Yug tshis mis nyuj: hauj lwm, cov duab. yug me nyuam rau tshis

Tshis - unpretentious, huv si, heev yooj yim thiab zoo rau ib tug neeg hauv tsev neeg tus tsiaj. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, nws yuav tsum tau lub tej yam kev mob ntawm txim, kev saib xyuas thiab saib xyuas, txawm qhov kev kawm ntawm ib co whims, rau cov uas nws yuav tau them ib puas lub sij hawm nrog tus tswv tsev. Kho mis nyuj, cua nqaij - tias yog dab tsi lub mis nyuj tshis. Ua taus zes rau lawv - nws yog painstaking, tab sis tej yam yooj yim, sai sai them rau nws tus kheej. pub cov nqi, ib tug ntaus Tub Ntsuag yog npaum li cas me dua ib tug nyuj. Lawv yog cov yooj yim mus tu, ib tug ntau ntawm lub sij hawm yog yuav tsum tau. Soj ntsuam cov cwj pwm ntawm cov tshis interesting. Cov menyuam yaus nyiam ua si nrog cov tshis cov me nyuam - nws yog ib tug tiag tiag circus tsev.

Tshis pub thiab kho

Tshis cov kua mis - noj haus thiab dietetic, analogue ntawm tib neeg ob lub mis. Nws muab piv nrog bovine ntau protein, calcium thiab phosphorus - "tsev cov ntaub ntawv uas" cev pob txha thiab cov hniav, nws yog fatter thiab feem ntau cov tseem ceeb - haum cev. Yog li ntawd, yog tsis muaj zoo dua cov khoom tshaj tshis mis nyuj, raj mis-rau-cov me nyuam, rau cov neeg tsis haum rau nyuj perceiving. Nyob rau hauv lub qub hnub, thaum muaj tsis muaj hmoov sib tov uas recourse yog tam sim no pub cov me nyuam mos, cov me nyuam mos noj nrog tshis mis nyuj. Tsis tas li ntawd approvingly piav nws laus, muaj teeb meem nrog digesting zaub mov. Animaloterapiya (kho nrog kev pab los ntawm cov tsiaj) pom zoo kom pib ib tug tshis txom nyem los ntawm tawg, Graves los yog cholelithiasis. Mis thiab sib tham nrog cov tsiaj muaj peev xwm kho tau cov ills.

Rau ib qho piv txwv ntawm lub usefulness ntawm cov tshis mus deb yog tsis tsim nyog. Nco qab Robinson. Nrog cov tshis nws twb noj txaus, hnav thiab shod, sib txuas lus nrog rau lawv brightened ntau xyoo ntawm kev nyob ib leeg nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv teb chaws av. Tshis mis nyuj yog feeb hu ua "cov neeg pluag nyuj". Tab sis nyob rau hauv tsis ntev los no xyoo, tshis lub mis nyuj yog muaj nuj nqis ntau nyuj, ntxiv mus, nws yuav tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag.

ntau pab pawg neeg

Tshis - ib tug ntawm cov thawj tsiaj nrog ntau xyoo ntawm cov kev pab rau cov txiv neej - 9000 xyoo. Raws li ib tug tsim cov kev taw qhia, lawv muab faib ua 5 pab pawg: Sherstnev, feather, nqaij, mis nyuj thiab mixed (wool, plaub, cov nqaij thiab cov mis nyuj). Nyob rau txhua sab av loj, muaj cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov pawg neeg melkorogatogo txawv cov hom phiaj. Nyob rau hauv Southeast Asia, mas tsa tshis rau nqaij, frolic cia nyob rau hauv lub Altai Toj siab. Nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, mas bred tsiaj tshis mis nyuj. Lawv muaj tsis tsuas yog tus pej xeem ntawm lub mis nyuj thiab rau qhov siv thiab ua cov khoom los ntawm nws. Muaj ib tug ntau ntawm tshis yug me nyuam rau teb uas muab cov ntaub ntawv raw mus rau lub lag luam ua noj ua lag ua luam, cov Enterprise. Rau lwm tshwj xeeb yog cov yug me nyuam tshis rau cov muag khoom. ntxiv chaw ua taus zes thwmsim los txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov mis nyuj thiab cov kevcai tswj ntawm cov tsiaj yuav tsim tshiab hom.

