Yuav ua li cas yog lub ntsiab nta ntawm cov haiv neeg? General Sociology

Siv lo lus "haiv neeg" qhov txhia chaw, tab sis articulate lub essence ntawm cov tswvyim no yuav tsis txhua leej txhua tus. Lub ntsiab txhais ntawm no phenomenon thiab qhia nws cov tswv yim muab Sociology thiab social science. Tseeb science nyob rau hauv no qhov teeb meem yog lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hnyav vim hais tias nws yog haiv neeg uas yog cov kev kawm ntawm nws txoj kev kawm. Tsis zoo li tag nrho cov lwm yam sciences, nws yog advisable xav tias tag nrho tau sib nrauj ntawm haiv neeg. Lwm tus Science paim tsuas yog ib qho kev phiv.

Txawm li cas los, peb yuav kub siab rau qhov kev nthuav qhia, uas muab rau peb lub Sociology, raws li nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm peb yuav tau xav txog cov nqe lus nug: "Yuav ua li cas yog lub ntsiab nta ntawm cov haiv neeg?" - raws li zoo li ib co lwm yam kev sib nrauj. Lawv yuav pab kom peb ntau consciously khiav lag luam no notion thiab nyob rau hauv kev yuav pab tau los txhim kho kev txawj ntse nyob rau hauv daim teb no.

Ib tug saib ntawm lub tswvyim ntawm cov haiv neeg

Ntawm no yog ib co ntaub ntawv los ntawm Sociology, reflecting essence ntawm cov haiv neeg. Yog li ntawd, qhov no science considers lub tswvyim nrog ob lub ntsiab sab, ntsig txog, sawv cev rau cov miv qhov tseem ceeb. Wb tham txog txhua nyias, thaum lub sij hawm kov rau yus nta ntawm haiv neeg.

Keeb kwm, lub economic nam

Tus thawj sab ntawm txoj kev tshawb no yog los xyuas cov haiv neeg nyob rau hauv view ntawm lub keeb kwm, economic, geographic thiab kev nom kev tswv yam. Nyob rau hauv raws li qhov no nam ntawm haiv neeg qhia raws li ib tug qauv ntau tshaj li ib pab pawg neeg ntawm cov neeg los yog lub zej lub zos.

Feem ntau cov feem ntau nyob rau hauv no cov hlab ntsha yog faib heev hom raws li txheej thaum ub, qhev, feudal, thiab lwm tus neeg. Lawv tsiag ntawv los ntawm ntau kev cai qhov tseem ceeb, cov theem ntawm technology txoj kev loj hlob, kev ncaj ncees qhov tseem ceeb.

Thaum xav txog qhov no, lub keeb kwm, economic, yam tseem ceeb lub neej, tsim nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm ib tug lub teb chaws los yog sab av loj. Qhov no Lavxias teb sab, thiab American, thiab cov Western ntiaj teb no nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, thiab sab hnub tuaj.

Raws li cov lus muaj tseeb, peb qhia lub ntsiab thaiv txhais: cov haiv neeg - ib tug system txwv nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm thiab ib ncig. Tej era nrog nws qhov tseem ceeb thiab lub theem ntawm technology yog xws li ib tug lub tuam txhab.

Ntsiab nta

Tus paub txog E. Shils muab peb ib tug xov tooj ntawm thaj av uas tus spin-off tuam txhab uas muag raws li nyob rau hauv lawv daim ntawv no yam yog:

- ua tau hauj lwm raws li ib tus qauv (tuam txhab yog tsis muaj nyob rau hauv tej yam loj system);

- muaj nws tus kheej kom meej meej tseg chaw uas zoo heev;

- muaj lub npe, lub keeb kwm ntawm tsim thiab kev loj hlob;

- kawm tiav thiab expansion ntawm lub tuam txhab yog vim tib neeg kev pab, uas yog nws tus kheej neeg (nrog rau ib tug ob peb yam xwb);

- raws li ib tug kos npe rau ntawm, complementary mus rau lub yav dhau los ib tug - tau sib yuav cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub koom haum;

- muaj ib tug hauj lwm site tswj system;

- yus muaj los ntawm ntau rau neeg sawv cev ntawm lub system ntawm qhov tseem ceeb, kev cai, kev cai uas tsim ib tug kab lis kev cai;

- lub sij hawm hav zoov ntawm cov haiv neeg tas ntau dua cov lifespan ntawm ib tug neeg sawv cev.

