Xav: Cov Lighthouse of Alexandria

Ib tug ntawm xya kev xav ntawm lub ntiaj teb no yog lub Lighthouse of Alexandria - qauv, ua rau cov kob ntawm Pharos nyob rau hauv lub thib peb xyoo pua BC. Tsev yog nyob ze tus naas ej Iyiv nroog ntawm Alexandria, nyob rau hauv no kev twb kev txuas, thiab muab nws ib lub npe. Lwm cov kev xaiv yuav tsum yog tus kab lus "Farossky beacon" - lub npe ntawm cov kob uas nws yog nyob rau.

destiny

Thawj xav ntawm lub ntiaj teb - Lighthouse of Alexandria - yog Ameslikas tsim los pab cov neeg tsav nkoj strayed xav mus cuag cov ntug dej, rhuav reefs yam xyuam xim. Thaum tsaus ntuj, txoj kev zes taws thiab teeb liab kab teeb ntawm lub teeb emanating los ntawm ib tug loj loj hluav taws kub, thiab nyob rau hauv lub yav tav su - plumes ntawm pa luam yeeb emanating los ntawm qhov hluav taws kub, nyob rau hauv lub saum toj ntawm lub marine pej thuam. Lighthouse of Alexandria tau rau siab ntseeg rau ze li ntawm ib txhiab xyoo, tab sis nws twb heev phem heev puas los ntawm ib tug av qeeg nyob rau hauv 796 BC. Tom qab no av qeeg puas tau kaw tsib haib heev thiab ntev-ntev aftershocks uas thaum kawg coj mus rau qhov no zoo kawg li ua hauj lwm ntawm tib neeg txhais tes. Ntawm chav kawm, nws twb tsis yog ua rau sis, tab sis tag nrho cov me nyuam no tau tsuas coj mus rau dab tsi yog sab laug ntawm nws ib tug me me fortress, ua los ntawm Sultan Qaitbay nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th. Nws yog ib qhov muaj zog thiab yuav pom niaj hnub no. Nws - tag nrho cov uas seem ntawm no zoo kawg li tib neeg creation.

zaj dabneeg

Wb delve rau hauv lub keeb kwm thiab paub yuav ua li cas zoo ua no xav ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, vim hais tias nws yog tiag tiag exciting thiab nthuav. Yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam tau tshwm sim, ib co nta ntawm kev tsim kho thiab nws cov hom phiaj - tag nrho cov no peb yuav qhia rau koj hauv qab no, tsis txhob yuav tub nkeeg cia li nyeem.

Qhov twg yog qhov Lighthouse of Alexandria

Cov lighthouse ua tau nyob rau hauv ib tug me me kob hu ua Pharos, uas yog nyob rau hauv Alexandria lub shores nyob rau hauv lub Mediterranean. Tag nrho cov keeb kwm ntawm no lighthouse yog Ameslikas txuam nrog rau lub npe ntawm tus poj conqueror Aleksandra Makedonskogo. Nws yog tus creator ntawm cov thawj zem ntawm lub ntiaj teb no - tej yam uas boasts tag nrho ntawm cov tib neeg. Nyob rau qhov no kob, Aleksandr Veliky txiav txim siab mus nrhiav kom tau ib tug loj qhov chaw nres nkoj, uas nws tau ua nyob rau hauv 332 BC, thaum lub sij hawm nws mus ntsib mus rau tim lyiv teb chaws. Cov kev siv tau txais ob lub npe: thawj - nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm ib tug neeg uas txiav txim siab los tsim nws, thiab lub thib ob - tom qab lub npe ntawm cov kob uas nws yog nyob rau. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau tej zoo-paub lighthouse Conqueror txiav txim siab los tsim txawm tib lub nroog - ib yam ntawm cov coob ports nyob rau hauv lub Mediterranean. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws lub neej, Alexander lub Great ua txog kaum yim cov kev cai hu ua "Alexandria", tab sis qhov no kuj yog keeb kwm thiab yog lub npe hu rau hnub no. Nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw nws ua tau rau hauv lub nroog, thiab tsuas yog tom qab nws lub ntsiab attraction. Chiv, qhov kev siv ntawm cov lighthouse yuav tsum tau ploj mus 20 xyoo, tab sis nws muaj nws yog. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem xwb 5 xyoo, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov kev phem ntawm no, lub tsev tau pom lub ntiaj teb no tsuas nyob rau hauv 283 BC, tom qab kev tuag Aleksandra Makedonskogo - nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm Ptolemy II, cov tsoom fwv - tus huab tais ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws.

