Yog vim li cas Ivan Grozny tua nws tus tub Ivan? Yog Ivan Grozny tua nws tus tub?

Cov muaj koob muaj npe tsev ntawm Lub Xya hli ntuj 3, 1583 tshwm sim ib qho ntawm feem mysterious thiab qhia killings ntawm lub thib kaum caug xyoo. Tus tub ntawm Ivan qhov txaus ntshai, Ivan Ivanovich, raug tua los ntawm nws tus kheej txiv. Nyob rau hauv ib tug haum ntawm txoj kev chim siab tus huab tais prodded lawv cov offspring uas muaj ib tug neeg ua hauj lwm lub zog nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev. Lub hit yog leej thiab muaj zog - lub crown None tuag rau ntawm qhov chaw. Tsab yog tus tub ntawm Ivan Grozny tua! Feem ntau cov hlub, cov laus, ib tug nyob rau hauv uas muaj kev cia siab, vim hais tias tus thib ob ntawm nws xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv, Theodore, los kav lub teb chaws yog tsis npaj txhij yuav pib.

Tshaj yav dhau los ntau tshaj plaub puas thiab tsib caug xyoo yav dhau los overgrown nrog ntau legends, muab tso rau pem hauv ntej ib tug txawv version ntawm dab tsi tshwm sim. Nws yog tseem tsis muab lub caij nyoog hnub ntawm txoj kev tuag ntawm cov yas tub huabtais. Ib txhia soj ntsuam tau pom hais tias tus xwm txheej no coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv rov qab 1581, nyob rau hauv Kaum ib hlis, lwm leej lwm tus hu nyob rau hauv 1582, thiab tus thib peb, uas feem coob, tseem ua raws li cov hnub ntawm Lub Xya hli ntuj 3, 1583. By thiab loj, cov zauv yog tsis yog li ntawd ib qho tseem ceeb, lub ntsiab hauj lwm - to taub yog vim li cas Ivan Grozny tua nws tus tub, thiab yog hais tias nws tua nws nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov? Sim kom to taub.

Tus thawj version. nom tswv

Nikolai Karamzin nyob rau hauv nws "History" tshaj tawm hais tias lub stumbling block ntawm leej txiv thiab tus tub los ua ib tug politician. Sau nrog ib tug noble zeal yas None tuaj rau cov niam txiv thiab demanded qhov kev tso tawm ntawm Pskov, rau ntiab tawm tus yeeb ncuab, los tus yawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman. Nyob rau hauv ib tug npau taws heev heev, John quaj tawm hais tias nws tus tub ua ke nrog rau cov boyars xav dethrone nws, thiab tsa nws txhais tes. Nws sim kom Boris Godunov, tab sis tus huab tais rau nws ntse pas nrig ntaus nobleman ob peb wounds, thiab ces slammed lub taub hau ntawm lub Crown tub huabtais. Nws poob, them nrog cov ntshav. Tuag Ivan - tus tub Ivana Groznogo - yog instantaneous. Nws yog noteworthy tias cov version uas Karamzin xam tau tias yog muaj tseeb, yog Ameslikas muab tso rau pem hauv ntej los ntawm Antonio Possevino, lub papal legate, leej twg, ntxhias, yog, yog hais tias tsis feem ntau xav pov thawj, nws tsis yog raws nraim ywj siab. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg ntawm daim ntawv no yog ib co questionable, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim tsis muaj lwm yam pov thawj ntawm nws yog tsis paub tseeb hais tias. Ces yog vim li cas Ivan Grozny tua nws tus tub? Mus tom ntej.

