Computers, Programming
Yuav ua li cas mus txhais bytes rau hauv megabytes thiab rov qab?
Niaj hnub no peb lub neej yog ib qho nyuaj rau xav txog tej yam tsis muaj computers. Lawv pom qhov txhia chaw. Lo lus "me ntsis", "byte", "megabytes" tau ua ib feem ntawm peb lub neej. Zoo tib yam neeg feem ntau siv lawv yam tsis paub dab tsi lawv txhais li cas thiab yuav ua li cas sib txheeb lwm yam.
Khoom, kilobits ...
Ntsis - qhov tsawg tshaj plaws chav tsev ntawm binary ntaub ntawv. Ntau precisely, nws kom muaj nuj nqis. Qhov no yog hais txog cov lus qhia txog ib tug ntawm ob lub xeev ntawm cov kwv. Piv txwv li, ib lub teeb liab / tsis muaj cov teeb liab, yeej muaj tseeb / cuav, 1/0, thiab hais txog. G. Los ntawm cov lus Askiv lub npe Tshwm sim txo lis nary Digi t ( "binary") = me ntsis. Thiab "me ntsis" yog hais txog ib tug lej ntawm lub binary code. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug zauv lej yog sawv cev raws li ib tug pes tsawg los yog ib tug, rau piv txwv raws li qhia nyob rau hauv lub rooj. Qhov no yog hu ua ib tug "binary system ntawm numeration."
| decimal zauv | binary code | decimal zauv | binary code |
| 0 | 0 | 5 | 101 |
| 1 | 1 | 6 | 110 |
| 2 | 10 | 7 | 111 |
| 3 | 11 | 8 | 1000 |
| 4 | 100 | 9 | 1001 |
Raws li yuav pom, cov zauv 0 thiab 1 muaj tib lub sawv cev thiab decimal deuce muaj ob tug me me - 10. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub yim - plaub (1000).
Thiab yog dab tsi yog kilobits?
Qhov tseem thoob plaws siv ntawm no tus xov tooj system nyob rau hauv computer technology. Nyob rau hauv kev, lub binary xov tooj siv rau tus naj npawb ntawm cov puas.
Ntawm no yog ib qho piv txwv. Tus nab npawb ntawm tag nrho cov tau chaw nyob rau hauv lub chaw nyob chaw tos tsheb loj yog sib npaug zos rau tej xov tooj ntawm ob lub nyob rau hauv ib co twg N. Los lwm yam - 2 N. Ntawm no, N qhia tus xov tooj ntawm cov khoom ntawm lub tsheb npav. Yuav ua li cas peb pom? Cov nab npawb ntawm cov hlwb nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb nti yog sib npaug zos rau ib tug los yog lwm degree ntawm 2. Thiab ces - txawm nthuav ntau. Number 2 10 = 1024 yog heev ze rau 1000 tauj Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, txhiab tus siv raws li lub hauv paus rau tus zauv ua ntej lo lus. Yog li ntawd, 1024 khoom raug hu ua "kilobits". Los ntawm analogy nrog lub kilo gram los yog kilo meter. Kuv nco qab lub anecdote, qhia saum toj no.
Bytes thiab khoom
Ntawm computer science paub raws li nram no. "Bytes" (eng. Byte) yog hu ua ib tug cia chav tsev, thiab kev ntawm cov digital cov ntaub ntawv. Nws nruab nrab yog cov xov tooj ntawm cov khoom ib txhij ua computer. Nws yog ib tug classic.
Niaj hnub nimno computer systems siv byte muaj 8 khoom. Thiaj li, nws yuav siv sij hawm 256 (2 8) txawv qhov tseem ceeb.
Kom hloov bytes rau megabytes, cia li ua. Xam rau peb cov chav kawm ntawv: 1 kilobyte = 1024 bytes. Nco ntsoov txog ob hlis ntuj 10? A 1 MB = 1024 KB (m. E. 2 @ 20 = 2x10 2) = 1048576 bytes.
daim ntawv sau npe
Feem ntau cov feem ntau, tus bytes siv nyob rau hauv computer systems, thiab cov khoom - nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv kis tau tus mob tes hauj lwm. Feem ntau, rau tshaj tawm ntsuas.
Ntawm no yog ib qho piv txwv. Ethernet network muab ib cov ntaub ntawv tus nqi nyob rau hauv lub chav 10 Mbit / s mus rau 1 Gb / s. Ntau yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias, raws li ib tug txoj cai, bytes denoted los ntawm tsab ntawv "B" (los yog Latin «B»). "Ntsis" thiab kaw. Lub prefix "kilo" yog qhia los ntawm "K" tsab ntawv. Nws yog ib tug capital es lowercase. Ib tug me me "k" yog sau lub npe ntawm tus zauv prefix "kilo", piv txwv li Lub peb hlis ntuj 10 = 1000 tauj Tam sim no xav txog nyob rau hauv ntau yam li nram qab no lo lus nug.
