Yuav ua li cas yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub magnetic teb? Tau qhov twg los lub ntiaj teb magnetic teb

Lub magnetic teb - ib tug heev interesting tshwm sim. Tam sim no, nws cov khoom tau siv nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb. Koj puas paub tias lub hauv paus ntawm lub magnetic teb? Tom qab nyeem ntawv hauv tsab xov xwm, koj yuav kawm txog nws. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, peb yuav tham txog ib co ntawm cov lus tseeb uas muaj feem rau magnetism. Yuav pib, cia peb tig mus rau keeb kwm.

Ib me ntsis keeb kwm

Hlau nplaum thiab hluav taws xob - nws tsis yog ob tug sib txawv tshwm sim, raws li erroneously ntseeg rau ib ntev lub sij hawm. Lawv kev sib raug los ua tseeb xwb nyob rau hauv xyoo 1820, thaum lub Danish paub txog Hans Christian Oersted (1777-1851 gg.) Pom tias tam sim no los ntawm cov hlau qho hluav taws xob tam sim no deflects lub compass koob. Tam sim no ib txwm generates ib tug sib nqus teb. Nws tsis nyob qhov twg nws yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw - nruab nrab ntawm cov huab thiab cov av nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov xob laim los yog nyob rau hauv cov nqaij ntawm peb lub cev.

Txawm nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm cov neeg tau sim los xyuas seb yog dab tsi yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub magnetic teb. Ntxiv mus, lub qhib ua nyob rau hauv xyaum. Hlau nplaum cai thiab siv (tshwj xeeb yog rau navigation hom phiaj) rau txhiab xyoo ua ntej nws tau clarified qhov hluav taws xob, thiab nws tau pom ua daim ntawv thov. Tsuas yog thaum nws tau los ua npe hu hais tias qhov teeb meem muaj atoms, nws raug thaum kawg txiav txim hais tias magnetism thiab hluav taws xob yog sib xyaw. Txhua qhov chaw uas muaj magnetism, muaj yuav tam sim no, thiab ib co hluav taws xob. Txawm li cas los, qhov no foundations yog tsuas yog thaum pib ntawm lub tshiab kev tshawb fawb.

Yuav ua li cas txiav txim rau lub manifestation ntawm magnetic thaj chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm tej sab nraud hwj chim qhov twg los? Zog ntawm electrons uas tsim hluav taws xob currents nyob rau hauv lub atoms. Qhov no hom ntawm magnetism, thiab peb yuav xav txog ntawm no. Tau qhov twg los vortex magnetic teb (alternating tam sim no), peb luv luv piav.

Magnetite thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv

Khoom ntawm attracting hlau thiab hlau-muaj cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj cai nyob rau hauv lub ntuj, ib tug nthuav mineral. Nws yog hais txog magnetite, ib tug hlau tshuaj tebchaw. Tej zaum, ib co ntawm nws ib tug zoo siv nyob rau hauv thawj compass, yees ua los ntawm Suav. Yog qhov uas tus magnetic teb yog tsis tsuas cov mineral. Ib txhia cov ntaub ntawv kuj kuj yooj yim rau txhob txwm tshaj tawm qhia rau qhov yuav tsum tau cov khoom. Cov lawv qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub npe hu hlau thiab hlau. Ob leeg ib tug thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv uas yuav yooj yim los ua ib tug qhov chaw ntawm magnetic teb.

tas mus li hlau nplaum

Tshuaj attracting hlau, tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb hauv chav kawm ntawv. Lawv hu ua tas mus li hlau nplaum. Txawm tias lub npe, lawv yuav tau ua kom muaj qhov yuav tsum tau thaj chaw rau ib tug lub sij hawm xwb. Mus tas li magnet nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov bar qhia tau hais tias lub zog ntawm cov terrestrial magnetism. Yog hais tias nws yuav tsiv mus nyob dawb do, ib tug kawg yeej ib txwm hloov nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov North Ncej ntawm lub ntiaj teb, thiab rau lwm yam - nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov South. Lub ob xaus ntawm cov hlau nplaum hu ua cov sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb tug, ntsig txog.

Hlau nplaum yuav muaj zoo yam zoo: ib lub bar, ib tug horseshoe, los yog ib tug ntau lub nplhaib. Lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob khoom siv. Cov ncej ntawm cov hlau nplaum denoted li: N (sab qaum teb) thiab S (sab qab teb). Wb tham txog yuav ua li cas lawv INTERACTIONS.

Attraction thiab repulsion

Tsis zoo li magnetic tug nyiam. Qhov no peb paub los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv. Rub ib co lwm yam ntaub ntawv, cov hlau nplaum thawj ua nws ib tug tsis muaj zog hlau nplaum. Zoo li tug ua txhua lwm yam (txawm hais tias nws tsis yog raws li cuab kev raws li ib tug attraction). Hnov tej yam uas magnet, hlau thiab steel lawv tus kheej ua hlau nplaum, tau txais cov lus rov polarity. Uas yog vim li cas lawv yog attracted rau nws. Tab sis, yog hais tias ob tug zoo tib hlau nplaum sib npaug zos "nqi" teem ze rau txhua lwm yam nrog rau tib tug, yog dab tsi yuav tshwm sim? Pom tus repulsion quab yuam yuav ua ncaj rau tus quab yuam ntawm attraction uas ua ntawm ob opposite tug, ntsia nyob rau tib lub deb ntawm txhua lwm yam.

