Xoob hloov: cov keeb kwm, tseem ceeb, tam sim no. Me me me npib ntawm txawv teb chaws

Me npib uas yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv txhua lub teb chaws, nyob rau hauv tej lub nroog ua cov kev kawm laij ntawm cov neeg: rau cov purchase ntawm cov zaub mov thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb cov khoom, cov kev pab tau txais. Nyob rau ntau lub teb chaws, petty nyiaj ntsuab yog sib txawv heev los ntawm txhua lwm yam, nyob ntawm seb cov hauj lwm txiaj.

Xoob hloov: tam sim no tus nqi

Qhov no kab lus peb hu me me banknotes, uas nws lub ntsiab muaj nuj nqi yog mus pauv ntawm lub loj txhais tau tias cov kev them nyiaj thiab raws li ntau li ntau tau lub caij nyoog muab xam los ntawm cov buyer thiab muag khoom. Cov ntsiab yog heev sai sai tig ib ncig thiab yeej tseem zoo hnav lawv feem ntau muaj rau tsim. Yog li ntawd, lawv ntaus los ntawm pheej yig dua cov ntaub ntawv tshaj precious hlau. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim, lub sij hawm "xoob hloov" yog nyob ze rau qhov no txhais: kev yuav khoom hwj chim them nqi txhais tau tias tus nqi siab ntawm hlau los yog hlau los ntawm uas cov nyiaj tau. Qhov no txhob mob ntawm remelting cov pejxeem, raws li zoo raws li lub export ntawm precious hlau. yuav tsis ua li cas tsis nyob rau hauv txhua lub teb chaws ntawm lub txiaj, vim hais tias ua tej yam purchase, txhua leej txhua tus xav kom txuag tau nyiaj thiab tiv thaiv cov nyiaj khwv tau penny. Cia peb kawm saib seb yog dab tsi me me npib nyob rau hauv kev nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws, nrog rau cov nyob rau hauv Russia.

Lavxias teb sab monetary unit: lub keeb kwm

Cov thawj heev me me npib, uas tau nyob rau hauv Russia - yog Pulo thiab nyiaj txiag, ib txhia twb minted nyob rau hauv tooj liab, lwm leej lwm tus - ua los ntawm nyiaj. Nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj Russia pib lawv ntau lawm nyob rau hauv lub XV caug xyoo. Thaum lub sij hawm, qhov ratio ntawm lub thib ob mus rau tus thawj hloov. Muaj keeb kwm ua tim khawv rau lub koob pheej ntawm lawv tib nyiaj 60 thiab 72 Pulo. Nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman, XIX xyoo pua siv nyiaj rau koj. Lawv tag nrho cov hu ua exchanges vim hais tias lawv tsuas siv rau cov kev nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Ntawm no lawv muaj li no:

• nyiaj denominated 20, 15, 10 thiab 5 xees;
• tooj liab denomination ntawm 5, 3, 2 thiab 1 penny npib zoo li (polkopeyki) thiab txiaj xu (quarter penny).

Me Lavxias teb sab nyiaj hnub no

Fractional Lavxias teb sab npib - ib tug Penny. Lub sij hawm dhau nyiaj thiab kub txhais tau tias ntawm kev them nyiaj. Tam sim no cov nyiaj ntsuab hlau qhab nia, denominated hu ua pauv tus nqi (e.g., 1, 2, 5 thiab 10), thiab denominated penny - exchanges. Cov no muaj xws npib nrog ib lub ntsej muag tus nqi ntawm 50, 10, 5 xees thiab 1 penny. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias turnover tsis tshua tau tau kom tau raws li lub 1- thiab 5-penny zaus. Lavxias teb sab Central Bank twb tau txais muaj tu mus lawv lawm. Tab sis, thaum no yog tsis tau nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm qhov tam sim no txoj cai, thiab peb muaj mus ntxiv rau mint cov npib rau kev hloov ntawm lov-tawm, txawm hais tias lawv cov khoom mus rau 15 thiab 73 kopecks rau txhua feem.