siv nta

Aleksandr Makedonsky txiav txim kom zoo zoo txoj kev ua tus teeb meem ntawm qhov kev siv. Raws li tau teev nyob rau hauv ib txhia qhov chaw, ntau tshaj ob xyoos nws tau xaiv qhov chaw rau qhov kev siv ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj. Conqueror tsis xav tau los ua ib lub nroog nyob rau hauv lub delta ntawm tus dej Nile, uas nws pom ib tug zoo heev hloov. Cov kev siv qhov chaw ntawm pitched nees nkaum mais rau sab qab teb, nyob ze ntawm lub qhuav li lub pas dej Mareotis. Yav tas los, muaj ib tug platform Rakotis Iyiv lub nroog, uas nyob rau hauv lem thawm lub me ntsis tag nrho kev tsim kho cov txheej txheem. Tag nrho cov kev pab cuam ntawm qhov chaw yog hais tias cov chaw nres nkoj twb tau mus noj cov hlab los ntawm ob lub Mediterranean Hiav txwv thiab los ntawm cov hav dej Nile, uas yog heev lucrative thiab diplomatically. Qhov no tsis tsuas ntau zog lub profits ntawm lub conqueror, tab sis kuj tau pab nws thiab nws cov thwjtim kom lawv muaj muaj zog ties thiab tub txawj tub ntse thiab seafaring txiv neej nyob lub sij hawm. Lub nroog tswj los mus tsim thaum lub sij hawm lub neej ntawm Macedon, tab sis lub Lighthouse of Alexandria yog thawj txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Ptolemy Soter. Nws yog nws leej twg ua neeg dawb huv tus tsim thiab muab tso rau nws mus rau hauv xyaum.

Lighthouse of Alexandria. yees duab

Nrhiav nyob rau duab, peb yuav pom hais tias tus beacon muaj ob peb "khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg". Peb loj marble yees sawv ntsug nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus loj loj pob zeb blocks, weighing ob peb puas txhiab tons. Tus thawj ntauwd yog zoo li tus zoo li ib tug lossis loj ntau. Hauv nws muaj chav npaj rau cov vaj tse cov tub rog thiab ua hauj lwm chaw nres nkoj. Sab saum toj yog tsawg octagonal pej thuam. Muab Kauv nruab nrab kem yog ib txoj kev hloov mus rau lub sab sauv cylindrical pej thuam, hauv uas yog tsis muaj tsev nyob ib tug loj hluav taws kub, uas tau txais kev pab raws li lub teeb qhov chaw. Tag nrho cov qauv uas ib tug ob peb lab tons, tsis suav decorations thiab cov khoom siv rau hauv thiab. Vim li no, cov av yog pib tog, ua teeb meem loj thiab yuav tsum tau ntxiv tej chaw tiv thaiv thiab kev tsim kho.

Pib ib lub tua hluav taws

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov Pharos lighthouse ua tau rau 285 - 283 xyoo BC, nws pib mus ua hauj lwm tsuas yog nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua thawj BC. Nws yog ces hais tias tag nrho cov system ntawm teeb liab teeb yog tsim los ntawm ua hauj lwm los ntawm ib tug loj bronze disc, coj teeb nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv. Nyob rau hauv parallel nrog no muaj pes tsawg leeg yog invented gunpowder, uas tawm loj heev cov nqi ntawm cov pa luam yeeb - ib txoj kev qhia kom meej rau txoj kev nyob rau hauv lub yav tav su.

Lub qhov siab thiab deb ntawm cov ntsaws teeb

Zuag qhia tag nrho qhov siab Alexandria lighthouse - los ntawm 120 mus 140 meters (txawv ntawm qhov siab differential av). Tsaug rau qhov no rau hauv lub teeb ntawm qhov hluav taws kub twb pom ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 60 kilometers nyob kaj lug huab cua (muaj pov thawj hais tias nyob rau hauv twj ywm teeb yog pom li 100 kilometers los yog ntau tshaj) thiab mus txog rau 45-50 kilometers thaum lub sij hawm thunderstorms. Cov kev taw qhia ntawm rays tshwm sim vim muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb siv nyob rau hauv ob peb kab. Tus thawj series yog ib tug plaub-mog plaub, uas nws qhov siab nce mus txog 60-65 meters, nrog ib tug square paus ntawm 900 square meters. Ntawm no, cov khw muag cov lus nug, thiab txhua yam koj xav tau chaw sam roj thiab muaj lub "nyob mus ib txhis" hluav taws. Lub hauv paus rau hauv nruab nrab feem tau txais kev pab loj tiaj tus hau uas fab tau dai kom zoo nkauj loj saum Triton. Cov chav no yog ib tug octagonal ntauwd ntawm dawb marble nyob rau hauv lub qhov siab ntawm 40 meters. Qhov thib peb yog ib feem ntawm lub lighthouse ua tau cov yim txhua, nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lawv yog ib tug loj dome, uas yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ib tug loj yim-meter pej thuam ntawm Poseidon bronze. Lwm lub npe rau tus pej thuam - Zeus tus Cawm Seej.