Cawv ntawm magnetism yog raug tsis tau tsuas yog ferrous cov ntaub ntawv. Txawm li cas los, lub magnetic tshwm sim yog feem ntau yooj yim cai nyob hauv cov ntshiab hlau. Qhov no, piv txwv li, hlau, npib tsib xee, cobalt.

thawj

Co, uas yuav ua tau ib qhov chaw ntawm magnetic teb muaj me me hlau nplaum pov tseg across nyob rau hauv lub khoom. Lawv sib npaug npaj tsuas yog nyob rau chaw me me, hu ua thawj, uas yuav tsum tau pom los ntawm ib tug electron tshuab kuaj kab mob. Nyob rau hauv unmagnetized teeb meem - raws li zoo raws li lub puav rau lawv tus kheej yog taw qhia kom paub nyob rau hauv txawv kev qhia muaj - lub magnetic teb yog pes tsawg. Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj sib nqus nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog tsis muaj cai. Yog li, cov khoom acquires yuav tsum tau cov khoom hauv tej yam kev mob.

magnetization txheej txheem muaj nyob rau hauv lub fact tias tag nrho cov thawj yog yuam kom kab nyob rau hauv ib tug coj. Thaum lawv muab kom zoo, lawv ua yog ntxiv. Ib tug yeeb tshuaj nyob rau hauv kev ua lub magnetic teb qhov twg los. Yog hais tias tag nrho cov thawj yog hlua li raws nraim nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev coj, cov ntaub ntawv uas nce mus txog cov kev txwv ntawm nws magnetic muaj peev xwm. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau koj nco ntsoov ib tug qauv. Magnetization ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav kawg nyob ntawm seb lub sau magnetization. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, yog txiav txim los ntawm yuav ua li cas rau ib tug neeg atoms yog nyob hauv sau.

Lub ntiaj teb magnetic teb

Lub ntiaj teb magnetic teb tau ntev tau meej ntsuas thiab piav, tab sis kom deb li deb nws yuav tsis tau qoos piav. Nyob rau hauv heev yooj yim cov ntsiab lus uas nws yuav tuaj raws li yog ntawm sab qaum teb thiab South geographic tug yog ib tug yooj yim tiaj tus hlau nplaum. Qhov no ua rau ib co ntawm cov cai los. Tab sis qhov no tsis piav qhia txog lub txawv heev siv hloov, thiab txawm cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov magnetic teb kab ntawm lub ntiaj teb nto, los yog vim li cas lab xyoo dhau los qhov chaw ntawm lub magnetic tug yog opposite rau tam sim no, los yog vim li cas lawv yog, albeit maj mam, lossi tsiv. Yog li, txhua yam yog nyuab dua.

magnetic teb ntawm lub ntiaj teb Model

Peb yuav piav qhia txog nyob rau hauv ntau yam yooj yim version. Sawv cev nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb ntev ntev, tiaj magnet uas yuav yog qhov sib nqus teb. Yuav ua li cas lwm tus yuav tsum raug xam tias yog? Sib Nqus cov ntaub ntawv uas nyob rau hauv tus nto ntawm lub ntiaj teb yuav tsum tau nyob li hais tias lawv tus ncej taw sab qaum teb, muab lub tsis ncaj ncees lawm txoj kev, uas peb hu rau sab qaum teb (ua tau rau sab qab teb ncej ntawm lub xav txog tej yam magnet) thiab ib tug ncej - rau sab qab teb (rau sab qaum teb ncej ntawm cov hlau nplaum).

Nkag siab txog cov complex lub cev dab ua ib co teeb meem. Thiab lub ntiaj teb magnetism thiab magnetism me me hlau daim yooj yim piav qhia los ntawm piv txwv tias yog tias cov magnetic teb kab (feem ntau xa mus rau raws li cov kab ntawm magnetic flux) los ntawm lub sab qaum teb kawg ntawm cov hlau nplaum, thiab yog muaj nyob rau hauv sab qab teb. Qhov no yog ib tug heev arbitrary sawv cev thov tsuas yog rau lub hom phiaj ntawm yooj yim, cia li raws li kev siv latitude thiab longitude kab kos rau ib daim ntawv qhia. Txawm li cas los, nws yuav pab kom peb to taub li cas rau qhov chaw ntawm lub magnetic teb ntawm lub ntiaj teb.

Fais fab kab ib tug yooj yim tiaj tus hlau nplaum, dua los ntawm ib tug ncej mus rau lwm yam thiab yuav tsum vov tag nrho cov hlau nplaum, tsim ib tug tsi ntawm lub tog raj kheej. Cov kab ntawm kev quab yuam ntawm cov tib cov kev taw qhia, raws li nws twb repelled. Lawv yeej ib txwm pib ntawm tus ncej ntawm tib hom thiab thaum xaus ntawm tus ncej ntawm lwm yam, thiab yeej tsis sib tshuam.

Nyob rau hauv xaus

Yog li ntawd peb tsim ib lub ntsiab "lub hauv paus ntawm lub magnetic teb." Raws li koj tau pom, nws yog heev kim heev. Peb tau pom tias tsuas yog cov tswv yim hais txog no lub npe.