Welfare kev ua si - dab tsi yog qhov no? Fundamentals ntawm tsim kho

Preschool tsim kho plays ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov me nyuam nrog tus yam puas siab puas ntsws noj qab haus huv tej teeb meem.

theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob

Kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm kev cob qhia thiab kev kawm ntawv ntawm preschool cov me nyuam uas muaj teebmeem kev txawj ntse tsis taus, tau paub qhov txawv peb lub sij hawm:

1. Kev loj hlob ntawm tej pedagogy los ntawm 1930 mus 1978. Thaum lub sij hawm no, sau qhia, kawm psycho-pedagogical thiab soj ntsuam nta ntawm lub zwj ceeb ntawm lub hlwb ruamqauj cov me nyuam ntawm pre-lub tsev kawm ntawv lub sij hawm, npaj cov kev cai lij choj lub moj khaum, scientific thiab methodological ntaub ntawv rau lub creation ntawm tshwj xeeb kho pre-op.
2. Modernization ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm tej thiab kev kawm ua ub no nyob rau hauv pre-tsev kawm ntawv tsev rau cov me nyuam nrog kev txawj ntse tsis taus los ntawm 1978 mus 1992.
3. Orientation rau hauv thaum ntxov qhia kom paub txog kev txawj ntse mob nyob rau hauv preschool cov me nyuam, psycho-pedagogical kho ntawm kev ua txhaum, kev twb kev txuas rau txoj kev kawm ntawm cov niam txiv (1992 - niaj hnub no).

Tsim kom muaj welfare kev ua si nyob rau hauv preschool

Cais ntau lub sij hawm ntawm nws tsim.

Nyob rau hauv thawj tshwj xeeb lub luag hauj lwm ua si los ntawm txoj kev tshawb xav L. S. Vygotskogo. Nyob rau hauv lub thirties ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo nyob rau hauv Russia nws tau ices qhov yooj yim cov kev cai ntawm tsim ntawm tus me nyuam lub siab. Kev tshawb fawb ua rau ntawm lub sij hawm pom tias cov tsim ntawm lub siab puas siab puas ntsws zog ntawm tus txiv neej tshwm sim tom qab yug tus me nyuam. Thaum no tus txheej txheem yog los ntawm cov kev sib raug ib puag ncig, kev cob qhia thiab kev kawm ntawv. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, cov ntaub ntawv qhia ntawv kuj muaj peev xwm mus ntsuam xyuas cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm lom thiab kev yam nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub preschool tus me nyuam, yog lub hauv paus ntawm welfare kev ua si.

Domestic txoj kev loj hlob ntawm me nyuam kawm preschool kawm kev tshawb xav

Zaum tau txiav txim hais tias lub tsheb txhob sibtsoo tsim ntawm txoj kev paub ntawm preschool cov me nyuam los ntawm expanding cov possibilities xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv nws. Qhov kev tshawb xav L. S. Vygotskogo tau tso cai cov xib fwb tuaj tos caag tshiab ntawm welfare kev ua si rau preschool.

Soviet psychologists D. B. Elkonin, A. N. Leonteva pom tias kev kawm tsis yog cov uas zoo tshaj nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm cov txawj ntse, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev puas hlwb dab, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tswv yim kev ua si ntawm me nyuam kawm preschool. Cov tshwm sim ntawm ib tug ntev ua hauj lwm ntawm cov pab pawg neeg ntawm cov xib fwb nyob rau hauv ib tug nyob ze kev sib raug zoo nrog psychologists yog tus rov tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, tsim kev kawm nyob rau hauv pre-tsev kawm ntawv pedagogy.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim kev cob qhia rau tsim kho

Xws li ib tug qauv ntawm cov kev qhia hlwb ruamqauj preschool cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv 1975. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm no qhov tshwj xeeb yog qhib nyob rau hauv Moscow preschool, tsim rau cov me nyuam nrog kev txawj ntse tsis taus. Thaum lub sij hawm cov kev tshawb fawb nws pom hais tias qhov txawv txav kev loj hlob ntawm tus kho lus no tsuas tau thaum tsim kev kawm, daim ntawv thov ntawm cov kev tshawb xav ntawm rhiab sij hawm. Kid muaj kev loj hlob mob, yuav tsum tau ib tug ncauj lus kom ntxaws thiab raws sij hawm pedagogical raug. Cov hauj lwm zoo kho thiab kev kawm ntsuas nyob rau thaum lub chaw ua hauj lwm tau pib. Welfare kev ua si - qhov no yog qhov upbringing thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov me nyuam. Cov ua ntej lawm muaj teeb meem yog tias, tsim ib qho kev pab mus rau qhov lawv, qhov ntau dua nws yog tias tus kho lus yuav muaj zoo tau.

