Xeem tus ntoo khaub lig

Test ntoo khaub lig - ib tug ntoo khaub lig-yug me nyuam ntawm hybrid cov neeg uas tshwj xeeb analyzer. Raws li ib tug analyzer xaiv homozygous ib tug neeg, uas nws recessive kev zoo losis phem twb xav nyob rau hauv lub phenotype. Test ntoo khaub lig lug siv rau tsob nroj yug me nyuam thiab noob caj noob ces los mus txiav txim lub genotype.

Raws li yog lub npe hu, raws li cov kev cai ntawm noob caj noob ces, nrog rau cov recessive kev zoo losis phem monohybrid ntoo khaub lig tsis tshwm sim nyob rau hauv thawj tiam. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob tiam, nws zoo nkaus li tsuas yog nyob rau ib-thib kaum ntawm cov neeg. Recessive kev zoo losis phem yog muab cia rau hauv lub genotype ntawm cov thawj tiam ntawm cov tib neeg, tiam sis nws tsis qhia lawv externally. Yog li, tus neeg thawj tiam muaj ib tug recessive genotype, phenotype tsis txawv los ntawm monohybrid nrws rau ib tug tseem ceeb kev zoo losis phem. Test ntoo khaub lig aims muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov muaj los yog tsis muaj ib tug recessive kev zoo losis phem nyob rau hauv lub genotype.

Xav txog cov mechanism ntawm kev txiav txim genotype ntawm tus neeg gray yoov. Grey xim yog ib tug tseem ceeb kev zoo losis phem nyob rau hauv relation mus rau lub dub coloring ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab lub cev. Biologist crosses gray yoov nrog dub thiab ntsuas lub resulting offspring. Yog hais tias tag nrho cov neeg muaj gray xim, ces kawm yoov tsuas yog hom nyob rau hauv lub genotype. Yog hais tias ib nrab ntawm lub resulting yoov muaj xim dub, nws tseem tau mus xav hais tias lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug recessive kev zoo losis phem.

Nrog tsis tiav dominance ntawm txhua genotype sau raws nkaus Ii lawv phenotype. Yuav kom txiav txim seb puas muaj cai nyob rau hauv cov tib neeg tau kos npe rau cov kev tshwm sim ntawm tsis tiav dominance los yog nws tus kheej kos npe rau tso cia txhob, nws tseem yog tsim nyog rau kev xeem tus ntoo khaub lig. Yog hais tias tus cwj pwm uas nyob rau hauv lo lus nug yog lub txiaj ntsim ntawm tsis tiav dominance, ces yuav muaj ntxiv nws "tsis meej pem" nrog rau cov recessive kev zoo losis phem analyzer. Yog hais tias lub tag yog ywj siab, nws yuav dhau unchanged tag nrho cov tib neeg, yog hais tias tus xeem tshem me me yog homozygous, los yog ib txhia neeg, yog hais tias nws yog heterozygous. Piv txwv li, yog hais tias tus hla ntawm liab thiab dawb paj muab ib lub teeb liab, muaj yog tsis tag dominance. Yog hais tias tag nrho cov hybrids ntawm thawj thiaj li muaj liab paj, ces qhov no feature yog incorporated nyob rau hauv allele li ywj siab thiab hom nyob dawb. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus neeg yog homozygous soj ntsuam. Yog hais tias ib feem ntawm lub hybrids txais lub liab xim ntawm lub tej nplaim, thiab lwm tus ib feem yog kis tau dawb, liab yog ib tug kos npe rau ntawm ib qho kev ywj, hom, soj ntsuam tus neeg yog tus genotype ob cim.

Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, los mus txiav txim lub genotype yog tsis ib txwm txaus yuav ua rau ib txoj kev kuaj tus ntoo khaub lig. Piv txwv li ntog nyob rau hauv lub qeb ntawm kev zam tej zaum yuav piav raws li ib tug ntawm peb txoj kev nonallelic noob sis: epistasis, polymers los yog complementarity.

Thaum epistasis manifestation ib allelic ob peb noob repressed noob sab nraum lub lwm allelic khub. Suppressors yuav nqa ob hom thiab recessive kev zoo losis phem. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm epistasis nyob rau hauv lub hla ntawm homozygous neeg nrog liab paj (hom) thiab homozygous neeg nrog dawb paj (recessive kev zoo losis phem) nyob rau hauv thawj tiam ntawm hybrids yuav tsuas nroj tsuag nrog liab paj, thiab lub thib ob - 3/4 hybrids yuav muaj ib tug liab xim, 3 / 16 - dawb thiab 1/16 inherit tus cwj pwm lwm alleles (e.g., daj).

lub piv txwv nram qab no yog los piav cov kev ua ntawm lub phenomenon ntawm polymer. Lub paj muaj ob peb heterozygous alleles kev coj tus kheej tej yam tshwm sim ntawm liab (hom) thiab dawb (recessive) xim ntawm petals. Qhov ntau hybrids ntawm ob tiam ntawm recessive cov tib neeg, cov hniav dawb paj. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug neeg alleles li ib tug tseem ceeb kev zoo losis phem nrog, los yog tsis, thaj pom ib yam dab tsi nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov cim qhia. Nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim genotype kev ntsuas tus ntoo khaub lig polymer yog yooj yim meej pem nrog tsis tiav dominance.

Thaum complementarity nonallelic noob complemented txhua lwm yam thiab pab txhawb kom pab tau tsim ib tug tshiab kev zoo losis phem.