev txom nyem lub siab rov nkaug, huab tais sim tau tshem ntawm cov neeg uas nco txog nws ntawm lub tragic kev tuag ntawm nws tus txiv. Cov lawv yog thiab cov hniav. Platon Alexandrovich, succumbing rau qhov kev tshwm sim, sab laug lub capital thiab tswm nyob rau hauv Lithuania, qhov twg hauv lub sij hawm ntawm nws ci ntsa iab hauj lwm, tau txais ib qho khoom plig los ntawm Catherine II sumptuous khoom ntiag tug.

Cov tsab ntawm "miserly Knight"

Nyob rau hauv lub xeem lub sij hawm ntawm nws lub neej, Plato Zubov - cov nyiam ntawm Catherine II, thiab Croesus - nto moo li ib qho zoo kawg miser, cov yam koj nyiam uas nws yog yooj yim mus nrhiav tau. Cia nyob rau hauv lub qab daus ntawm nws tsev fuabtais chests uas muaj cov kub (raws li feem ntau conservative kev kwv yees, cov xwm txheej sib npaug zos rau nees nkaum lab rubles), nws txaj muag robbed lub peasants ntawm lawv tus kheej, vim li cas cov neeg yog cov feem ntau impoverished nyob rau hauv lub koog tsev kawm ntawv. Painfully enduring txawm lub feem ntau me nuj nqis, nws tsis yig mus rau cov laus thiab ragged khaub ncaws, sparing nyiaj mus yuav ib lub tshiab.

Nws tsuas muaj kev xyiv fab twb mus down mus rau lub qab daus, mus contemplate muab cia rau hauv plua plav chests wealth. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias tus tsab rau kev sau ntawv A. S. Pushkinym nws nto moo "Lub miserly Knight" yog cia li ntawm cov hniav. Plato, ntau lub xyoo ntau thiab ntau tsis tau lawv tib neeg daim ntawv, tsuas yog ib zaug, raws li yog hais waking los ntawm ib tug npau suav, lub yav tas pom ib tug txaus siab nyob rau hauv lub neej.

Qhov kawg xyoo ntawm lub neej ntawm cov qub nyiam

Lus dab neeg muaj nws hais tias ua ntej nws tuag, nws tshwm sim rau saib nyob rau tim fair hluas nkauj zoo kawg zoo nkauj - ntxhais ntawm ib tug hauv zos tswv av. By lub sij hawm nws yog ib tug txiv ntsuam, thiab xav mus yuav ib tug ntxhais zoo nkauj. Thaum tau txais daim ntawv ntawm nws categorical tsis kam, cov laus neeg ruam tau coj tawm ntawm nws lub qab daus hauv siab hais tias cia ib tug lab kub rubles, thiab tsuas yuav cov intractable ntxhais nws tus txiv.

Nws twb ua nws lub neej Platon Zubov nyob rau hauv 1822 nyob rau hauv Kurland. Tom qab nws tuag, tus zoo nkauj poj ntsuam nqa qhov seem rau St. Petersburg, qhov uas lawv tau tso mus so nyob rau hauv lub koob yawm txwv lub qhov ntxa, nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov pawg ntseeg ntawm lub Trinity-Sergius suab puam nyob rau hauv Strelna. Lawv zaum kawg so qhov chaw, nws pom tom ntej no mus rau lub heev txoj kev uas peb caug-peb xyoos dhau los, ib tug ci ntsa iab Procession kev tsiv, thiab nws, ib tug zoo nraug nees nkaum xyoo, caij nees nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub qhov muag ntawm ib tug laus empress ...