Vermeer Yan: paintings. Dutch neeg pleev kob Jan Vermeer

Neeg pleev kob rau Jan Vermeer yog ib tug ntawm cov naas ej ntxias ntawm lub thiaj li hu ua Golden muaj hnub nyoog ntawm Dutch kos duab. Nws yog ib tug yav dhau los tus tswv ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm portrait thiab ib hom ntawv nyeem painting. Nws lub npe yog ib par nrog lub Fabkis Hals thiab Rembrandt. Txij li thaum lub qhov chaw nws yug los thiab kev tuag yog ib lub zos nyob ze Lub Hague, nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab kev lig kev cai ntawm daim duab nws yog hu ua Yan Vermeer Delft. Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm peb yuav saib lub neej thiab txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov neeg pleev.

Childhood thiab tiav hluas

Lub caij nyoog hnub nws yug los, peb tsis paub. Tab sis nws twb ua kevcai raus dej rau hauv lub xeem hnub ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj 1632 nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov pawg ntseeg pawg ntseeg ntawm Delft. Contrary rau tag nrho cov notions ntawm loj tsev neeg ntawm hais tias lub sij hawm, Jan Vermeer tus txiv tau muaj, tab sis tus tub, ib tug ntxhais. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm tus me nyuam yug ntawm ib tug tij laug tau kaum ob xyoos. Hais txog niam wizard Digna Baltes, peb paub yuav luag tsis muaj dab tsi. Janson Reyneer tsiv los ntawm Antwerp rau Amsterdam nyob rau hauv 1611 thiab twb koom nyob rau hauv ntsis mov nplaum txhob lo lo ntxhuav. Twb sib yuav, nws migrated rau Delft thiab yuav lub inn. Peb tsis paub yog vim li cas, tab sis rau ib txhia yog vim li cas nws tau hloov nws lub npe thiab lub npe. Tus tswv ntawm lub tsev so "Mechelen" Tam sim no hu ua Reiner van Koj. Nws tsis tau qhab nia weaving thiab tuaj koom lub Guild ntawm St. Lukas - khw, uas koom tag nrho cov neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab. Nyob rau hauv no "union" nyob rau hauv nees nkaum-thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej thiab koom Vermeer Yan, uas nws paintings nyob rau hauv ib tug ob peb xyoos tau shaken lub ntiaj teb no.

tsim

Ib yam yog tseeb: tus tub tsis tau mus rau nws tus txiv footsteps thiab kawm tom hlab txhob lo lo ntxhuav. Leej twg yog nws coj nqus qhia? Vim hais tias nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav los ua ib tug mej zeej ntawm lub Guild ntawm Saint Luke, nws yog tsim nyog mus khwv tau lub title ntawm tus tswv. Thiab qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, twb preceded los ntawm ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm rau xyoo ntawm txoj kev tshawb thiab nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv tus txheej xwm ntawm apprentices. Ntaubntawv povthawj siv uas Yan Vermeer Delft los ua ib tug mej zeej ntawm lub guild, nws yog tus kawg ntawm lub hlis ntuj nqeg 1653. Li ntawd, kuv txiav txim siab rau ib tug profession thiab pib qhia ib tug tub hluas nyob rau hauv lub thib kaum tsib xyoo ntawm lub neej. Leej twg yog nws tus xib fwb? Feem ntau cov critics pom zoo hais tias nws yuav tsum yog Leonart Bramer, los yog Gerard Ter Borch. Muaj kuj yog ib tug version uas tsis pom documentary pov thawj hais tias tus thawj kauj ruam nyob rau hauv lub fine art, duab ntawm Jan Vermeer pab Carel Fabritius, ib tug qub tub kawm ntawv kev ntawm Rembrandt. Txawm li cas los cawv rau cov tub ntxhais artist muaj ib tug Pieter de Hooch. Vermeer ua tau zoo los ntawm nws style ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem painting nyob rau hauv nws paintings. Tab sis Hooch yuav tsis tau ib tug xib fwb ntawm tus hluas ntse heev, vim hais tias nws nyob rau hauv Delft xwb nyob rau hauv 1652.