Qhov thib ob version. txhua hnub

Tsuas yog officially huab tais John V. yuav txiv tsawg kawg yog xya lub sij hawm. Raws li koj paub, kua ntog los ntawm tsob ntoo nyob ze. Yog li ntawd, cov tub ntxhais yas None ntawm nws txiv sim kom mus. Nws thawj thawj tus poj niam yog tus ntxhais ntawm Saburova Eudoxia Bogdanova, tom qab ib tug ua tsis tau tejyam kev sib yuav, nws twb forcibly tonsured raws li ib tug nun. Ob txhais tus poj niam, Feodosiyu Mihaylovu, Solovova tus ntxhais, raug kev txom nyem tib txoj hmoo - nws lub neej nws tas nyob rau hauv ib tug monastery. Los ntawm 1583 Ivan twb sib yuav rau tus ntxhais ntawm cov hluas tshaj ntawm cov kwv tij Sheremetyevo, Elena. Ib thaum sawv ntxov, John V. pom lub cev xeeb tub poj niam ntawm tus Crown Prince of kev daim ntawv: txoj siv tawv nws twb tsis khi li, thiab mus dav qhib rau ib tug sib yuav poj niam yog tsis daig. Tus huab tais npau taws thiab nplawm ob peb zoo blows tus ntxhais. Helen poob thiab ntaus, thiab tau poob lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm tus me nyuam thaum hmo ntuj. Ces yas None khiav mus rau hauv lub chav tsev thiab pib cem nws tus txiv, nws sawv rau nws tus poj niam, rau nws yog nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev ua hauj lwm. Nws hloov tawm, yog vim li cas Ivan Grozny tua nws tus tub! Txawm li cas los, thiab ntawm no nws tsis yog tseeb. Tus sau ntawm no version tau txais kev pab tag nrho cov tib Antonio Possevino, uas yog pab rau las ib ruthless kav synoubiytsey nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav legitimize lub European Inquisition. Yog li ntawd yog dab tsi ua tau tshwm sim?

Qhov thib peb version. hlub

Lavxias teb sab Tsar yog heev tshaib plab rau ib tug poj niam thiab, nyob rau lub pov thawj, tsis muaj ib tug tiab tu. Muaj ib hnub twg nyob rau hauv pawg ntseeg, nws tau ntsib Helen, tus poj niam ntawm Tsarevich Ivan, uas peb twb hais tias, thiab tau pib yuam nws mus rau cohabit. Nws tsis yog lub npe hu hais tias nws thiaj li los ua John V. snohachom (nyob rau hauv Russia tau ntev txij li thaum hu ua tus txiv neej uas muab qhia ib tug poj niam thiab nws tus tub), tab sis tus hluas ntxhais fuabtais hais rau nws tus txiv hais txog kev tsim txom, thiab nws txiav txim siab los nrhiav kom paub cov kev sib raug zoo nrog nws leej txiv. Yuav ua li cas nws yog tag nrho tshaj, peb paub. Tus tub Ivana Groznogo, Ivan, poob nrog ib tug pob tuam tsev, thiab nws tus poj niam tom qab tej lub sij hawm, twb raug xa mus rau ib tug monastery. Tab sis yog nws tag nrho tiag tiag tshwm sim?

Qhov thib plaub version. rebut

Historians uas nyob ntau tom qab, Ivan Vasilyevich thiab nws tus tub, xav: "Tiam sis yog tias Ivan Grozny tua nws tus tub?" Tej zaum nws yog ib tug fascinating lus dab neeg? Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, disinformation thiab hais lus phem? Tseeb, nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawd qhov tseeb synoubiystva ua loj loj xav phem cais tsis. Yuav kom to taub yog vim li cas nws yog tsim nyog los tsis ntseeg, tig mus rau lub 1883-1885 cov ntaub ntawv - lub sij hawm, thaum ntawm nyob rau hauv lub tes ntawm tus naas ej Lavxias teb sab artist los sis Repina yog ib tug ua hauj lwm ntawm art "Ivan qhov txaus ntshai thiab nws tus Tub Kaum ib hlis 16, 1581".

Painting "Ivan Grozny tua nws tus tub"