Nta ntawm cov haiv neeg, raws li cov ntaub ntawv pov Lavxias teb sab sociologists yog raws li nram no:

• cheeb tsam - nws plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub ntsiab khoom hauv paus rau lub hav zoov thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev sib raug zoo kev sib raug zoo;
• autonomy - self-sufficiency, uas ua ib ke tsis economic thiab lwm yam kev sib raug zoo nrog rau lwm cov societies;
• integrative - lub union ntawm tag nrho cov neeg nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm lub neej kev, tswj thiab tu tub tu kiv ntawm tiam neeg;
• ntau yam - tag nrho cov-encompassing xwm ntawm cov qauv (kev koom tes tib neeg).

Cia peb tam sim no npaj mus rau lub tom ntej no conception ntawm haiv neeg sawv cev nyob rau hauv sociological kev tshawb fawb.

Sociological thiab philosophical nam

Yog li ntawd, peb twb paub tias dab tsi yog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm lub tuam txhab nyob rau hauv raws li cov nyiaj txiag-thaj nam ntawm txoj kev tshawb. Nws yog lub sij hawm mus xav txog qhov thib ob nam ntawm txoj kev tshawb ntawm no lub npe nyob rau hauv Sociology.

Qhov thib ob lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov haiv neeg yog ib tug txhob txwm sociological thiab philosophical, thaum pom tau hais tias raws li ib tug tag nrho. Nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm no Sociology yog raws li nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm cov tswv yim pom thiab thwmsim rau me lug - me me zej zog (tsev neeg, tsab xeem lis, haiv neeg). Tsim kom muaj ib tug hierarchy ntawm lug ntawm me me rau loj. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, peb muab tau cov kev haumxeeb kev sib sau ntawm cov zej zog.

Xav ntau yam tsev ntawm haiv neeg uas no, lub tswv yim taw tes ntawm view, Sociology seb puas tsimnyog tau cov teeb meem ntawm lub ntug - lub keeb kwm ntawm haiv neeg, lub hom phiaj ntawm nws lub neej. Txhua haiv neeg nws muaj nws tus kheej xws keeb kwm. Yog li, lub American kev tshawb xav ntawm "kick pib" ua rau ib co ntawm cov founding poj koob yawm txwv. Reflections rau hauv kev kawm ntawm sociologists ntawm lub Soviet Union tig ib ncig ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj kiv puag ncig ntawm 1917

Cia peb saib lub ntsab lug luv luv li cas twb hais tias nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm lub sociological yam ntawm hais tias tib - qhov loj tshaj plaws kev pab pawg neeg, encompassing tag nrho cov so, uas ua rau lawv ib feem ntawm nws. Peb mus txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv xav txog cov nqe lus nug ntawm yog dab tsi lub ntsiab nta ntawm cov haiv neeg.

Tej yam tshwm sim ntawm lub neej nyob rau hauv ib tug sociological ntsiab lus teb

Soj ntsuam sociological teeb meem R. Koenig assigns nram qab no cwj pwm kom cov haiv neeg:

• ib txoj kev ntawm lub neej ntawm cov neeg;
• economic thiab ideological lub koom haum tsim nyob rau kev npaj;
• lub xub ntiag ntawm kev cohesion (ntau haiv neeg);
• lub sam xeeb ntawm kev cohesion, uas yog, me lug;
• lub keeb kwm tom qab ntawm cov tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm no particular, ua vaj tse, haiv neeg;
• kev muaj tiag - cov txheej txheem nyob rau hauv uas kev sib raug zoo yog khi cov neeg.