Ntsig txog chav tsev ntawm lub tebchaws United States of America

Xoob Hloov US npib nyob rau hauv hnub no txoj kev nkag siab - tej kev them nyiaj meej mom caij ntawm tsawg tshaj li ib duas. Lawv yog cov 50, 25, 10, 5 xees thiab 1 xees. US tam sim no tsim bargaining txog cov nws yog xim hlau moneys tias:

• yog siv los pauv loj;
• Tsuas yog lub xeev-minted (cov neeg tsis tau tso cai rau free co nyiaj npib);
• muaj nyob rau hauv txaus kom muaj nuj nqis rau trading kev pab (a tiv thaiv tawm tsam kev luv nqi hauv qab no lub nominal tus nqi) ;
• tsis minted nyob rau hauv kub, uas yog, los ntawm tus txheej txheem monetary hlau ntawm lub teb chaws;
• puas, nws tau muab lawv ntau tshaj li lub ntsej muag tus nqi ntawm intrinsic tus nqi.

Subdivision British npib

Lub teb chaws txiaj ntawm lub tebchaws United Kingdom ntawm Great teb chaws Aas Kiv (uas muaj xws li Northern Ireland) - British phaus sterling. Qhov no monetary ntsuas kuj yog siv rau ob peb British Islands tuaj (Falkland Islands tuaj, Gibraltar, St. Helena). Lub tsev ua raws li ib tug Penny, plural - pennies. Tus me tshaj bargaining UK npib - ib penny, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub rov qab no kuj siv bank sau ntawv nyob rau hauv denominations ntawm 2 pence, 5, 10 thiab 50 pence. Raws li ib tug tseem ceeb yuav tsum pom piv txwv ntawm tus nqi ntawm 25 (ua los ntawm xyoo 1972 rau 1981) thiab 20 (muaj txij li thaum 1982) pence. Kom txog rau thaum 1992, me me nyiaj minted los ntawm bronze, tab sis tam sim no lawv yog ua los ntawm steel thiab coated nrog tooj liab. Lawv yog cov me ntsis thicker tshaj lawv cov predecessors, tab sis lub cheeb thiab hnyav tsis tau hloov. Cov npib muaj ib daim duab ntawm tus poj huab tais - tam sim no huab tais.

Yuav ua li cas cov nyiaj yuav yuav pab tau nyob rau hauv Qaib Cov Txwv

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, yog tias koj mus nyob rau ib txoj kev taug, mus so nyob rau hauv sov lub teb chaws, nws yog tam sim no zoo rau qhov txhia chaw koj yuav tau them nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj los yog euros. Tab sis cia tus paub dab tsi lub banknotes thiab zoo them nqi tsev siv nyob rau hauv qhov nrov Turkish resorts. Lub teb chaws txiaj ntawm qhov kev pauv tus nqi - nws yog ib tug lyre. Subdivision Qaib ntxhw npib - Kurush. Tag nrho cov nyiaj tsim tsawg kawg yog 1 Lira xam tau tias yog bargaining, thiab qhov no Kurush 1, 5, 10, 25 thiab 50 kuruş. Tag nrho cov npib muaj ib tug portrait ntawm Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, uas yog suav hais tias yog leej txiv ntawm tus Turkish secular hauv lub xeev. Lira pauv tus nqi nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo mus rau lub floating duas. Nws yuav txawv mus txog rau 5% feem pua thaum lub sij hawm hnub, ces peb yuav tsis hais raws nraim li cas yuav ua tau tus piv ntawm ib tug hnub.

Tim lyiv teb chaws txiaj

Lub teb chaws txiaj ntawm lub teb chaws - ib phaus sib npaug zos rau 100 piastres. Cia li piastres - ib tug me me npib (tim lyiv teb chaws thiab Sudan, tej chaw siv nws niaj hnub no). Nyob rau hauv lub rov qab muaj banknotes nominal tus nqi ntawm 25 thiab 50. Nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm nrog rau lawv siv lub 5- thiab 10-piastrovye npib, tab sis tam sim no lawv tsis tshua muaj. Tsav ntsiab yuav pom nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm Cleopatra los yog minted lub npe ntawm lub xeev. Lawv yog ua los ntawm steel, thiab ces coated nrog tooj dag. Nyob rau hauv lub resort lub zos ntawm cov teb chaws yuav tsum xam nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj los yog euros, nrog rau piastres.