Xav txog cov tsiaj uas siv mis nyuj tshis - lub feem ntau tsim thiab zoo nruj heev heev rau tus mob khaub thuas winters tshaj African Nubian tshis. Nws - Saanen, toggenburgskie, alpine (Swiss, Fabkis, British) thiab Gorky Megrelian khoom noj siv mis tshis. Photography txhua tus neeg sawv cev ntawm hloov lwm lub tsev yam ntxwv nrog sab nrauv efficiency yam ntxwv.

Saanen tshis

Common thiab feem ntau zoo heev ntawm mis breeds - Saanen. Lub birthplace ntawm lawv - Zaanental hav nyob rau hauv Switzerland. Ua taus zes-yug nyob rau hauv lub mountainous alpine meadows nrog zoo kev nyab xeeb ntawd kub ntev li ob peb centuries. Thawj tshaaj nyob rau hauv Paris nyob rau hauv 1856 nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm Saanen tshis dawb hornless. Maj mam, tus yug tau kis mus rau cov teb chaws Europe, qhov twg exported los txhim kho cov mis nyuj ntawm lub zos tshis.

Lub ntiaj teb no yog lub biggest tshis: chaw ua taus zes uterine qhov siab ntawm withers 75-80 cm (tej zaum 85), muaj ib tug nyob ceeb thawj ntawm 60 kg (90 kg ntawm ib co tib neeg); tshis-proizoditeli qhov siab nyob withers 82-86 cm luj 70 kg (ib co 100 kg). Cov me nyuam mos tshis ib tug nruab nrab ntawm 3 kg, tshis - ntau tshaj 4 kg. Thaum 2 lub hlis ntawm lawv cov luj mus txog rau 10 kg nyob rau hauv tshis thiab 12 kg nyob rau hauv tshis. Yearling tshis ntawm 30 kg, tshis 35-40.

Sab nrauv Zaanen tshis

Tsos - ib tug qauv ntawm mis nyuj tshis. Cov kevcai tswj hnyav los yog ilv tuab lub cev pob txha (pob txha) nrog muaj zog mob pesnrab tsim cov leeg. Tawv yog ib tug check thiab nyias nyias, them nrog plaub-awn undercoat. Lub taub hau qhuav nruab nrab, hornless, pob ntseg "horn" qhia rau pem hauv ntej thiab me ntsis mus rau sab. Lub caj dab yog ntev tiaj tej zaum "tsej." Npog tas ib ce sib sib zog nqus, ntev, dav txaus. Lub ob txhais ceg muaj zog, kom muab tso rau. Hooves teeb daj. Xim dawb. Thaum pob ntseg daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub lub mis nyuj tej zaum dub pigmentation nyob rau hauv thaj ua rau thaj. Ib tug zoo mov ntawm sharo- los yog txiv moj coos zoo li tus lub mis nyuj nrog zoo tsim txiv mis.

Lactation mus txog 330 hnub hauv ib lub xyoo. Barren tshis yog milked tsis tu ncua rau ob peb xyoo. Tawm los ntawm 600 los yog ntau tshaj litres ib lactation mis nyuj muaj roj cov ntsiab lus tsawg kawg yog 4%. Cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub 3507 l twb tsis tau tau swb lawm. Mis tshis yuav tsum tau khaws cia kom deb ntawm cov tshis uas cov chaw tsim tshuaj paus, txwv tsis pub cov mis nyuj yuav tsis kaj siab saj thiab tsw.

Saanen tshis yog cov fertile, precocity thiab muaj lub zog. Nyob rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm ib tug ze ze bred txheej noob sijhawm kis siab.

Toggenburg tshis los ntawm

Nyob rau hauv lub 18th xyoo pua los ntawm cov Swiss lub teb chaws xaiv tsim toggenburgskaya yug tshis. Rau 3 sib law liag tiam raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig-yug me nyuam ntawm no ib yam tsiaj nrog rau hauv zos breeds nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws Czech bred xim av, noble toggenburgskaya British togennburgskaya tshis. Cov Lavxias teb sab tsev togennburgskie tshis thawj tuaj txog thaum pib ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo.

