Pisces Samara Cheeb tsam: yees duab thiab piav qhia

Nyob rau hauv tsis ntev los no yav dhau los lub Middle Volga thiab nyob ib sab dej nto moo rau lawv stocking. Ib tug paus ntawm coj mus muag stocks ntawm ntses ntawm lub Samara cheeb tsam lees paub rau sturgeon thiab salmon hom uas raug ntes nyob rau hauv loj loj ntau thiab muaj nuj nqis ho ntau dua li cov "dawb" hom: pike, bream, perch thiab lwm tus neeg. Lub thiaj li hu ua "liab" ntses yog ib qho tseem ceeb khoom rau export thiab twb hais nyob rau hauv lub domestic kev ua lag luam. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 lawm nto moo thiab herring (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog backed shad) uas nws jambs mus txog ntses nteg qe nyob rau hauv cov qhov chaw.

hom ntau haiv

Niaj hnub no, nyob rau hauv lub Middle Volga thiab surrounding dej ntau tshaj li 50 hom ntawm underwater creatures hais tias ua li cov stocks ntawm lub Samara cheeb tsam ntawm ntses. Lawv yuav mus rau 16 tsev neeg thiab 10 kev txiav txim (ib co heev tsis zoo sawv cev: rau sturgeon sturgeon yog pom xwb).

carps

Hom ntau haiv no mas sawv cev nyob rau hauv lub tub cheev xwm. Ntawm no nws yog pom ntau tshaj 30 hom thiab 20 genera. Pisces Samara Cheeb tsam: laum, bream, bream thiab xiav bream, chub thiab Yelets IDEs thiab chubs, cupids thiab carp, nase thiab sabrefish, carp thiab carp - yog cov tseem ceeb cov neeg sawv cev ntawm no pab pawg neeg.

Perciformes

Qhov no detachment muab carp nyob sawv cev ntawm haiv neeg yog heev hnov li cas. Nws yog sawv cev los ntawm lub 9 th hom: nqaj ntoo, ruff, Berchet, perch, bullheads, pugolovkami, podkamenschikom, rotan.

Salmon, Clupeiformes, lwm yam

Pisces Samara Thaj av thiab hais Salmoniformes. Muaj 5 hom: dej thiab zaj sawv trout, peled, whitebait (euro smelt), whitefish. Detachment Clupeiformes herring yog sawv cev los ntawm ob hom: sprat thiab backed shad. Detachment ntawm lub koob zoo li tus koob-nthuav ntses Caspian, somoobraznyh - zoo tib yam catfish, gadiformes - burbot, eel - eel dej, esociformes - zoo tib yam pike, sturgeon - sturgeon.

Tsis tshua muaj thiab endangered hom ntses ntawm lub Samara cheeb tsam. daim ntawv teev

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm muaj thiab coj mus muag ua ub no ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 pib lub tsheb txhob sibtsoo disappearance ntawm ib co hom ntses, yav tas los nyob rau hauv abundance nyob rau hauv cov chaw no. Ntawm no yog ib co ntawm lawv:

• inconnu;
• chub;
• trout;
• bystranka Lavxias teb sab;
• Beluga;
• dace;
• salmon;
• sturgeon;
• undermouth lub Volga;
• sturgeon, trout;
• herring-backed shad.

Ib txhia hom vim hais tias ntawm nws cov ib puag ncig kam twb tau hloov mus rau qhov uas twb muaj lawm tam sim no ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob. Piv txwv li, sturgeon, uas khaws cia tseg lawv spawning thiab dim rau hauv lub Upper aav ntawm reservoirs. Txawm tias nws coj mus muag catch hnub no yog txwv tsis pub los ntawm txoj cai lij choj.

Yog vim li cas disappearing hom ntses

Characteristically, lub sturgeon nyob rau hauv lub Samara cheeb tsam kom txog thaum tsis ntev los no (xyoo pua puv 19, thaum ntxov 20th) yog ib lub teb chaws qhov chaw pab thiab wealth ntawm Russia. Thiab peb lub teb chaws yog ib qho ntawm cov thawj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no tuag cov ntses. Qhov teeb meem no tau ho hloov txoj kev loj hlob ntawm hydropower. Cov kev siv ntawm dams thiab noj ntawm tus dais cuam tshuam tsoom fwv ntawm tus dej thiab tiv thaiv tau tus dawb txaus thiab lub spawning ntawm ib co hom.

Cov lwm yam - qhov kev hloov nyob rau hauv tsoom fwv ntawm reservoirs (oxygen thiab pub), txhuav mus rau hauv lub dej ib puag ncig ntawm ntau yam twj, domestic thiab muaj. Tsis tas li ntawd pollutes cov dej thiab kev thauj mus los - dej thiab av. Ib tug tas mus li overfishing (ntes loj npaum li cas los ntawm tshaj yuav muaj me tub) yeej txhawb nws gradual disappearance.

Ib txhia hom ntses ntawm lub Samara thaj av ntawd: yees duab thiab piav qhia

• Pike - sai sai loj hlob predatory ntses haus juveniles thiab cov laus ntawm loj me me. Nws yog pom feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntiav cheeb tsam ze ntawm lub ntug dej. Spawning pib thaum ntxov thiab kav rau ib tug ntev lub sij hawm (kom txog li 30 hnub). Vim li no, lub tu tub tu kiv ntawm pike muaj tsis muaj tshwj xeeb cov nyom thiab kev cai txhua xyoo, txawm hais tias ib co ntawm lub ntuj thiab muaj yam tseem cuam tshuam rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub qe thiab Fry.
• Trout, los yog trout ruchevidnaya, kuj yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub Samara cheeb tsam ntawm ntses (saib saum toj no yees duab). Trout los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm salmon lub neej nyob rau hauv me me dej ntws thiab ntws. Rau ib tug nruab nrab yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug sai currents ntawm cov dej txias, lub xuab zeb los yog zeb hauv qab. Qhov no ntses yog pom nyob rau hauv lub Samara cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv lub northeast (Kamyshlinsky Klyavlinsky thiab cov cheeb tsam). Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, tsiag ntawv los ntawm disappearance ntawm hom ntawm cov hav dej basins.
• Pike - es me me hom nyob rau hauv qhov dej ntawm tus Samara cheeb tsam. Lub ntsiab yog vim li cas hampering txoj kev loj hlob ntawm nws tu tub tu kiv - ib tug tsawg tus naj npawb ntawm cov txiv neej producers, lawv loj heev thiab txhaum cai nuv ntses nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ua ntej spawning.
• Smelt, smelt los yog European. Qhov no ntses muaj ob hom: loj thiab me me. Rau cov tsos ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm adipose tis ntses, elongated lub cev, medium-qhov loj qhov me dos, uas muaj peev xwm muab tau yooj yim tshem tawm. Nraub tis ntses tso rov qab ib tug me ntsis. ntses lub cev yog translucent. Smelt yuav ua tau 10 cm nyob rau hauv ntev, thiab smelt - 30.