Vasiliy Andreevich Zhukovsky thiab Pushkin Aleksandr Sergeevich: Cov Zaj Dab Neeg ntawm kev phooj ywg, kev sib piv tej hauj lwm

Zhukovsky thiab Pushkin - ob loj cov npe nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv, lub ob geniuses, ob tug poj txiv neej. Tej txawv lub neej, txawv cim, thiab xws li ib tug sov so phooj ywg rau xyoo yuav tuaj! Yuav ua li cas nyob ze twb Zhukovsky thiab Pushkin, luv luv piav nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw. Cia peb sim saib ntxaum.

prehistory

Vasiliy Andreevich Zhukovsky - yug nyob rau hauv 1783, lub tsaub tub ntawm ib tug tswv av Afanasiya Bunina. Yuav kom muab nws ib lub sij hawm kom tau kev kawm ntawv thiab ib tug tej yam raws li txoj cai nyob hauv zej zog, Bunin muab tus tub rau me nyuam los tu impoverished nobleman Andrey Zhukovsky. Qhov no ua rau nws tau npaj ib lub gifted tus me nyuam nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo qhua tsev, qhov chaw uas nws pib mus rau manifest nws txawj txuj ci.

Kaum tsib lub xyoos tom qab, nyob rau hauv 1799, mus rau hauv ib tug neeg pluag tab sis noble noble tsev neeg birthplace ntawm tus ntse heev ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv - Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 13 nws twb cuv npe kawm nyob rau hauv lub Tsarskoye selo Lyceum, qhov twg sib txawv zoo siab tseg, nyiam nyiam heev rau mischief thiab ntxeev siab, ib tug tsis xyeej los xaam sciences thiab lub peev xwm los tsim poetic masterpieces.

acquaintance

Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 17, Alexander raws li nrog Vasiliem Andreevichem, uas yog feem ntau nws txoj kev mus Tsarskoye selo, yog nyob rau hauv tus phooj ywg cov ntsiab lus nrog cov Pushkin tsev neeg , thiab tau mus kawm lub nto moo tshaj plaws txawj salon ntawm lub capital.

Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm, Aleksandr Pushkin twb nto moo rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kwv huam, thaum Zhukovsky creativity yog nyob rau hauv nws ncov: nws yuav kawm nyeem tawm rau yav tsaus ntuj, los kawm lo lus poetic verses thiab txhais. Vasily yog twb ze rau qhov muaj koob muaj npe tsev neeg, thiab rotates nyob rau hauv lub siab tshaj plaws voj voog.

Yuav ua li cas los ze zog ua ke xws li seemingly cov neeg sib txawv, Zhukovsky thiab Pushkin, ntawm txawv hnub nyoog, kev sib raug zoo raws li txoj cai thiab txoj hauj lwm? Tej zaum tus thawj hlub hauv cov ntawv nyeem thiab kev mloog tau tus poetic style. Pushkin tau nyeem Zhukovsky, nws yog ib tug mob siab kiv cua ntawm nws, thiab Vasily muaj peev xwm tam sim ntawd pom cov poetic txuj ci ntawm nws tub ntxhais hluas thiab txhoj puab luag. Nws pom nws rau ib tug zoo yav tom ntej.

ntau txaus siab

Kev Hlub ntaub ntawv pab rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ntau nyiam thiab ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib tham. Pushkin ua ke nrog Zhukovsky thiab nws niam nws txiv pib mus kawm nyob Karamzin Batiushkov thiab lwm yam zoo-paub sau ntawv. Ua ke nrog nws tus tij phooj ywg, nws los ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub vajvoog "Arzamas", qhov twg nws kawm paj huam, sau tau thiab hais kwv huam, competed nyob rau hauv cov zajlus kev txawj. kev sib raug zoo Zhukovsky thiab Pushkin ua ntau sov thiab trusting. Lub hnub nyoog sib txawv tsis tiv thaiv no friendship: kev txawj ntse thiab kev ntawm ib tug yog ib txwm ntau heev pab txias lub ardor ntawm tus hluas zog tuaj lwm.

muaj tswv yim match

Zhukovsky lub chaw ua hauj lwm yog lub npe hu rau peb nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev uas vim hais tias ntawm nws tales. Pushkin xam tau tias yog nws tus kheej ib tug menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm Vasily, vim hais tias nws yog nws fairy tales tau tshwm sim rau cov hluas Alexander los tsim lawv tus kheej masterpieces.