Sab nrauv pob zeb sawv ib xim av ce tab sis tseem muaj dawb vog tsiaj. Toggenburgskie tshis coj los tshwm tej yam tshwm sim - dawb tias: 2 ib daim hlab teem nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus rau lub muzzle, pob ntseg fringe raws cov npoo ntawm cov qis ib feem ntawm tus Tsov tus tw thiab ob txhais ceg ntawm lub ko taw mus rau lub hock heev dawb. Cov kevcai tswj muaj zog thiab qhuav, harmonious tas li ntawd ntawm lub pob tw mus rau qhov siab ntawm cov withers 0.6 m. Qhov ntev lub taub hau rau ib tug ntev caj dab. Ncaj me ntsis tiaj profile. Toggenburgskie hornless tshis, tshis nrog horns, tab sis muaj hornless. Direct tig convex ribs. Nqua muaj zog ntawm ntsis ntev, teem kom zoo, hooves muaj zog ruaj khov. Ib tug sacrum, ib tug loj lub mis nyuj. Lub tsho tiv no yog ntaug, rov qab thiab ncej puab loj hlob tuaj mus rau 20 cm. Nyhav 70 kg manufacturers muaj niam vaj ntxwv mus txog 55 kg.

Toggenburgskaya muaj menyuam coob coob ib yam tsiaj ntawm cov tshis (nyob rau hauv lub litter ntawm cov me nyuam feem ntau 2-3), nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus acclimate mus rau lub caij ntuj no thiab lub roob tej yam kev mob, nyiam lub coolness thiab ntxoov ntxoo nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov, tab sis xav tau los pub rations, nyob rau hauv uas nyob hauv lub saj ntawm cov mis nyuj.

Lactation mus txog rau 300 hnub hauv ib lub xyoo. Milking cov thawj Kozlenev 500 l, tom mis nyuj tawm los lambing loj hlob mus rau 1000 liters nyob rau hauv volume tsis txo lub caij ntuj no. Rog mis nyuj 3-4%. Cheese ntawm zoo heev saj.

Alpine tshis tsiaj

Ua taus zes tsiaj ntawm no ib yam tsiaj pib nyob rau hauv lub mountainous cheeb tsam ntawm Switzerland los ntawm lub teb chaws breeding-. Ces tus xaiv tau txuas ntxiv mus nyob rau hauv Fabkis thiab hais. Exported rau lub Swiss Alpine tshis thiab interbred nrog qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub zos pob zeb.

General "alpine" nta

Tsiaj loj loj: cov muaj hnub nyoog 4 xyoo, ib tug tshis nyob rau withers siab 76 cm hnyav 61 kg, tshis - 81 cm thiab 77 kg. Lub caj dab yog ntev, qhuav lub taub hau nrog tebchaws pob ntseg, ncaj profile. Muaj hornless thiab horned. Mis productivity thiab fertility yog siab - los ntawm 1200 mus 1600 litres ntawm cov mis nyuj rau ib xyoo uas muaj zoo noj thiab dej siab tej yam kev mob, ob peb tshis nyob rau hauv ib tug lambing. Qab mis nyuj, roj (5.5%) thiab cov as (3% protein).

Alpine tshis yog cov unpretentious rau cov khoom noj, adapting rau tus tshiab climatic tej yam kev mob sai sai, nyob rau hauv ib pab yuav tau cov thawj coj (koj yuav tsum ua kom paub tseeb tias tsis thuam lwm leej lwm tus los ntawm thas), kev totaub, kev mus rau tus tswv kheev, tus phooj ywg. Alpine mis breeds yog indispensable nyob rau hauv ib tug mountainous cheeb tsam - lawv yog cov txawj heev thiab nimble, qhov tiag "climbers" thiab yuav ua lawv tus kheej cov khoom noj muaj, qhov twg koj tsis nce mus txog tus nyuj, thiab rau yav tsaus ntuj yuav coj mis nyuj rau tus tswv tsev. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, cov mis nyuj tawm los yuav me, tab sis yog dab tsi yog ib qhov zoo, wrought los ntawm medicinal nroj tsuag. Cov tshis yog tsim rau stabling.

distinctiveness xim

Lub Swiss yog koom nyob rau hauv cultivation ntawm tus alpine tshis dag tias txhua txhua lub sij hawm lawv tau txais Kozlenev "yeeb yuj khoom plig" - cov neeg yug los kob tshis. Classic xim yog "dawb caj dab" - lub taub hau thiab lub cev mus rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub dawb, thiab tus so - grey los yog dub, los yog "liab caj dab" - xim av lub taub hau, caj dab, xub pwg nyom thiab rau sab nraum qab ntawm cov dub xim. Muaj variegated (dawb me ntsis rau ib tug dub keeb kwm yav dhau thiab vice versa), xim av nrog dub me ntsis, xim av nrog ib tug dub stripe raws caj thiab dub ob txhais ceg. Muaj txawm tshis - pib ntawm lub taub hau mus rau nruab nrab ntawm lub pob tw dub, thiab ces mus rau tus Tsov tus tw belye.Chisto dawb lub tsho tiv no thiab xim av Alpine tsiaj tshis yog tsis suav tias yog - qhov no yog xim cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov Zaanen thiab toggenburgskoy pob zeb.

