Programming nws tus kheej muaj peev xwm yuav nyuab. Yuav pib nrog, tias tag nrho cov kev ua yuav tsum tau sau tawm kauj ruam yog kauj ruam. Tab sis nrog xws li ib tug yuav tsum, muaj ntau ntau nta uas ho pab txhawb qhov kev kawm ntawm cov paub tab uas yuav tsum tau kev pab cuam ( "Pascal", "C", "assembler" - tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi lus yog siv). Ib tug ntawm cov cuab yeej yog los tsim mus.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm programming mus
Yuav ua li cas yog ib lub voj voog? Yog vim li cas nws yuav tsum tau li cas thiab lub txiaj ntsim ntawm kev ua ib tug programmer thaum koj siv nws? Lub voj voog yog ib qho tseem ceeb cov yam ntxwv feem ntawm cov kev pab cuam, uas tso cai rau koj mus automate tua ntawm ib tug tej yam muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm cov kev ua, muab hais tias ua raws cai nrog rau cov tsim tsis. Yog li ntawd, qhov nyuaj piv txwv ntawm cov chaw ua hauj lwm mus los - podnesenie tej xov tooj mus rau ib lub hwj chim. Muaj yog tsis muaj yuav tsum tau muab kab li kom txog thaum yuav tsis muaj txaus, vim hais tias cov cav tov tau tag nrho cov yuav ua tau txiav nrog nws. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev xyaum ntawm mus kuj yuav cawm tau ib tug ntau lub sij hawm thiab kev rau siab, ces nws tsis yog tsim nyog txhua txhua lub sij hawm thiab tag nrho cov kauj ruam mus sau npe rau hauv txoj cai siv lub voj voog. Cias nkag mus rau hauv lub changeable zog thiab pib siv. Tab sis raws li cov ua-cycle tswvyim? Los yog txawm ntau? Lawv tus kheej embodiments ntawm lub voj voog heev heev - cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ib phau ntawv hais txog lub cajmeem, "Pascal," peb yuav xav txog los yog "assembler". Yog li ntawd, txhob txwm rau koj lauj muaj theoretical tswvyim ntawm ob tug nrov tshaj plaws siv:
- Voj voog nrog postcondition.
- Loop nrog ib tug precondition.
Tag nrho cov lwm tus neeg yog mus rau ib tug loj raws li ntawm lawv cov variations thiab xyov tus neeg mob, yog li lawv yuav tsum raug xam tias yog nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus teb thiab ua tau raws li tej hom phiaj. Nyob rau hauv lub meantime, cia peb tig mus rau feem ntau nrov. Lub sib txawv mus nrog preconditions thiab postconditions? Ntawm no yog lub voj nrog ib tug precondition:
thaum «mob» ua «code»
General theoretical lub moj khaum kev voj voog nrog postcondition
Qhov no daim ntawv ntawm kev sau ntawv code thaum lub xov tooj voj voog nrog postcondition siv cov nqi ntawm lub cev. Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag tej zaum nws yuav zoo li coj txawv txawv: tiag tiag, vim li cas muab cov teeb meem tom qab lub tua ntawm cov code? Tab sis tsis muaj dab tsi yog coj txawv txawv muaj: ib tug feature ntawm daim ntawv no yog hais tias lub code yog tua tsis hais seb tus neeg mob uas tau ntsib los yog tsis ua. Tab sis, tsuas 1 lub sij hawm. Ces yuav ua raws li cov kev xeem, seb tag nrho hais tias, raws li nws yuav tsum, los yog tsis. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm txaus lub cev tej yam kev mob ntawm lub voj voog yuav tsum tsis quav ntsej li. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev thiab pab tau feature, uas muaj ib lub voj voog nrog postcondition. Nyob rau cov piv txwv ntawm dab tsi nws tau hais thiab qhov chaw uas koj yuav saib tau lub tswv yim siv pleev xim rau ntawm no? Ntawm no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm lub voj voog nrog postcondition:
rov
"Lub code"
kom txog rau thaum «Tej yam kev mob»
General theoretical voj voog hauv paus nrog ib tug precondition
Tab sis qhov tseem nrov kev xaiv no yog raws nraim qhov no. Nws peculiarity lus dag nyob rau hauv lub fact tias rau lub tua ntawm tsim nyog mob, tsis muaj cai no yog tsis tseg. Feem ntau, cov code yog heev scale thiab activating nws tag nrho tej yam tsis zoo nyob rau hauv computer kev ua tau zoo. Yog li ntawd, siv ib tug heev cunning lub hom phiaj: feem ntau ntawm cov daim code muab tso rau hauv loops los yog txawm ib tug neeg kawm ntawv uas rov hais dua los cia li nyob hauv txoj cai lub sij hawm. Tag nrho cov so ntawm lub sij hawm no code yog, tab sis tsis txhob siv ib lub computer. Qhov no tswvyim tso cai rau koj mus cawm ua hwj huam rau txim tuag qhov kev pab cuam los yog lwm yam kev pab cuam.
Tswv yim siv nyob rau hauv txawv programming lus
Ob peb lo lus hais txog cov tswv yim zoo ntawm cov mus. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov yam sij hawm, ob qho tib si rau cov neeg siv thiab cov programmer. On thib ob tau hais tias, vim li cas, vim li cas yuav tsum muaj ib tug ob peb lo lus hais txog tus neeg muas zaub. Qhov tseeb hais tias lub cais mus rau hauv nyias muaj nyias ib qhov chaw tso cai software rau sai sai thauj khoom thiab khiav, thiab raws li, tus neeg siv yuav tsum tau tsuas zoo siab heev rau siv xws li software. Ntxiv mus, qhov no mus kom ze, thaum lub code muab cia rau hauv lub voj voog los yog ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib chav kawm ntawv (uas yog feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm lub cev), thiab tso cai rau cov ua hauj lwm efficiency. Koj yuav tsum tau coj cov kev ceev cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv tus neeg nco hlwb. Yog li ntawd, yog tias txhua yam yuav tsum tau muab ua manually, nws yuav tsum tau txais txhua tus thiab muaj ib tug uas tsim nyog nkag. Ib tug voj tso cai ob peb lub sij hawm los yog txawm dozens ntawm txo qhov yuav tsum tau ua txhua yam li koj tus kheej. Thiab nws tshem tawm cov tib neeg zoo tshaj, uas yuav ua tau kom lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau saib problematic code.
xaus
Yog li ntawd, summing up tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv sau, peb yuav hais tias cov kev voj voog nrog postcondition los yog ib tug pre enables yooj yim txoj kev uas yuav txuag tau nyiaj tsis pab zoo. Thiab thaum uas sau ntawv nyuab cov kev pab cuam, nws yog ib tug ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws programmer cov phooj ywg, pab nws ua kom cov code yooj yim mus nqa tawm thiab nyeem ntawv. Yog li ntawd, thaum uas sau ntawv lawv code tsis disdain siv ib lub voj voog nrog postcondition los yog precondition - lawv yeej tsim los pab txhawb cov txheej txheem ntawm software creation, thiab nws yuav ua hauj lwm tawm tsam nws - tsis tau coj kom zoo dua ntawm lub sij hawm no.