Cov nyiaj them nyob rau hauv Ukraine

Txiaj ntawm no lub teb chaws - lub hryvnia (nyob rau hauv Ukrainian "UAH") - yog sib npaug zos rau 100 kopecks. Tam sim no me me npib ntawm Ukraine - nws yog 1, 2, 5, 10, 25 thiab 50 xees. Them caij nyob rau hauv denominations ntawm 1 hryvnia yog suav tias yog txawv teb chaws pauv. Banknotes ntawm 1, 2 xees thiab 5 xees no yog ua los ntawm steel hlau, thiab ntau dua kev - dag los yog txhuas bronze. Lawv tag nrho cov muaj ib tug lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm Ukraine.

Fractional banknotes siv nyob rau hauv lub Nordic lub teb chaws

Yog li ntawd peb hu ib thaj av nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb ntawm teb chaws Europe, nrog nws tus kheej keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai, uas muaj xws li Norway, Sweden, Denmark thiab Iceland. Qhov no yog cov tsoos "muaj pes tsawg leeg", raws li nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub rau cov teb chaws twb ntxiv ntxiv, thiab Finland. Tag nrho cov ntawm cov kas no heev txawv txawv thiab zoo sib xws cov dab neeg nrog lub teb chaws cov placebo. Cia peb kawm saib yog hais tias tus euro lub teb chaws (vim hais tias lawv nyob rau hauv lub EU) los yog muaj lawv cov moneys, seb bargaining Scandinavia npib muaj?

Sweden thiab Norway

Lub teb chaws txiaj ntawm Sweden - Swedish krona, uas yog sib npaug zos rau 100 era. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias lub xeev no yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub EU, feem ntau ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws tiv thaiv cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov euro. By uas thov tsuas cov pej xeem ntawm nroog loj, raws li muaj yog ib tug loj influx ntawm tourists, lub volume ntawm kev muag khoom thiab tus naj npawb ntawm huab cua mus txawv tebchaws. Raws li ib tug me me npib 50 protrudes era, nws muaj ib tug loj kwv yees li 1 yas. Ib tug txawv feature ntawm no me me chav tsev ntawm tus account yog hais tias nws qhia tau hais tias peb cov crowns ntawm lub qub qauv ntawv luam thiab monogram ntawm King Carl XVI Gustaf - nyob rau hauv lub tshiab.

Norway kuj muaj ib tug monetary ntsuas - Norwegian krone, uas yog sib npaug zos rau 100 era. Txawm li cas los, keeb kwm, sau nqi tag nrho cov hlau ntsiab 1, 2, 5, 10, 25 thiab 50 era ntawm niaj hnub no tawm tuaj ntawm ib tug tig. Qhov kawg me me kis ntawm denomination ntawm 50 era tau tau rho los ntawm kev siv nyob rau hauv 2012. Yog li ntawd peb yuav hais tias nyob rau hauv Norway muaj yog tsis muaj sib puav ntawm cov hlau txiaj, tsuas yog tus tam sim no 1, 5, 10 thiab 20 crowns, raws li zoo raws li sau ntawv loj denomination. Norway tsis yog ib feem ntawm lub EU, yog li ntawd muaj tsis muaj kev pab them nqi los txais yuav lub euro.

Denmark thiab Iceland

Nyob rau hauv Iceland, rau suav siv ISK. Nws kuj yog 100 Eire, tab sis lawv tuaj tawm ntawm kev kho mob ua ntej lawm tshaj nyob rau hauv Norway - nyob rau hauv 1995. Nyob rau hauv 2002, tsoom fwv dhau ib tug kev cai lij choj nyob rau hauv uas lub 2003 bargaining Iceland npib tsis muaj nyob officially, thiab lub crown yog tsis exchanged. Koj yuav saib tau cov khoom of 1, 5, 10, 50 thiab 100 crowns.