Tej lub neej

Thaum tseem muaj ib tug neeg sib tw rau txoj hauj lwm ntawm ib tug dawb npaj nyob rau hauv lub Guild ntawm Saint Luke, Jan Vermeer sib yuav. Nws xaiv yog Catharina Bolnes, tus ntxhais ntawm ib tug muaj kev vam meej businessman, owning ib lub Hoobkas rau firing bricks nyob ze Delft. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev mus rau lub sib yuav ntawm lovers tos rau lub chaw khuam siab, tab sis tsis yog los ntawm ib cov khoom zoo. Qhov tseeb hais tias Jan Vermeer yog los ntawm ib tug Protestant tsev neeg, thiab nws cov nkauj nyab - los ntawm lub Catholic. Tus ntxhais ntawd leej niam, Maria Bolnes, thaum xub thawj flatly tsis kam rau tus neeg thov rau hauv lub tes ntawm nws tus ntxhais. Nws coj lub intercession Bramer, kuj yog ib tug Catholic, mus rau hauv lub plawv ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej leej niam nyob rau hauv kev cai lij choj softened. Lub tshoob coj qhov chaw Plaub Hlis Ntuj 20, 1653. Raws li qhov kev pom zoo, qhov ob peb tsiv mus rau hauv lub tsev ntawm tus nkauj nyab. Tab sis cov artist tau txuas ntxiv mus txhawb nws niam, leej twg khiav hauv lub tsev so. Nyob rau hauv Jan Vermeer thiab Catharina Bolnes yug kaum tsib cov me nyuam, tiam sis tsuas yog kaum ib dim kiag. Ntxias ntawm lub sij hawm feem ntau xwm li nyob rau nws canvases poj niam los yog lovers. Kuv tsis nyob twj ywm ib sab ntawm no sib thiab Vermeer Yan. artworks tej zaum portrayed Catarina. Piv txwv li, peb muaj peev xwm saib nws cev xeeb tub nyob rau hauv canvas "Ib tug poj niam nrog rau tes taw hnyav."

Career txoj kev loj hlob

artist tsev neeg yog tsis txom nyem. Chiv pub lub loj tsev neeg tau pab lub tsev so "Mechelen", nyob rau ntawm lub ntsiab lag luam xwmfab ntawm Delft. Dutch ntxias yog feem ntau tsis nyob rau hauv cov neeg txom nyem. Paintings thiab cov khoom ntawm thov kos duab tau zoo heev npaum li cas nyob rau hauv coob nyob rau hauv lub Dutch zej zog. tsawg txuj ci masters tam sim no amassing loj loj fortunes, nqus ntawm ob peb paintings ib lub hlis. Tab sis Jan Vermeer tsis nyiam mus maj. Nws thiaj li sau ob paintings thaum lub sij hawm lub xyoo. Tej sluggishness ua luaj khib nws niam nyob rau hauv kev cai lij choj, tab sis tsis neeg. Lawv twb npaj txhij mus them rau nws paintings ib tug ntau ntawm cov nyiaj. Lub ntsiab admirers ntawm tus tswv twb Hendrick van Buyten thiab Yakhauj Dissius, neeg ua mov ci thiab publisher ntawm Delft. Lub fact tias cov painting Yana Vermeera contemporaries menyuam, rawsli los ntawm cov fact tias cov artist tau ob zaug raug xaiv thawj coj nai khu ntawm lub Guild ntawm Saint Luke (nyob rau hauv 1662-1663 thiab 1670-1671, ntsig txog).

Lub xeem xyoo ntawm nws lub neej

Master of ib hom ntawv nyeem painting thiab muaj nuj nqis raws li ib tug kos duab critic. Txuas rau qhov no yog qhov tsuas yog ib nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm Vermeer txawv tebchaws tawm ntawm lub zos. Nws yuav tau tsis txhob tshuav Delft yog Frederick William kuv, tus neeg xaiv tsa Brandenburzhskomu, tsis muaj mus yuav ib tug sau los ntawm Roman thiab Venetian paintings. Uas tsav lub artist raws li ib tug kws muaj txuj nyob rau hauv lub Hague mus xyuas lub authenticity ntawm lub paintings. Fwm notarial puav pheej, uas hais tias tus tswv Yordans Yakob thiab Vermeer Yan paintings nyob tsis tseeb thiab muaj nqis ib feem kaum ntawm cov thov nqi. Nrog xws li ib tug haum artist yuav luag tas nws hnub nyob rau hauv cov neeg txom nyem. Nws pib lub Dutch-Fabkis tsov ua rog, uas ntawd kub ntev li xya xyoo nyob rau hauv 1672. Art luam froze. Vermeer twb yuam kom qiv nyiaj mus pub cov tsev neeg loj loj. Nyob rau hauv 1675, cov artist poob mob thiab tuag. Nws legacy tau ncaim tshuav nuj tshuav nqi.