"Nyob Mus Ib Txhis Nplaim"

Tswj hluav taws twb nyuab ua hauj lwm. Txhua hnub yuav tsum tau ntau tons ntawm roj rau qhov hluav taws kub yuav hlawv nrog tus tsim nyog quab yuam. Wood, uas yog lub ntsiab khoom, tauj nyob rau hauv ib tug qhia tshwj xeeb uas txawm peem rau laub raws kauv nruab nrab kem. Tsheb hauling mules, uas coj ntau tshaj li ib puas mus rau ib lub sawv. Mus rau lub teeb qhov hluav taws kub kis kom deb li deb li sai tau, tus nplaim taws ntawm tus taw ntawm ib sab, muab tso rau loj loj bronze los xij, uas, thiab nyiaj tso ncaj lub teeb.

ntxiv destinations

Raws li ib co phau tau txhais thiab txuag cov ntaub ntawv, cov Lighthouse of Alexandria tau txais kev pab tsis tau tsuas yog raws li ib lub teeb qhov chaw rau errant sailors. Rau cov tub rog nws los ua ib qho kev soj post rau zaum - ib tug astronomical observatory. Accounts hais tias muaj ib tug ntau ntawm nthuav heev kev khoom - teev ntawm tag nrho cov nrhiav thiab ntau thiab tsawg, ntsuas cua, raws li zoo raws li ntau thaj thiab astronomical seev. Lwm yam kev pab qhia hauv lub xub ntiag loj loj cov tsev qiv ntawv thiab tsev kawm ntawv, nrog rau ib qho kev tso npe ntawm thawj disciplines, tab sis nws tsis muaj pov thawj.

tuag

Beacon tuag tshwm sim tsis tau tsuas yog vim hais tias ntawm tus xov tooj ntawm muaj av qeeg txhua, tab sis kuj vim lub fact tias lub bay yog yuav luag ceased mus siv, vim hais tias nws yog heev silted li. Thaum qhov chaw nres nkoj tau ua unfit rau siv, bronze daim hlau, los ntawm kev uas lub teeb yog hais mus rau hauv lub hiav txwv melted rau hauv cov nyiaj npib thiab hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Tab sis qhov no yog tsis yog qhov kawg. Sau kom tiav beacon tuag tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th, thaum lub sij hawm ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau haib av qeeg puas tau tshwm sim rau lub hiav txwv Mediterranean. Tom qab hais tias, cov seem rov qab los ob peb lub sij hawm thiab tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug fortress, raws li zoo raws li tsev nyob rau ob peb inhabitants ntawm cov kob.

Nyob rau hauv hnub no lub ntiaj teb no

Rau hnub tim, Pharos Lighthouse, uas nws cov duab yuav ua tau heev yooj yim mus nrhiav, yog ib tug ntawm ob peb lub monuments ntawm architecture, keeb kwm thiab poob nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm. Qhov no yog ib yam dab tsi uas tseem nyiam ntawm ob zaum thiab neeg zoo tib yam, uas nyiam lub hnub nyoog-qub, vim hais tias nws yuav ib tug ntau ntawm cov txheej xwm, txawj ua hauj lwm thiab kev discoveries uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau lub ntiaj teb no txoj kev loj hlob. Tu siab, tsis ntau npaum li cas yog sab laug ntawm lub 7 cov kev xav ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Lub Lighthouse of Alexandria, los yog es tsuas yog ib feem ntawm nws, yog ib tug ntawm cov vaj tse, uas yuav ua tau txaus siab ntawm tib neeg. Txawm li cas los, tag nrho cov uas tseem tshuav ntawm nws - nws cia li ib tug tsawg dua theem, uas tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug warehouse thiab qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw nyob rau cov tub rog thiab cov neeg uas ua hauj lwm. Tsaug rau lub ntau yam dua tus qauv yog tsis puas lawm kiag li. Nws remade mus rau hauv ib yam dab tsi zoo li ib tug me me tsev fuabtais fortress, nyob rau hauv uas nyob lub inhabitants ntawm cov kob. Qhov no yog dab tsi koj yuav saib tau los ntawm kev mus saib xyuas cov kob ntawm Pharos, uas yog heev nrov nrog cov tourists. Tom qab tag nrho kev tsim kho thiab kho kom zoo nkauj lighthouse muaj ib tug ntau niaj hnub saib, ua rau nws ib tug niaj hnub qauv nrog ib tug ntev li keeb kwm.

ntxiv cov kev npaj

Lighthouse of Alexandria yog ib tug ntawm cov chaw nyob rau hauv cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm UNESCO. Vim mus rau ntau yam kev kho kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav cawm tau lub tsev fuabtais ntawm kev puas tsuaj txhua xyoo. Muaj txawm tias ib tug lub sij hawm thaum tham txog yuav ua li cas rau tag nrho rov pib dua nws yav dhau los daim ntawv no, tab sis nws tsis tau ua txij li thaum ces mus rau lub lighthouse poob nws raws li txoj cai raws li ib tug ntawm cov kev xav ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Tab sis mus saib nws ib tug yuav tsum hais tias koj yeej txaus siab nyob rau hauv keeb kwm.