Nyob rau hauv 1831, tom qab nws exile nyob rau hauv Mikhailovskoye, Pushkin tswvcuab nws tus phooj ywg "ib tug fairy taleas thiab lub Pov Thawj thiab Nws Workman Balda" thiab ob peb lwm yam sketches. Zhukovsky co menyuam lub chaw ua hauj lwm thiab muaj mus koom lub comic sib txeeb. Cov lus tsis txaus siab kev txhawj xeeb lub Zhukovsky thiab Pushkin sau tales nyob rau hauv pej xeem cov style. Yog li ntawd muaj lub npe nrov "taleas ntawm Tsar Saltan thiab nws tus tub Guidon ..." thiab "Lub taleas ntawm cov neeg tuag Princess ..." Pushkin thiab Zhukovsky taleas "The King Berende" thiab "Tsaug zog ntxhais fuabtais." Kev sib piv ntawm Pushkin thiab Zhukovsky thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no ua rau yus xav tias Vasily adheres rau Western-style (tom qab tag nrho, lub hauv paus ntawm nws tales - tej hauj lwm ntawm European sau phau ntawv thiab lawv cov romantic motifs yog muab), thiab Alexander theem nws tsim yaam tshab tiag Lavxias teb sab cim, thiab nws tales yog heev nco ntsoov cov neeg.

Tom qab ib co sij hawm, Pushkin coj mus rau tsev hais plaub nws muaj tswvyim phooj ywg zaj paj huam "Ruslan thiab Lyudmila". Thiab tau txais nyob rau hauv teb ib qho khoom plig - ib tug portrait ntawm V. A. Zhukovskogo nrog lub inscription "Khiav ntawm tus menyuam kawm ntawv los ntawm lub swb xib fwb". Thaum no Zhukovsky thiab Pushkin tas nws txawj duel.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv cov paj huam "Ruslan thiab Ludmila" cov tub ntxhais Pushkin tso cai rau nws tus kheej ib tug parody ntawm nws tus kws qhia ntawv thiab ib co zoo nkauj caustic nqe lus, dab tsi yog heev thov txim nyob rau hauv nws mature xyoo.

muaj tseeb friendship

Tag nrho cov xyoo tom qab uas lawv tau ntsib, thiab kom txog thaum lub kev tuag ntawm Pushkin Zhukovsky yog rau nws cov tub ntxhais cov phooj ywg ib yam ntawm cov tus Cawm Seej (los yog saver?). Siab ywj fwm, luv luv-tempered thiab ncaj Alexander puav tau txais mus rau hauv ntau yam teeb meem, tab sis ib tug paub qab hau thiab diplomatic Vasily muaj peev xwm mus nrhiav tau ib txoj kev tawm ntawm tej teeb meem no rau nws.

Thaum nyob rau hauv 1820 tus huab tais ntawm cov objectionable kab kwv huam thiab ntse epigrams Pushkin yog npaj txhij rau xa mus rau Siberia, Zhukovsky, Karamzin, thiab lwm yam influential neeg muaj xws li ib tug txaus ntshai kev ntsuas tau raug hloov los ntawm ib tug neeg txhais lus rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm lub teb chaws. Vim hais tias ntawm no, Alexander tswj kom cov kev pab cuam thiab cov kev sib raug raws li txoj cai.

Zhukovsky yog nyob ze thiab nyuaj nyob rau hauv 1824, thaum ib tug loj sib cav sib ceg nrog leej txiv ntawm cov kws sau paj lug raug teeb meem kev taug plaub ntug, thiab qhov no yuav ntxiv aggravated nws twb tsis yog tus feem ntau ib qho kev zoo txoj hauj lwm. Tsaug rau cov diplomatic kev txawj ntse ntawm Alexander pom dua tus haum ntawm tus huab tais thiab xa rov qab mus rau lub high zej zog.

Nyob rau hauv 1825, ua tsaug rau nws lub hwj ntawm lub tsev hais plaub ntawm Vasily pab pov thawj Pushkin, uas twb liam ntawm kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub uprising ntawm lub Decembrists.

Nws Zhukovsky ntawm cov ob peb feem ntau ncaj ncees cov phooj ywg tsis txhob tawm Pushkin thaum lub sij hawm nws exile nyob rau hauv Mikhailovskoye. Thiab nyob rau hauv tej nyuaj nws muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj tsawg kawg yog ib tsab ntawv.