Nws yog nyob rau hauv no lub npe los ua lub npe hu mus rau lub pej xeem painting, uas qhia tau hais tias yuav ua li cas lub Lavxias teb sab Tsar Tsarevich ntaus ib tug hauv ntiaj teb no tshuab. Nyob rau hauv ntaub pua plag liab them nrog cov qauv nyob rau hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo Chambers lus dag nyob ze ntawm lub ntxeev zwm txwv ces muab pov tseg pas nrig, thiab nyob rau hauv lub plawv lag, ob nuj nqis illuminated txiv, uas tau ua phem xwb nyob rau hauv ib tug haum ntawm npau taws irreparable, thiab tus tub uas tuag nyob rau hauv nws caj npab. Tag kev cia siab, tsis kawg kev hlub thiab ntshai heev lub ntsej muag qhia Ivan Vasilyevich, nws frantically puag Crown tub huabtais, sim kom txhob rau los ntshav los tuav lub kiav txhab nyob rau hauv nws lub taub hau, thiab tus tub, zam txim txiv crouches rau hauv nws lub hauv siab. Ua tem toob huab tais tsos nrog aggravated nta ntawm lub looks nyob rau hauv lawv cov bewilderment nyob rau tib lub sij hawm pathetic thiab scary. Ivan lub ntsej muag piv nrog nws ntau "muaj txoj sia", tshwm sim, thiab tus kheej. Thov txim rau kuv txiv nyob rau Crown tub huabtais, nws pom tau tias ib tug txiav txim zoo ntawm kev zam txim, nws elevates nws saum toj no tag nrho cov petty passions unworthy ntawm tus txiv neej, uas ua qhov ua rau ntawm nws txoj kev tuag, purify tus ntsuj plig. Hais tias yog dab tsi qhia tau hais tias cov painting "Ivan Grozny tua nws tus tub."

Hmoo khoom Repin

Tam sim no lub web yog muab cia rau hauv Moscow, lub Tretyakov Gallery. Ib pab pawg neeg ntawm Orthodox activists thiab historians nyob rau hauv 2013 tau thov kom tshem tawm nws los yeej muaj, vim nws offends lub patriotic txoj kev xav ntawm lub Russians. Daim ntawv thov tau tsis pom zoo. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias, qhov no tsis yog thawj zaug nres rau ntawm lub painting. Thaum nws twb xub hais rau cov pej xeem nyob rau hauv lub 13th mus txawv tebchaws exhibition, tag nrho cov ntawm St. Petersburg yog agog. Cov neeg tuaj saib cia besieged los ntawm lub tsev nyob qhov twg lub painting dai. Twb rhuab sib cav tswv yim: cov intellectuals thiab hnyav hluas sai admired, thaum lwm tus neeg Petersburgers twb rov: "Yuav ua li cas yuav koj qhia synoubiystvo" Ntawm cov neeg uas ua hauj lwm tsis nyiam yog tus huab tais Alexander III ntawm, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub Plaub Hlis 1, 1885 nws tau raug txwv los ntawm qhia tau tias. Nws yog thawj tug duab tau undergone nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws censored. Txawm li cas los, tom qab peb lub hlis ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm ze rau lub tsev hais plaub los ntawm A. Bogolyubov txiav npluav twb tsa.

Thiab yog hais tias tus tua neeg yog?

Nyob rau tib lub exhibition nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg nyob rau hauv 1885 painting "Ivan Grozny tua nws tus tub" twb pom los ntawm tus neeg zoo tshaj Lavxias teb sab txawj xav thiab cov thawj ntawm cov procurator ntawm tus Vaj Ntsuj Synod, Konstantin Pobedonostsev. Nws twb angered los ntawm nws zaj dabneeg, vim hais tias, nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, cov ntawv tseeb dhau tawm raws li qhov tseeb. Pobedonostsev sau rau Alexander III ib tsab ntawv nyob rau hauv uas nws hais tias nws yog ib tug ua hauj lwm ntawm art yuav tsis tau hu ua historic vim hais tias nws sawv cev lub sij hawm ntawd yog purely zoo heev. Yuav ua li cas yog li ntawd? Peb yeej ib txwm tham txog cov kev tua neeg ntawm Tsarevich Ivan Vasilyevich John raws li ib tug indisputable qhov tseeb, txawm nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv phau ntawv sau hais txog qhov no nyob rau hauv qhov piv txwv ntawm dab tsi phem distinguished Lavxias teb sab autocracy. Tsis txog rau thaum xaus nws yog tseeb xwb vim li cas Ivan Grozny tua nws tus tub. Thiab yuav ua li cas tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv no poob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntaub ntawv, tsis muaj leej twg xav tias.

