Yuav ua li cas yog cov m-holinoblokatory?

M-holinoblokatory - tshuaj lub npe hu txaus. Cov atropinopodobnye cov neeg ua hauj thaiv cov kev ua ntawm lub parasympathetic lub paj hlwb, nws cov nyhuv rau lub cev nruab nrog cev thiab qog. Ntxiv mus, tsab xov xwm no qhia txog cov teebmeem ntawm m-anticholinergics, lawv tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, qhov kev txiav txim thiab kev siv ntawm cov tshuaj no.

kev faib

M-holinoblokatory muab faib mus rau hauv peb lub ntsiab pawg:

1. Txhais tau hais tias "Atropine" thiab "Scopolamine," uas yog tej yam ntuj tso alkaloids.
2. Lawv semisynthetic derivatives muaj qhov sib txawv los ntawm lub starting cov ntaub ntawv, uas muaj nyob rau hauv pharmacokinetic zog.
3. Synthetic tebchaw uas tej zaum yuav muaj selectivity txheeb ze mus rau lwm cov subtypes ntawm m-cholinergic receptors.

zog

Txhais tau hais tias "Atropine", raws li ib tug siv yeeb tshuaj, yuav muaj ib tug stimulating nyhuv on cov kev ua ntawm lub hauv paus poob siab system. Medicament "Scopolamine" kuj muaj sedative zog thiab yog siv nyob rau hauv mob ntawm moj yam, kiv taub hau thiab lwm yam vestibular ntshawv siab. Muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj "Aeron" raws li active tshuaj, cov compound siv rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm seasickness.

Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm m-holinoblokatorov "Atropine" thiab "Scopolamine" sib txawv. Feem ntau cov kom meej meej qhov sib txawv cai nrog cov nyhuv rau lub hauv paus poob siab system. Txhais tau hais tias "Scopolamine", tsis zoo li cov tshuaj "atropine", nws muaj ib tug qhia tus ntawm lub hauv paus ua cim txawm nyob rau hauv me me koob tshuaj. Qhov no yog vim qhov sib txawv permeability ntawm cov ntshav hlwb barrier. Nws yog nyob rau hauv no cov lus dag yog vim li cas hais tias Mr. holinoblokatory muaj atropine, siv ntau feem ntau.

Ntawm semisynthetic derivatives ntawm tej yam ntuj tso alkaloids yog cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws txhais tau tias "Homatropine" thiab "Tropikamid" thiab "methylatropine nitrate", "Ipratropium Bromide" thiab "Tiotropium bromide". Tag nrho cov tshuaj no yog tsis muaj peev xwm txeem cov ntshav-hlwb barrier. Los ntawm cov khoom cua tebchaw yuav tsum muaj xws li ib tug thib peb pab pawg neeg ntawm m-holinoblokatory xws li txhais tau tias "Pirenzepine" (qhia rau ulcerative kab mob) thiab "Tolterodine" (pom zoo incontinence).

daim ntawv thov

M-Anticholinergics (lub mechanism ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ib co ntawm lawv yuav tau piav rau hauv qab no) yog siv nyob rau hauv zoo antispasmodics ntau hom Colic (lub raum, lub siab, plab hnyuv) muab thaum bronchospasm, txo lub zaus ntawm cov lus nyob rau hauv lub plawv. Cov tshuaj pom zoo rau cov kev soj ntsuam ntawm lub fundus, txoj kev kho iritis thiab iridocyclitis, teeb ntawm atrio-ventricular conduction.

Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm m-cholinergic antagonists, cov lwm yam, yog manifested nyob rau hauv lub so ntawm lub pais plab thiab hnyuv du nqaij, txo lub tso pa tawm ntawm digestive qog. Tsaug rau no txhais tau tias yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm ulcers nyob rau hauv lub plab thiab lub duodenum. Tshuaj kuj siv tau raws li antidoda intoxication holinomimetricheskimi thiab anticholinesterase Cheebtsam.

Impact txhais tau tias "Atropine" Cns

Nyob rau hauv loj tsawv koob, uas roos 0.5-1 mg, cov tshuaj yuav tsuas txaus yuav ua tau kom parasympathetic laus. Qhov no tshwm sim raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm excitation ntawm cov chaw zov me nyuam nyob rau hauv lub medulla oblongata thiab nws overlying departments. Los ua ntau npaum tus neeg mob muaj ib tug pog lub xeev, uas yog manifested los ntawm kev ntxhov siab vim, orientation teeb meem, hallucinations. Heev loj koob tshuaj ua inhibitory nyhuv tej zaum yuav tsim coma thiab tuag tes tuag taw, plawv tsis ua hauj lwm.

Impact txhais tau tias "Scopolamine" Cns

Qhov no tshuaj yog tau pheev ib inhibitory ntxim rau cov kev ua ntawm lub paj hlwb. Nws manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv koj nkees nkees, qaug zog, zuj zus lawm kev faib ua feem ntawm REM pw tsaug zog, amnesia. Vim lub peev xwm los ntxias zoo siab nyob rau hauv ib co neeg mob uas tsim txom lawv txhais tau tias, muaj ib tug quav. Vim hais tias ntawm cov sedative los ntawm cov tshuaj "Scopolamine" ib lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau siv rau kev tshuaj loog. Txawm li cas los nws twb tom qab qhia, uas nyob rau hauv mob heev nws muaj peev xwm sawv, txawm nyob rau hauv kho koob tshuaj ua rau kev ntxhov siab vim, hallucinations thiab ntxhov siab. Ua rau lub cerebral cortex, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsab ntawv tsa suab mob kev nkeeg.

Cawv ntawm "Atropine" rau cov hlab plawv system

Lub ntsiab nyhuv ntawm cov tshuaj yog los mus hloov lub zaus ntawm cov lus nyob rau hauv lub plawv. Txhais tau hais tias muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm qhov uas ua cov lus hais tachycardia. Txawm li cas los ntawm koob tshuaj tsis tshaj permissible, lub plawv dhia yuav txo tau tshwm sim ib ntus thiab tsis ua rau ib tug kev hloov nyob rau hauv cov ntshav siab. Yav tas los nws twb assumed tias qhov no nyhuv yog vim lub stimulation ntawm lub chaw zov me nyuam ntawm cov vagus qab haus huv. Tab sis nws muab tawm hais tias tib qhov chaw yog muaj los ntawm Mr. holinoblokatory uas tsis txeem tau cov ntshav-hlwb barrier. Txhais tau hais tias "Atropine" muaj peev xwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv bradycardia, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm esters ntawm choline thiab acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, cardiac ntes nrog hluav taws xob stimulation ntawm lub vagus qab haus huv.

Cawv ntawm cov tshuaj "Scopolamine" rau cov hlab plawv system

Nyob rau hauv me me koob tshuaj, yog 0.1-0.2 mg, cov tshuaj los ib tug tseem ceeb txo nyob rau hauv lub plawv dhia. Tom qab ua lub tshuaj yog thawj cai tachycardia, uas yuav siv sij hawm ib nrab ib teev, los yog hloov los ntawm cov bradycardia. Lwm ntev lawm belladonna alkaloids, thiab lwm yam m-holinoblokatory qhia rau cov kev kho mob ntawm Parkinson tus kab mob. Zoo tau tiav thaum uas siv nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog nrog yeeb tshuaj "Levodopa". M-holinoblokatory nrhiav tau lawv daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv mob ntawm extrapyramidal xwm, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm antipsychotic tshuaj.