Zhukovsky - Pushkin tus phooj ywg, uas yog nyob ze thiab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm kev xyiv fab, thiab thaum lub sij hawm muaj kev puas tsuaj, tsis tawm nyob rau hauv kev mob kev nkeeg thiab txawm nyob rau hauv nws deathbed.

Pushkin ntawm Zhukovsky

Alexander idolized nws muaj tswvyim phooj ywg txij thaum lub lyceum xyoo. Txawm tias lawv tsis heev loj kev sib tw, Pushkin ib txwm pom nyob rau hauv Zhukovsky, cov xib fwb thiab cob qhia. Paradigmatic steel hlua ntawm ib qho ntawm cov kwv huam:

Nws cov kwv huam captivating tsos

Nws yuav siv sij hawm centuries khib deb ...

"Saum Ntuj Ceeb Da Dej" - thiaj li loj hlob cus plaws thiab affectionately hu ua Alexander nws tus hlub tus phooj ywg, thiab nyob rau hauv nws cov tsiaj ntawv feem ntau xa mus rau nws xwb li "tus neeg saib xyuas tubtxib saum ntuj."

Zhukovsky Pushkin

Nrog rau kev hwm mus Vasily rau nws cov tub ntxhais cov phooj ywg yog tsis txawm yim pab ntawm nqis los nrog, txawm qhov txawv nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog thiab kev xav. Nws yog muaj kev ruaj ntseg hais tias nyob rau hauv cov kev sib raug hnub nyoog ua si tsis muaj lub luag hauj lwm - yog li ntawd xav nyob ze yog cov ob tug txiv neej. Zhukovsky co menyuam raws li tus kheej cov qualities ntawm Alexander thiab nws poetic khoom plig. Tseem nyob rau ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv nws tam sim ntawd nws lub yeeb koob, txhawb nqa, daim ntawv qhia, sim hawm caij nyoog - kom txog rau thaum, kom txog rau thaum nws yog tseeb hais tias cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv tau surpassed tus xib fwb.

lub kws sau paj lug tuag

1936-1937 xyoo twb nyuaj heev rau Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina. Cov tsos ntawm Georges d'Anthes, frivolous cwj pwm Natalia poj niam ntawm high zej zog intrigue, hais lus phem thiab derogatory epigrams nyob rau lub Pushkin tsev neeg, sim los mus tiv thaiv lub Honor ntawm tus poj niam ... Qhov teeb meem no yog tense nrog txhua dua hnub.

Nws yog tseeb hais tias ib lub hom phiaj - mus ntxias cov irascible kws sau paj lug rau ib tug duel. Nws Zhukovsky ntau haub ntxias kom Alexander tsis post insulting tsab ntawv mus rau nws foe, vim hais tias ces duel yuav tau inevitable. Nws Zhukovsky thov nws kom muaj prudence thiab tsis txhob succumb mus rau provocations.

Nws Zhukovsky ua ob peb hnub tom qab ntawd nyob rau hauv ib tug chav tsev nyob rau Moika mortally pig kws sau paj lug (luv thiab muaj siab los tiv thaiv cov poj niam uas nws hlub tag nrho cov tib coj li qhov kev txiav txim).

Hmoo ua si ib lim hiam cuav xwm: hnub yug V. A. Zhukovskogo, nyob rau lub ib hlis ntuj 29, yog ib hnub twg ntawm txoj kev tuag ntawm nws ncaj ncees thiab tus hlub tus phooj ywg ...

Vasily yog heev chim tuag ntawm nws tus menyuam kawm ntawv thiab cov phooj ywg, txawm ces nws paub hais tias tuag tsis tau tsuas yog ib tug zoo txiv neej, tab sis kuj tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kws sau paj lug.

Thiab tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau paj lug, zoo li ib tug neeg saib xyuas tim tswv, Zhukovsky ib zaug dua tuaj mus rau cov kev pab twb tuag phooj ywg, tau txais qhov kev txiav txim mus rau reconsider thiab coj huab tais tag nrho cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm Pushkin, thawj thawj zaug nws tau tsis mloog thiab nyiag muab lawv rau nws tus poj niam - Natalia Nikolaevna.

Zhukovsky thiab Pushkin - lub embodiment ntawm lub spiritualized kev phooj ywg, kev sib raug zoo, devoid ntawm self-interest, ua rau ntau kev txaus siab, kev hlub ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab ib lub siab xav mus pab txhua lwm yam nyob rau hauv nyuaj.