Niaj hnub no peb yuav tham txog yuav ua li cas Ubuntu yog tuned network. Qhov no operating system muaj ob peb graphical cov cuab yeej rau txoj hauj lwm. Kev mloog yuav tsum tau them rau network tswj siv cov kab hais kom.
Ethernet interfaces
Tus thawj teeb Ubuntu network kev txhawj xeeb nrog rau qhov no technology. Ethernet interfaces nyob rau hauv lub system raug xa mus rau raws li ethX. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, X - yog ib tug tej yam muaj pes tsawg tus. Feem ntau, thawj Ethernet interface hom yog xws li eth0. Number tom qab los ntawm ib tug. Yuav kom sai sai qhia tag nrho cov muaj nyob rau network interfaces, koj muaj peev xwm siv qhov hais kom ua ifconfig.
Muaj yog ib qho lwm txoj kev. Lwm daim ntawv thov uas yuav pab tau kom paub tias cov muaj network interfaces - hais kom ua lshw. Nyob rau hauv Ubuntu network configuration los ntawm cov console nrog kev pab los ntawm cov tshuaj no cia koj paub qhov kev twb kev txuas xov tooj, lub tsheb npav ntxiv, tus neeg tsav tsheb cov lus qhia, thiab ib daim ntawv teev kev txhawb nta. Zajlus kom npe yuav tsum tau interfaces yuav muab teev nyob rau hauv net.rules cov ntaub ntawv.
Peb npaj mus rau lub kauj ruam tom ntej. Yog hais tias koj xav mus nrhiav kom paub uas ntawm lub interfaces kom tau txais ib qho kev zajlus kom lub npe, nrhiav tau cov kab uas ua raws li ib tug lub cev MAC-qhov chaw nyob ntawm ib tug muab lub caij. Hloov tau tus nqi ntawm NPE = ethX. Qhia txog seb cov zajlus kom lub npe. Reboot lub system mus thov cov kev hloov. Muaj yog ib tug tshwj xeeb Ethtool kev pab cuam uas alters thiab qhia txog cov tej chaw ntawm lub network card uas feature Wake-on-LAN, ob lub tsev hom, chaw nres nkoj ceev thiab pib-negotiation. Qhov cuab yeej no yog tsis ntsia chiv, tab sis yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub repositories. Cov kev hloov tau siv Ethtool pab neeg lub sij hawm. Lawv yuav tsum muab tso tseg tom qab lub system reboots. Yog hais tias koj xav tau los cawm cov chaw, ntxiv rau qhov tsim nyog hais kom Ethtool, ua rau nws nyob rau hauv lub pre-up interfaces ntaub ntawv kab. Lub piav tshuaj ua hauj lwm tsis tau tsuas yog statically teeb interfaces, tab sis kuj nrog lwm embodiments, piv txwv li, DHCP.
IP hais
Nyob rau hauv lub kauj ruam tom ntej configure Ubuntu network yog ncaj qha mus txuas nrog rau cov IP-computer cov chaw, thiab ib lub rooj vag. Kauj ruam no yog tsim nyog rau cov koom haum ntawm lub zos connectivity raws li internet nkag. Mus ua ib tug ib ntus network chaw siv tus qauv commands: txoj kev, ifconfig thiab ip. Cov kev daws teeb meem yuav hloov lub instant ntawm lawv cov kev siv. Txawm li cas los, cov configuration nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no yuav tsum raug muab tso tseg tom qab lub restart. Yog hais tias lub DNS qhov tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau rau ib ntus configuration, ntxiv neeg rau zaub mov IP-chaw nyob nyob rau hauv lub resolv.conf cov ntaub ntawv. Feem ntau hloov qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas yog tsis pom zoo, tab sis nws yog permissible nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib ntus configuration. Yog hais tias lub parameter nqis yog tsis xav tau, rho tag nrho cov chaw interface siv cov ip hais kom ua nrog rau qhov sib ntxiv ntawm dej ntws yaug. Resetting lub configuration nrog rau kev siv cov piav txoj kev tsis tu lub txheem resolv.conf. Yuav kom ua tau li no, rho tawm los yog manually hloov cov ntaub ntawv. Koj yuav tau reboot, yog li overwriting resolv.conf yuav nqa tawm.
DHCP neeg
Tom ntej no, peb yuav tsum tau network teeb Ubuntu neeg rau zaub mov. Yuav kom kho cov neeg rau zaub mov mus ua hauj lwm nrog DHCP thiab muab dynamic chaw nyob ntus, ntxiv txoj kev tsim nyog rau cov inet chaw nyob seem rau qhov yuav tsum tau interface caij interfaces. Tom ntej no, peb siv qhov hais kom ua ifup. Nws yuav pub rau muaj xws li interface thiab manually qhib DHCP ntawm dhclient. Peb npaj mus rau lub kauj ruam tom ntej. Yog hais tias tom tej taw tes teeb Ubuntu neeg rau zaub mov network yuav tsum tau manually lov tes taw rau interface, siv qhov hais kom ua ifdown. Nws pib tus txheej txheem uas siv ceev xwmphem lub caij thiab DHCP tso tawm.
tas mus li sij hawm teem tseg
Peb tam sim no sib tham txog yuav ua li cas lub Ubuntu network configuration rau zoo li qub tus IP-chaw nyob. Ntxiv zoo li qub txoj kev mus rau lub inet seem rau ib lub interface nyob rau hauv lub interfaces caij. Koj kuj siv tau cov ifup hais kom ua. Nws tso cai rau koj yuav pab kom cov interface manually. Yuav kom deactivate nws haum ifdown hais kom ua. Tshwj xeeb loopback interface ntawm lub system yog txhais raws li lo. Yog lub neej ntawd, nws muab lub chaw nyob nram no 127.0.0.1. Nws yuav muab tau siv lub ifconfig hais kom ua. Xub thawj, lub caij interfaces tuaj ob kab, uas yog lub luag hauj lwm rau qhov chaw kawm loopback txiav. Peb tawm cov kev xaiv nyob rau hauv nws thawj daim ntawv kom txog rau thaum cov kev vim li cas rau lawv cov kev kho me ntsis. Nyob rau hauv lub kauj ruam tom ntej, ib tug txiav txim yog tus IP-qhov chaw nyob raws li nyob rau hauv tus tswv tsev lub npe. Yog li, nws yog tau mus piv rau cov cim ntawm lub chaw.
Yog li ntawd peb xam tawm li cas los mus siv nyob rau hauv Ubuntu 14. 04 Network Configuration. Phau ntawv no yog tsim rau lwm versions ntawm no operating system.