Alpine hom tsiaj

Fabkis Alpine tshis mis nyuj, ib tug yees duab ntawm cov uas tus nyeem ntawv tus neeg sawv cev, tso tawm nyob rau hauv qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm lub Fabkis Alps los ntawm cov saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm lub zos breeds hla nrog tus Swiss purebred tshis. Muab rau cov tej yam kev mob ntawm lub roob. Nplua txawv - dawb, pom, nyob rau hauv cov xim ntawm chamois. Muaj tshuab raj thiab yog tsis muaj lawv. Qhov nruab nrab productivity ntawm mus txog 900 litres ntawm cov calving rau calving. Nyob rau hauv Fabkis, ib txhia teb kom cov tsiaj nyeg hauv 1000 tshis. Qe ua hauj lwm yog nqa tawm los txhim kho cov mis nyuj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab ntsuam rau tshuab milking cov tsiaj.

British Alpine yug menyuam, feem ntau hu ua dub toggenburgskoy, sau npe thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem nyob rau hauv ces. Ntshiab dub xim nrog dawb "Swiss nyiaj muas" - sawb nyob rau lub ntsej muag, bezel pob ntseg, "vuam txwv ntev" rau lawv ko taw, "podboyka" rau hauv qab ntawm tus Tsov tus tw. Tshis siab thiab slim, ib qho yooj yim-ntev lub taub hau nyob rau hauv ib tug graceful caj dab, txhim tsa pob ntseg me ntsis taw rau pem hauv ntej. Txhua hnub mis nyuj tawm los mus txog 4.5 liters.

Mis tshis breeds nyob rau hauv Russia

Gorky yog ib tug tsim nyog sawv cev ntawm tus tshis. Cov zaj dab neeg ntawm lub pob zeb yog tsis paub. Tiam sis peb paub hais tias nws cov pog koob yawg koob twb Lavxias teb sab khoom noj siv mis tshis thiab dawb-zaanenki neeg txawv teb chaws, mas thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem nyob rau hauv lub Nizhny Novgorod cheeb tsam, hu ua nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, Gorky, vim li cas, thiab muab lub npe ntawm tus yug. Tam sim no, cov tshis muab cov pej xeem thiab kev khwv nyiaj txiag ntawm cov neeg pluag teb ntawm lub Nizhny Novgorod cheeb tsam. Cov domestic Lavxias teb sab tsiaj yog suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab lub dag zog ntawm cov neeg breeders tseem evolve nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov mis nyuj ntau lawm.

Sab nrauv Gorkovskaya tshis zaanenskoj zoo xws li cov, tab sis me ntsis me me tsiaj loj thiab nyhav: 50 kg tshis, tshis loj heev - 60 los yog ntau tshaj kg ntawm nyob ceeb thawj. Yus dawb xim nrog plaub hau luv luv thiab underfur - 10% fluff. Nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub cev plaub hau ntawm txawv ceev thiab ntev. Fertility yog zoo: tus tshis yog feem ntau theem 2 kas, tiam sis muaj ntau tus neeg mob Kozlenev 4-5 cov me nyuam.

Lactation mus txog 10 lub hlis ntawm ib lub xyoo, nrog ib tug nruab nrab nadaivanii thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no ntawm 500 liters. Nrog zoo saib xyuas cov mis nyuj ntau lawm mus txog 1000 liters thiab tshaj. Tom qab rau lub hlis Kozlenev DSA mis nyuj loo yog khaws cia rau hauv ib lub ntim, thiab ces txo markedly.

Los ntawm cov tshis yog cov fluff - 250 g rau iCal, yav tom ntej tshis, siv rau high-zoo shevrovoy daim tawv nqaij.

Nrov hnub no purebred khoom noj siv mis tshis, tus nqi ntawm uas, heev frankly, zoo heev (purebred tshis txhua hli nqi tshaj 30 txhiab. Rubles), tsis yog txhua txhua muaj. Beginners yuav muab tswv yim: yuav ib tug pheej yig Gorky tshis, nruj heev heev rau tus mob khaub thuas, unpretentious mus rau lub pub, fertility thiab zoo productivity thiab ib tug qab tag nrho cov mis nyuj.