Program rau kev kawm ntawv ntawm lub hlwb ruamqauj preschool cov me nyuam

Nws twb luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1976. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus tsim kom muaj kev kawm thiab kev cob qhia txoj kev, kev pom zoo rau lawv siv nyob rau hauv preschool cov tsev kawm ntawv rau cov me nyuam nrog infringements ntawm kev txawj ntse loj hlob tau raug tsim. Nyob rau hauv ib tug txheej txheem nws sau hais tias welfare kev ua si - qhov no yog qhov seem ntawm Defectology, specializing nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev kawm ntawv ntawm lub hlwb ruamqauj cov me nyuam.

Qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, txuas ntxiv tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm pedagogy. kev rov qhia dua tau ua los ntawm tsim kho ntawv, tus me nyuam psychologists. Cov tshwm sim ntawm ib pab pawg neeg ntawm psychologists thiab preschool cov xib fwb yog cov creation ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm cov kev ua mus kom ze rau koj tus kheej txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub preschool tus me nyuam. Cov soj ntsuam ntawm muaj luam tawm ob peb scientific txhua hnub, nyob rau hauv uas nws tau muab sau tias welfare kev ua si - nws tsis yog ib tug kab lus, tab sis lub sij hawm uas ntxiv dag zog rau kev ua hauj lwm ntawm cov xib fwb. Nws nyob rau hauv lub 80s ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo thiab ib tug tshwj xeeb kev pab cuam tsim los ntawm lub O. P. Gavrilushkinym, N. D. Sokolovym, tsim los rau txoj kev kawm thiab kev kawm ntawv ntawm lub hlwb ruamqauj cov me nyuam ntawm preschool uas muaj hnub nyoog.

Nws yog hais txog mus rau lub fact tias cov welfare kev ua si - qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev qhia ua ub no, ib tug kev mus kom ze rau txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev kawm ntawv ntawm cov me nyuam nrog kev txawj ntse tsis taus. Qhov tseem ceeb yog nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm pom tej yam kev mob rau cov tsim ntawm tus me nyuam cov kev ua ub no. Tsim kev kawm cov kev pab cuam rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm me nyuam kawm preschool los ntawm 3 mus rau 8 lub xyoo. Lawv muab cov kev qhia kom paub thiab kho ntawm cov me nyuam tus neeg nrog kev txawj ntse tsis taus.

Tsom txog kev mus kom ze rau cov me nyuam kev ua ub no nrog kev ua txhaum ntawm kev txawj ntse loj hlob.

Lub specifics ntawm cov me nyuam txoj kev noj qab haus huv kev ua si

Yog li ntawd yog dab tsi welfare kev ua si? Kev Txiav Txim ntawd hais tias feem ntau tseem ua hauj lwm nrog lub system ntawm kev ua aimed ntawm kev kov yeej kev puas siab puas ntsws nyob rau hauv preschool cov me nyuam, pab cov me nyuam hloov mus rau qhov kev ib puag ncig. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus tsoos role-playing ua si yog siv nyob rau hauv preschool, tshwj xeeb mloog yog muab rau cov duab ua si. Cov me nyuam uas muaj teeb meem loj nrog kev txawj ntse, cov kws qhia ntawv thiab psychologists muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv tus tsim, lawv muaj cov chav kawm nyob rau hauv sculpting, painting. Nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm tej kev ua no yog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev muaj zog zoo kev txawj ntse nyob rau hauv preschool cov me nyuam, tsim lawv suab apparatus, tsim lub communicative txawj sib txuas lus. Txawm muaj mob loj heev kev loj hlob tsis taus, nrog rau txoj kev mus kom ze ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv thiab psychologists, tau tsim ntawm elementary zauv tswv yim, raws li zoo li pw cov me nyuam yaus ntawm tus cwj pwm nyob hauv zej zog.

niaj hnub welfare kev ua si

Hais tias cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm welfare ua si thaum lub caij? Saib xyuas cov xibfwb qhia ntawv thiab psychologists attracts cov kev tshawb fawb rau cov tshiab cov ntaub ntawv thiab txoj kev ua hauj lwm nrog me nyuam kawm preschool, uas poob qab deb lawv cov phooj ywg nyob rau hauv kev txawj ntse loj hlob. Yeej, raws li ib daim ntawv ntawm cov nyiaj them yug rau kev kho preschool cov me nyuam muaj teeb meem nyob rau hauv kev txawj ntse loj hlob yog cov tshwj xeeb kho preschool. Qhov no yog qhov twg zoo-tsim hais lus txoj kev kho. Kho ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev kawm tshwj xeeb, kev pom zoo los ntawm tus Ministry of Education, nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog cov kev kho mob hauv zej zog qhia ntawv, tus me nyuam psychologists.

Kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation rau tsim kho

Niaj hnub nimno cov kev tshawb fawb ua nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm tej pedagogy, feem ntau teem rau lub creation ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb tswvyim ntawm thaum ntxov kom paub tias cov teeb meem, raws sij hawm kev psycho-pedagogical kho ntawm pom tias hloov nyob rau hauv kev puas hlwb kev loj hlob ntawm me nyuam kawm preschool. Mus ua hauj lwm cov tub txawg yuav tsum tau zoo, kho pedagogy yuav tsum tau tsim nyob rau hauv nrog lub koom haum ntawm Family Education.

Cov kev siv ntawm tsev neeg thiab cov kev sib raug zoo mus kom ze rau hauv thaum ntxov mob ntawm kev txawj ntse hloov nyob rau hauv lawv kawm kom implies kev pab txhawb nqa tus kws pathologists. Tom qab paub qhov teeb meem yog solved cov nqe lus nug ntawm ntxiv kev kawm menyuam me. Nws tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb commission, uas muaj xws li tsis tau tsuas yog noj qab haus huv cov tub txawg, tab sis kuj kho mob, kawm, kws kho mob, tus me nyuam kev puas siab ntsws. Yog hais tias paub tseeb hais tias, lub mob, lub nrhiav kom tau ntawm loj kev puas hlwb kev txawv txav me nyuam yog xa mus rau lub tom ntej kev kawm ntawv thiab kev kawm nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb preschool.

Paub tab preschool Oligophrenopedagogics

Lub ntsiab kev kawm ntawm preschool welfare kev ua si yog qhov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov theoretical tsis muaj kev cob qhia thiab kev kawm ntawv ntawm lub hlwb ruamqauj cov me nyuam. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog no yog lub feem ntau sai tsim ntawm lub zog thiab zoo uas hloov lom qab tib neeg. Rau ntawm no theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, tsim ib tug foundation uas yuav tsum tau rau lub tom ntej tsim ntawm tshwj xeeb kev txawj ntse thiab txawj sib txawv kev ua ub no.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub zoo thiab thaj chaw ntawm lub psyche ntawm cov me nyuam, uas txhais tau qhov xwm ntawm tus cwj pwm, yog lub tsim ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb no thiab cov xwm. Yog hais tias thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no koj yuav tsis siab kho kev txawj ntse loj hlob ntawm tus me nyuam, nws yuav cuam tshuam rau nws cov tom ntej txoj kev loj hlob.

xaus

Kho nyuam qhuav attracted tus mloog ntawm psychologists thiab cov kws qhia ntawv, raws li cov me nyuam uas muaj teebmeem kev tsis taus nyob rau hauv kev txawj ntse loj hlob tiav niam txiv, hmoov tsis, ntau thiab ntau txhua txhua xyoo. Nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm ntau preschools muaj ib tug psychologist, ib tug xib fwb, ib tug hais lus kws kho mob. Lawv ua hauj lwm yog los nrhiav kom paub thaum ntxov ua sawv ntawm teeb meem nrog kev hais lus, kev nco, concentration thiab thiaj li nyob. D. Nws yog tus professionalism ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm nyob rau seb puas los yog tsis raws sij hawm kuaj hloov nyob rau hauv kev txawj ntse loj hlob ntawm me nyuam kawm preschool. Lub ntsiab qhov teeb meem yog hais tias muaj ntau cov nyom yam tseem ceeb hais txog kev puas hlwb ruamqauj, yog protracted.

GEF ob tiam, nkag tau rau hauv preschool cov tsev kawm ntawv, aimed ntawm thaum ntxov mob ntawm lub tswv yim muaj peev xwm ntawm cov me nyuam. Nrog ib tug loj tus cwj pwm ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv tshiab tsoom fwv teb chaws kev kawm ntawv cov qauv, yees ua rau preschool pej xeem hauv tsev, nws yog ua tau rau sai sai qhia cov pab pawg neeg ntawm cov me nyuam uas muaj hlwb ruamqauj, muab lawv nrog tag nrho cov tau kev pab, coj mus ua hauj lwm nrog xws li cov tub txawg tau lawv kawm: cov kws kho mob, psychologists, hais lus therapists.