Yuav ua li cas yog archaic? Piv txwv ntawm kev siv nyob rau hauv niaj hnub hais lus

Language yeej tsis sawv tseem. Nws yog ib tug nyob kab mob, raug rau cov kev cai ntawm relentless txoj kev loj hlob. Ib txhia khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm nws ho hloov, ib txhia yog hloov txoj kev cai los ntawm sawv daws yuav tshiab. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, cov nyhuv rau tus txheej txheem thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov haiv neeg (kev hloov nyob rau hauv cov kev sib raug qauv, hierarchy), thiab cov kev kawm nyob rau hauv science thiab technology. Tsis yog lub caij nyoog nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov kev loj hlob ntawm lub Internet thiab computerization ntawm lub cai txaus nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov lus tshiab - neologisms, barbarisms puav (ie Tokens tsis tau mastered nyob rau hauv tag nrho, feem ntau differing txawv teb chaws lus sau ntawv). Thaum obsolete lus thiab cov tswv yim yuav mus rau yav dhau los. Tab sis lawv tsis ploj kiag li, vim hais tias qhov no yog ib tug qeeb txheej txheem. Thiab ntev li ntev raws li cov neeg nyob, peb paub hais tias qhia, piv txwv li, lo lus "Komsomol" los yog "kev tsev kawm ntawv", los yog artistic hauj lwm, uas siv obsolete lus (feem ntau self-explanatory rau cov niaj hnub nyeem ntawv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov lus, cov ntawv hauv qab, tshuaj), kiag li lawv yuav tsis tuag . Tawm hauv lub dhau los tokens yuav subdivided rau archaisms thiab historicism. Qhov kawg - lus denoting outdated phenomena thiab cov tswv yim, tej yam. Piv txwv li, '' s lub tsho tiv no "," lub tsho tiv no "," carriage "," clerk "- niaj hnub no muaj yog tsis muaj lawm no hom ntawm cov khaub ncaws, lub tsheb txaus. Tsis serfs thiab boyars. Yog li ntawd, nws yog historicism. Tab sis dab tsi, ces, yog ib tug archaism? Nws yog tam sim no tawm ntawm txoj kev siv ntawm ib lo lus uas qhia ib qho uas twb muaj lawm phenomenon, tswvyim, kwv. "LANIT" - tib yam li lub puab tsaig, "ntiv tes" - tus ntiv tes, "lub caj dab ntawm" - lub caj dab. Tiam sis peb yuav tsis tham. Yuav kom to taub zoo dua li cas yog archaic thiab dab tsi yog nws lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov lus thiab cov ntaub ntawv, tsom xam, yog dab tsi nws views.

Rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov lo lus nws tsis tau hloov tus nqi ntawm tej kev sau ntawv, tab sis lawv yog cov lus hais nyob rau hauv niaj hnub hais lus txawv. Piv txwv li, "Music", "lub cim". Tom qab tag nrho cov, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 haum yog tsis yog qhov uas tam sim no hais tias, "Music", "lub cim". Nws yog phonetically obsolete lus. Thiab dab tsi yog qhov semantic anachronism? Lo lus no, uas tso cai rau ib los yog ntau qhov tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li, "tsis tau cawm lub plab." Peb nyob nraum tsis tham txog ib tug ib feem ntawm lub cev. Thaum lo lus no txhais tau tias "lub neej." Los yog "scoundrel" - ib zaug lo lus tsis yog ib tug foom, foom, thiab taw mus rau ib tug txiv neej unfit rau cov tub rog kev pab cuam. Uas yog, lo lus yog sab laug, tab sis nws yog tam sim no siv nyob rau hauv ib tug heev txawv cov ntsiab lus teb, ib tug txawv lub ntsiab lus.

Yuav ua li cas yog archaic lexical los yog lexical derivation? Piv txwv li, leej twg yog tus "tub sab" nyob rau hauv phraseologisms "Aki tub sab nyob rau hauv lub hmo ntuj"? Thaum lo lus no txhais tau tias "tus tub sab", tam sim no tsuas yog siv raws li ib feem ntawm no nruas, thiab nws yog tsis tshua muaj tsis tshua muaj. Tub sab nyob ua ib ke, tab sis cov token yog outdated. Thiab ntawm no, piv txwv li, "kev phooj kev ywg" es tsis txhob "phooj ywg", "fishermen" es tsis txhob "neeg nuv ntses" yog heev ntshiab rau peb, raws li tsuas hloov lus. Qhov no lexical archaisms Lavxias teb sab lus-tsim. Peb to taub hais tias "nyiaj" - ib tug "hav", "lo lus nug" - "hais", tab sis xws lus raws li "paj npleg" (zaub mov, noj mov) los yog "lub hnub" (hnub ua ntej) twb xav tau cov lus. Cuaj kaum, archaisms, obsolete lus (xws li historicism), pab mus recreate qhov tsw ntawm lub era ntawm tus kws. Yog li, lawv ua si lub luag hauj lwm ntawm stylistic, tshwj xeeb yog siv nyob rau hauv cov kev hais lus los yog sau ntawm contemporaries. Feem ntau to taub dab tsi yog archaic, pab thiab lub npe (piv txwv li, qhov kev pab cuam "Lwm hnub" thiab yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los lo lus "qub txeeg qub tes" nyob rau hauv lub title), thiab idioms, nyob rau hauv uas muaj cov outdated ntsiab ( "ntse heev" - los ntawm " saib ntsoov txog "- ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm ntev). Yuav kom to taub qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub npe, los yog idioms, peb yuav tsum tig mus rau ib tug tshwj xeeb cov lo lus (piv txwv li, dhau caij nyoog lus thiab cov nqe lus).