Binary thiab decimal tsiaj ntawv ua pib
Yuav ua li cas mus txhais bytes rau hauv megabytes, ntau dua los yog tsawg ntshiab. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1999, lub zoo-paub lub koom haum IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) muab tso rau hauv kev binary prefix tsim ntau chav nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog qhov sib thooj xov tooj 1024 thiab 1000 tauj li ntawd, cov pa decimal tsiaj ntawv ua pib siv cov SI system, binary txawv tsuas yog hloov lub xeem lub suab nyob rau hauv "lis" (los ntawm Latin binarius - binary). Nws zoo nkaus li zoo raws li qhia nyob rau hauv lub rooj hauv qab no.
| prefix | abbreviations txais yuav los ntawm lub IEC, bytes / khoom | Cov coj decimal prefix | Tus nqi los ntawm cov uas khoo los ntawm tus thawj tus nqi ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv |
| KIBI | KiB (KiB) / KIBIT | kilos (10 3) | 10 Lub ob hlis ntuj 1024, los yog |
| mebi | MiB (MiB) / Mibit | mega (10 6) | Los yog 1048576 2 20 |
| HIBI | GiB (GiB) / Gibit | giga (10 9) | 1073741824 los yog Ob Hlis 30 |
| Taby | TiB (TiB) / Tibit | tera (10 12) | Los yog 40 1099511627776 2 |
| PEBI | Pib (Pib) / Pibity | tus tsiaj (10 15) | 1125899906842624 2 los yog 50 |
| eksbi | ETC (EiB) / Eibit | exa (10 18) | Los yog 2 1152921504606846976 60 |
| zebi | Zib (ZiB) / Zibit | zetta (10 21) | 1180591620717411303424 los yog 2 70 |
| yobi | YiB (YiB) / Yibit | yotta (10 24) | 1208925819614629174706176 los yog 2 80 |
Tus txheem txais yuav los ntawm ntau lub teb chaws, tab sis lub nkag mus hauv cov npe yog siv tsawg zaus, mas nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv thiab hais - luag yeej tsis. Yuav ua li cas mus nrhiav tau vim lub cacophony. Tej zaum li ntawd. Koj pom zoo tias kilobits suab nicer tshaj kibibit thiab megabytes zoo dua mebibytes.
Txhais lus bytes rau hauv megabytes tseeb. Tab sis hais tias yog tsis yog txhua txhua. Yog li ntawd, nyob deb, muaj ob txoj kev mus rau tsim ntawm cov zauv info. Hais tias cov nqe lus nug ntau heev tshaj dua ruam yog yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam yog nyob rau hauv lub 1 megabyte ntawm bytes.
Tus thawj mus kom ze
.. Nyob rau hauv nws lub prefix "kilo," "mega," etc. yog siv raws li ib tug binary rau nram qab no tus neeg mob:
Cov ntaub ntawv tus thawj tswj los thiab lwm yam software nyob rau abbreviated ntaub ntawv loj qhov chaw. Piv txwv li, qhov kev pab cuam qhia tias cov ntaub ntawv loj yog 10 MB. Lub classic txoj kev uas yuav hloov nyob rau hauv bytes megabytes, xav txog qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov uas yog sib npaug zos rau 10485760 bytes. Cov ntaub ntawv tswj ntawm tsis ntev los no raws li hauv tus txheej txheem qhov siab thiab dav - siv lub abbreviated daim ntawv ntawm binary tsiaj ntawv ua pib, xws MiB (MiB). - Manufacturers random nkag nco, flash nco phaib, video nco.
- CD-ROM volume yog muab tsuas nyob rau hauv binary megabytes.
Qhov thib ob mus kom ze
Ntawm no yog lub consoles yog siv raws li ib tug zauv nyob rau hauv cov nram no mob:
Hard thiab kho qhov muag drives. Lawv ntim hmoov txhuas nyob rau decimal megabytes. Exception: CD, uas nws muaj peev xwm yog qhia nyob rau hauv binary. - Kev sib txuas lus. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm roughly npawv. Piv txwv li, lub volume ntawm txog 10 lab bytes ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yuav tau hais tias nws "nyhav" 10 megabytes. Yuav ua li cas peb pom no? Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub bytes nyob rau hauv megabytes kis yog tsis nkaus muaj tseeb, tab sis kev sib txuas lus yog noj qhov chaw.
- Los ntawm telecommunication kev twb kev txuas ceev. Piv txwv li, muab lub 100BASE-TX txheem. Nyob rau hauv nws 100 Mbit / s cov ntaub ntawv tus nqi sau raws nkaus Ii raws nraim 100 lab khoom / s. Cia saib ib tug ntau "nimble" compound nrog ib tug 10 Gbit / s (10GBASE-X standard). Nws hnov raws nraim 10 billion khoom / s. Tus ntawd yog nws. Thiab tsis yog ib tug me ntsis ntau tshaj los sis tsawg dua.
Tab sis nrog ib tug peb-inch muag nthas disks 1,44 MB (nco ntsoov cov neeg?) Yog txawm ntau nthuav. Lawv muaj peev xwm yog qhia nyob rau hauv lub binary-coded zauv megabytes. Nws twb npaj raws li nram no. Ib tug xws li "megabytes" yog KiB yog 1000, uas yog kwv yees li 0,977 MiB, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm 1 KiB equaled 1024 bytes.
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias muaj yog ib tug sib txawv ntawm cov ob qho kev xaiv kev mloog lus consoles. Thaum nyob rau hauv rooj plaub kilobytes nws tsis pub tshaj 2.4%, ces rau ib lub megabyte yog twb 4.9% mus rau GB - 7.4%, thiab rau terabyte - yuav luag 10%. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tsis nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm tus binary sawv cev. E. "Nyiag" peb manufacturers bytes. Piv txwv li, yuav ib tug nyuaj tsav peev xwm ntawm 1 kab mob TB. Raws li ib tug neeg uas tau kawm computer science, koj piously ntseeg tau hais tias muaj 1099511627776 bytes. Thiab nws puv tawm - "tsuas" 1000000000000. ntawd yog, koj tau "tom tawm" ntau tshaj 99.5 billion bytes (kwv yees li 98 GB). Ib tug ntau los yog ib tug me ntsis? Roughly - los ntawm 40 mus 200 tag nrho-ntev films, nyob ntawm seb lub hom. Tsis muaj dab tsi hais txog dab tsi? E., Raws li sau saum toj no, lub thib kaum.
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