Vermeer Yan: lub sij hawm thaum ntxov ntawm creativity

Hluas Master tau ntev tau nyob rau hauv tus ntawm lub Italian Baroque. Nws thaum ntxov paintings sau ntawv monumental thiab sublime dluab. Cov artist yog hais txog kev cai dab qhuas kev kawm ( "Tswv Yexus nyob rau hauv Mary thiab nws tus niam hluas Martha"). Nws pab thiab Dutch tswv ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem painting ntawm Pieter de Hooch. Nws style pom muaj ib tug continuation thiab kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub paintings ntawm Vermeer. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj painting ntawm no lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau hu ua krupnofigurnoe painting "Lub pimp." Nws yog ntseeg hais tias cov duab nyob rau hauv txoj cai - ib tug self-portrait ntawm lub artist. Muaj pes tsawg leeg paintings "Lub pimp 'kaj, tag nrho ntawm hluas zog tuaj tej yam txaus siab thiab sensuality. Tone xim ua siab loj ua ke nrog sonorous thaj ua rau thaj ntshiab xim. Txij thaum lig 1650s artist hloov duab yam. Nws sau tau ib tug me me painting nrog ib tug los yog ntau tshaj cim thiab tsom tsis yog li ntawd ntau npaum li cas cov dab neeg raws li cov kev ntsuj plig, qhov chaw ntawm lub scene. Txawm li cas los, nws them ze xim rau cov lus, ntsia teeb pom kev zoo uas transforms rau sab hauv ntawm lub zos me me ntawm lub chav tsev. Raug ntawm lub sij hawm no paintings yog "Lub ntxhais nrog tsab ntawv", "Lub Milkmaid", "Lace".

Jan Vermeer "Hluas nkauj nrog ib tug Pearl qhws ntsej"

Qhov no yog lub npe nrov tshaj painting ntawm cov artist. Nws belongs rau lub Hague Tsev khaws puav pheej, tab sis nws yuav luag yeej tsis ntes rau ntawm qhov chaw - yog li feem ntau nws tours lub ntiaj teb no. Ib tug hluas nkauj xwm nyob rau hauv lub painting yog feem ntau hu ua lub "North Mona Lisa." Master nyob rau hauv daim duab no mus txog lub ncov ntawm nws ntse heev. Hluas nkauj - zoo li ib tug personification ntawm ilv femininity. Tag nrho cov ntaub permeated infinite lyricism. Lub tig taub hau nrog tiv thaiv ob lub qhov muag, Pearly xim xiav txoj phuam rau ib tug maub tom qab, raws li nws twb glowing. Leej twg yog xwm nyob rau hauv lub painting Yan Vermeer? Hluas nkauj nrog ib tug Pearl qhws ntsej ... Nws yuav yog Mary - tus hlob tus ntxhais ntawm cov artist. Tab sis, raws li tw cam no taw tes ntawm view, thawj-yug nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg nyob rau hauv 1653. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub painting (1665) Mary yog tsuas kaum ob. Txawm yog hluas nkauj nyob hauv daim duab, nws yog tseem kom meej meej saum toj no cov artist tus ntxhais.

tsis ntev los no paintings

Qhov kawg ntawm 60-ies ntawm lub thib kaum xya xyoo pua, cov artist hloov nws style ib tug me ntsis. Tam sim no nws muaj ob tug nyiam ntxhais tshwm sim. Qhov no gentlemen thiab poj niam uas yog gallant sib tham, hnov qhov qab qhov caw los yog ua si suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv ib tug richly txhais chav tsev. Raws li ib qho piv txwv, "Hlub Tsab ntawv" thiab "Cov tub hluas ntxhais poj niam nrog rau cov guitar." Ib tug thib ob lub ntsiab - cov neeg zoo siab txog lawv kev ua hauj lwm. Lub inquisitive siab ntawm tus txiv neej yog xwm nyob rau hauv lub paintings ntawm "astronomer", "Geography", "Nyob rau hauv lub artist lub studio." Labor thiab ua hauj lwm ntawm cov poj niam - yog lwm qhov teeb meem, uas yog xa mus rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm nws lub neej Vermeer Jan. Painting "Lub Lacemaker", "Tus poj niam nyob rau hauv lub spinet", "Poj niam nyob rau hauv Blue nyeem ntawv ib daim ntawv" thiab "Tus ntxhais ua rau ib saw caj dab" - kaj swatches ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub artist.