Denmark, txawm hais tias nws yog ib feem ntawm rau 12 xyoos nyob rau hauv cov European Union yog tsis yog ib tug mej zeej ntawm lub zej lub zos. Zoo li tag nrho cov Nordic lub teb chaws, siv nws lub teb chaws txiaj - lub Danish krone, thiab muaj tsis muaj kev pab them nqi rau txoj kev hloov mus rau lub euro, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm ib tug referendum nyob rau hauv 2000 tsom. Denmark me me npib yog nyob 1, 2, 5, 10, 25 thiab 50 uas muaj hnub nyoog.

Ib tug ntau yam ntawm kev cuv npe ntawm cov European Union txiaj

Cov European Community siv rau tag nrho cov suav lub euro txiaj, sib npaug zos rau 100 euro xees. Ua tso tawm sib puav units 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 thiab 50 xees. Aversa (pem hauv ntej sab) ntawm cov nyiaj npib ntawm tib denomination yog tib yam, tab sis reverses txawv rau lub xeev, lawv ua. Nws yog heev nthuav mus sau ib tug tag nrho sau los hloov kos npe rau ntawm lub European Union, vim hais tias txhua tus ntawm lawv yog tseem cia nrog, muaj ib tug thawj duab ntawm ib lub teb chaws. Nws yuav nyuaj heev kom tau xwb monetary ntsiab los ntawm Vatican thiab Monaco, raws li lawv me me thaj tsam yog tsis conducive mus rau lub ntau lawm ntawm ib tug loj consignment ntawm cov khoom thiab nws cov dav tis. Npib 1, 2 thiab 5 xees manufactured los ntawm steel coated tooj liab, thiab 10, 20 thiab 50 - los ntawm ib tug hlau ntawm tooj liab, zinc, tin thiab txhuas, uas zoo xws li kub thiab 20 dimes muaj me me barbs rau lub sidewall.

Ntawm no yog ib co ntawm lub teb chaws thiab cov duab nyob rau hauv lub rov qab ntawm lawv cov me me npib:

• Austria: alpine paj grechavki, edelweiss, primrose (primula alpine), St. Stephen lub Cathedral nyob rau hauv Vienna, lub ntsiab rooj vag mus rau lub Upper Belvedere nrog tus caj npab ntawm tub huabtais Evgeniya Savoyskogo, Vienna Secession (lub cim ntawm ib tug choj ntawm lub ntsig txog lub nruab);
• Belgium: King Albert Profile II;
• Vatican: portrait ntawm Benedict XVI;
• Lub teb chaws Yelemees: Oak ceg, lub rooj vag Brandenburg nyob rau hauv Berlin;
• Tim Nkij teb chaws: Athenian trireme, ib tug corvette, ib tug marine tanker, portrait Rigas Fereosa portrait Kapodistriya Ioannisa, portrait Eleftherios Venizelos;
• Ireland: Celtic harp;
• Spain Cathedral ntawm St. James nyob rau hauv Santiago de Compostela, ib tug portrait ntawm Miguel de Cervantes;
• Cyprus: ib ob peb ntawm moufflons, lub nkoj "Kyrenia" nyob rau hauv sail;
• Luxembourg Duke Anri Lyuksemburgskogo profile;
• Latvia: me me thiab cov loj loj tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab hauv lub koom pheej ntawm Latvia;
• Malta: Mnajdra tuam tsev complex, emblem ntawm Malta;
• Monaco: lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab thiab tsiaj hiav txwv ntawm lub Grimaldi dynasty;
• Netherlands poj huab tais Beatrix ntawm lub profile;
• Slovakia: Mount Krivan (array High Tatras), Bratislava Tsev fuabtais Tsev fuabtais;
• Fabkis: collective duab ntawm ib tug hluas nkauj thiab Marianne-tseb nplej.

Qhov no tsuas yog ib tug ib nrab daim ntawv teev cov dluab swap nyiaj los ntawm txawv teb chaws. Cov neeg uas yog fond ntawm Numismatics, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo-paub yus nta ntawm txhua me me npib. Tej zaum, koj yuav tsum xav saib seb nws zoo li tag nrho cov no muaj ntau haiv neeg. Mus saib Club numismatists los yog ib tug exhibition thiab qhuas qhov wealth ntawm me me npib!