Ib txhia yooj yim zog

Ua ntej no, peb tau saib ntawm ob yam ntawm txoj kev tshawb ntawm Sociology ntawm cov haiv neeg, peb hais tej daim ntawv ntawm cov haiv neeg raws li cov piv txwv. Peb kuj kawm txog cov yam ntxwv xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm haiv neeg uas economic thiab sociological sab. Tam sim no, peb xav txog nws tsim nyog mus nyob rau ib co ntawm nws tseem ceeb tshaj plaws zog. Rau cov neeg nyob rau hauv Sociology qib autonomy thiab nws tus kheej-sufficiency.

Autonomy thiab nws tus kheej-sufficiency li zog

Yav tas los, peb tsuas piav me ntsis hais vaj tse autonomy ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov zej zog. Tam sim no ntau txog nws.

Lub tuam txhab muaj peev xwm nyob ua ib ke nyias los ntawm lwm tus, los txhawb lub hauj lwm ntawm me me lug muaj nyob rau hauv cov qauv, thiab muaj autonomy. Qhov no tej khoom vaj tse, thaum xub thawj pom, dog dig relegated mus rau lub keeb kwm yav dhau nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm tag nrho lub teb kiag li tag nrho cov ntiaj teb no dab rau hnub tim. Txawm li cas los, nws yog yuam kev: strengthening ntawm thoob ntiaj teb hu muaj ib co indications uas autonomy yuav tsis yog li cuab kev, tab sis cov txheej txheem yog ib yam uas ib yam txawv.

Tawm qhia txog cov autonomy ntawm lub sawm fem uas cov pej xeem ntawm lub ntiaj teb no yog muaj ntawm lawv tus kheej fais tshuab nyob rau hauv lawv. Tsis pub dhau lub teb chaws, muaj me me thiab cov zej zog ntawm cov neeg nyob rau ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm hierarchy nyob rau hauv zej zog raws li ib tug tag nrho.

Kawm ntxiv lub tsev ntawm haiv neeg, hais ob peb lo lus hais txog nws tus kheej-sufficiency. Self-sufficiency - ib lub teb chaws tej cuab yeej ntawm tus neeg, kev muab lub cib fim tau kiag li cais los ntawm tus so ntawm haiv neeg. Thaum muaj ib tug faib ntawm zog ntawm lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub ntiaj teb no (ntau lawm specialization), self-sufficiency yog tsis pom nyob rau hauv tib lub teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub societies, ib tug tshiab los ua-nyob rau hauv zoo - complementarity ntawm nyiaj txiag yog vim li cas.

lwm yam zog

Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm tej zej zog - nws cov kev cai array. Cov tswvyim no muaj xws li ib tug ntau yam ntawm tshwm sim, muaj yog tsis muaj yuav tsum tau xav txog lawv li ib feem ntawm peb lub ntsiab. Suffice nws hais tias, raws li nyob rau hauv ntau cov kev cai, nws tus kheej paub, kev ncaj ncees qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg Cultural Society tsim. Nws yog preceded by tsim ntawm ib tug nplua nuj keeb kwm.

Me zej zog mus nqa tawm lawv zog nyob rau hauv ib qhov system of lub teb chaws rau lawv tus kheej lub neej. Qhov no yog lub ntsiab qhov tseeb ntawm tus thaj chaw ntawm nws tus kheej-kev cai.

xaus

Raws li ib tug xaus rau xaus uas lub neej thiab nws cov cwj pwm yuav sib tham txog nyob rau hauv Sociology nyob rau hauv ntau yam. Qhov no yuav siv sij hawm mus rau hauv tus account nyiaj txiag, thaj, keeb kwm, kev cai thiab lwm yam. Lub neej niaj hnub tshwm sim tsuas yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub teb chaws thiab lawv cov coob. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj thaj chaw ntawm lawv - autonomy thiab nws tus kheej-sufficiency.

Yog li, peb to taub qhov teeb meem ntawm dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb nta ntawm cov haiv neeg, txoj kev ua nws raws li ib tug tshwm sim. Peb cia siab tias cov lus qhia yuav pab tau ua ib qho kev paub saib ntawm lub neej niaj hnub.