ua txoj kev tshwm sim

Nyob rau hauv 1913, muaj ib yam dab tsi coj txawv txawv nyob rau hauv lub Tretyakov Gallery. Thaum saib paintings los sis Repina "Ivan qhov txaus ntshai thiab nws tus Tub Kaum ib hlis 16, 1581" cov neeg pleev kob Anplahas Balashov qw: "Ntau npaum li cas cov ntshav!" Ces nws lashed tawm ntawm lub painting nrog ib tug riam thiab slashed nws. Tam sim ntawd Repin tuaj txog nyob rau hauv Moscow ua ke nrog Igorem Grabarem, nws tus qub tub ntxhais kawm ntawv thiab ib tug naas ej restorer, kho. Cov xovxwm twb tau ib tug painting tau txais ib qho uas nws kim heev teb twb txawm teem sib cav tswv yim nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev yuav ua li cas neeg zoo tib yam hais txog rau cov duab muaj koob muaj npe tug neeg. Repin mam li nco dheev liam ntawm txhob txwm tshaj tawm provoking neeg rau aggression thiab ib tug tsis muaj kev nkag siab ntawm qhov teeb meem no sawv nyob rau hauv Russia. Cov artist yog tsis meej pem thiab heev tag kev cia siab. Nws chim siab thiab txiav txim siab los tawm Moscow, yuav tsis tuaj mus rau lub zos no.

Los ntawm uas nws tuag Tsarevich?

Tsam Ladoga thiab St. Petersburg, John, nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv "Autocracy Ntsuj Plig" tsis kam muab tus tua thiab hais tias txoj kev tuag ntawm cov tub Ivana Groznogo tuaj vim hais tias ntawm ib tug mob loj. Tseeb, nyob rau hauv fwm keeb kwm ntaub ntawv tsis yog ib lo lus hais txog synoubiystve. Tab sis qhia heev heev yam, pov thawj hais tias lub crown None tau tuag raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm kev qaug tshuaj lom. B. Manyagin nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm ntawm 2003, "Tus thawj coj ntawm lub Koom Txoos nyaum" sau tias Ivan taug nrog corrosive sublimate - ib tug tshuaj lom uas yuav ua rau ib tug mob tuag hais tias koj noj nws nyob rau hauv ib tug npaum li ntawm 0,18 grams.

exhumation

Nyob rau hauv lub thawj tubtxib saum ntuj Cathedral nyob rau hauv lub Kremlin nyob rau hauv 1963, lawv qhib lub qhov ntxa plaub: commander Skopin-Shumsky, Tsarevich Ivan, Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, Tsar Fedor Ivanovich. Thaum lub sij hawm seem ntawm txoj kev tshawb, soj ntsuam ntawm pom tias nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov plaub skeletons muaj roughly sib npaug zos cov nqi ntawm cov arsenic, thiab nws tsis pub dhau lub cai. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv cov pob txha ntawm Tsarevich Ivan thiab Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich pom lub xub ntiag ntawm mercury nyob rau hauv koob tshuaj ntau npaum li cas ntau tshaj li qhov permissible cai. Ib txhia historians tau sib cav hais tias nws tsis yog lom, thiab cov teebmeem ntawm cov kev kho mob ntawm syphilis nrog mercury tshuaj pleev. Tab sis raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb pom tsis muaj syphilitic hloov nyob rau hauv qhov seem ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub muaj koob muaj npe tsev neeg.

tshiab tseeb

Nyob rau hauv 1990, ib tug kev tshawb no yog ua burials zoo Moscow poj vaj thiab vaj ntxwv. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nws twb pom hais tias Elena Glinskaya, niam Ivana Groznogo, leej twg tuag nyob rau hauv 1538, thiab Anastasia Romanova, nws thawj tus poj niam, leej twg tuag nyob rau hauv 1560-m, tau raug tshuaj lom los ntawm mercuric chloride. Hais tias yog, tus muaj koob muaj npe tsev neeg yog ib tug tsim txom los ntawm kev qaug tshuaj lom rau ob peb decades. Cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov no thiab lwm yam kev tshawb fawb coj mus rau lub xaus hais tias cov tua neeg ntawm tus tub ntawm Ivana Groznogo txiv - ib tug ntawv tseeb, tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb nws twb raug tshuaj lom, nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm no txhais lus yog hais tias nws tseem lub tshuaj lom cov ntsiab lus tshaj cov cai txwv ntau lub sij hawm. Yog li science version ntawm synoubiystve categorically tsis.