Mingrelian tshis

Nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob Georgia, Samegrelo, ib yam tsiaj uas noj siv mis tshis breeds Mingrelian lowland thiab roob hom. Nyob rau tiaj teb cov neeg nyob koom khaws cia nyob rau hauv ib tug hlua khi thiab cov tsiaj nyob rau hauv lub chaw ntawm cov thawj hom. Lawv pub lawv tua tau cog khoom noj khoom haus, pov tseg los ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub. Tshis lowland me me, lub nruab nrab ceeb thawj ntawm ewes ntawm lub xub pwg siab ntawm 60 cm ntawm 33-37 kg, tshis loj thiab hnyav - nyob rau hauv 50 kg. Rau 200 hnub nyob rau hauv cov mis nyuj los ntawm tshis nadaivayut ib tug nruab nrab ntawm 300 tawm litres ntawm cov mis nyuj, nyob muab cov ntaub ntawv yas dhos 750. Fertility me me: tsuas 20 tawm ntawm 100 ewes coj tshis 2, lub tshuav ib tug.

Roob tshis loj tshaj lawv cov counterparts nrog ib tug muaj zog Constitution thiab ntxhib cev pob txha, ntau loj heev. Nyhav tshis los mus 50 kg 70 kg tshis. Nog nyom nyob rau hauv high pastures los ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav rau lig Autumn, nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no lawv nqis los ntawm cov peaks nyob rau lub roob nram hav, qhov uas lawv yuav grazing. Lub productivity ntawm ib tug nruab nrab ntawm los ntawm 200 mus rau 250 litres ib rau lub hlis lactation. Fertility yog me me - 110 cov me nyuam los ntawm 100 ewes.

Xim Mingrelian tshis, dawb, liab thiab grey. Plaub hau luv luv nchav. Tag nrho cov tsiaj nrog zoo tsim nkhaus tshuab raj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tsab ntawv S nyob ob peb elongated lub taub hau, nrog medium-ntev beards.

Mingrelian tshis yog cov resistant rau tus kab mob. Lub resettlement ntawm cov tshis nyob rau hauv lwm qhov chaw yuav txhim kho endurance thiab tsim tau ntawm lub zos breeds ntawm cov tshis.

yug me nyuam rau tshis

Adult purebred tshis rau yug me nyuam rau yog ib qho nyuaj mus nrhiav thiab them rau lawv yuav tau kim heev. Koj muaj peev xwm mus rau lwm txoj kev - nrug nrug deb ntawm cov tshis thiab tshis purebred cov niam txiv uas sib txawv teb, nqa tawm lub feem ntau tseem ceeb txoj cai - ib tug txiav npluav on inbreeding. Nws yog tov tig los rau tus breeders yuav nteg qe tshis. Tsis txhob hnov qab qhov zoo qub cai: kim tab sis zoo thiab pheej yig lub sij hawm - koj paub, "kom pom tseeb" tej zaum yuav tsis tau.

Tshawb xyuas cov tshis thiab tus tshis-tsim-niam - thoroughbred tej yam tshwm sim lawv yuav tsum qhia tau meej heev. Muag khoom lo lus hais txog lub siab productivity ntawm lub tsev me nyuam mus xyuas cov kev xyaum - txawm mus rau cov mis nyuj ib tug tshis nyob rau hauv koj lub xub ntiag. Sim cov mis nyuj saj thiab tsis hnov tsw.

Ntawm unfit tshis lambing, nyob rau muaj ntau tshaj ob tug. Tshwj xeeb mloog mus rau yav tom ntej ntawm lub chaw tsim tshuaj paus. Tshis rau yug me nyuam rau yuav tsum tau polled. Xyuas txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub tsev me nyuam cov kabmob ntawm cov tshis.

Nug ntawm cov neeg muag khoom yuav ua li cas lub pub mis. Tseem ceeb: ua ntej ob lub hlis ntawm hnub nyoog cov me nyuam leej niam cov kua mis yuav tsum tau lawv lub ntsiab khoom noj. Tej kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob yog txiav txim los ntawm qhov hnyav, qab los noj mov, tsos ntawm cov plaub hau tsho tiv no thiab playfulness khoom ntawm kev muag khoom.

Thiab tshis profits rau ib tug mus tas qhov chaw ntawm txim. Tus so (zoo yug me nyuam) nyob rau zoo noj thiab saib xyuas kev tu tsiaj.