Tus thawj xib fwb cov nqe lus ntawm cov proposals roos ib tug kawm thiab predicate. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lawv cov nyiaj

Tus thawj xib fwb cov nqe lus ntawm cov proposals roos ib tug kawm thiab predicate, theem nrab - txhais, circumstance thiab tsis tas li ntawd. Txawm li cas los, xws li ib tug kev sib cais uas tau los ua ib tug kev lig kev cai, implies ib tug ncaj high theem ntawm abstraction, vim nws yog tsim nyog los qhia qhov txawv ib sab ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov lus tseeb. Peb yuav sim kom paub tias cov ntsiab qhov chaw ntawm cov kab lus.

Txiav tawm lub communicative lub caij nyoog

Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yuav tsum tau txiav tawm tham lub caij nyoog ntawm ib lub tswv yim hais txog ib tug kev hais lus teeb meem no. Los ntawm no taw tes rau ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov me thiab loj mej zeej ntawm lub immaterial, raws li ntau ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv no nam yuav yog ib yam ntawm lawv, tsis yog lub taub hau. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv teb cov lus nug, "Thaum Petus tuaj txog?" nyob rau hauv cov kab lus "Peter tuaj txog lub hnub ua ntej nag hmo" tseem ceeb yog "ib hnub ua ntej nag hmo," uas yog ntawm ob qhov tseem ceeb. Nrog rau cov tham taw tes ntawm view, lawv tsis yog ib txwm cov neeg ntawm lub ntsiab qhov chaw ntawm cov kab lus. Yog lawv tej zaum thib ob.

Pov tseg semantic yam

Yuav kom qhia tau tias lub ntsiab qhov chaw ntawm ib kab lus, yuav tsum tau poob thiab tag nrho cov yam tseem ceeb uas yog txuam nrog rau cov ntsiab lus. Kev txiav txim ntawm kev kawm thiab predicate nyob rau hauv ib txhis muaj lug tsis coj mus rau hauv tus account lub fact tias tsis txhua lub sij hawm lawv yog lexical nqe lus los yog lub ntsiab neeg nyob rau hauv ib tug ib-daim yuav tau txais nraim kev. Piv txwv li, nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau siv nyob rau hauv tus hais lus ntawm xws li ntawm lawv raws li "nws pom nws tus kheej", "Nws tau poob," "Cov chav tsev yog" thiab lwm tus neeg.

Tsom xam los ntawm uas distinguishes Lavxias teb sab lus ntawm cov kab lus thiab lwm yam me, nws tsis xav txog tag nrho cov lus tseeb. Qhov no yog vim hais tias nws tsis yog aimed ntawm kev hais lus lexical unit thiab nws paub daws teeb tswvyim. Yog li ntawd, rau cov hom phiaj, nws tsis muaj nqi, thiab qhov tseeb hais tias nws yog feem ntau theem nrab losis tswvyim dabtsi, raws li lawv concretise thiab sau indeterminate los yog puas lub ntsiab qhov chaw ntawm cov kab lus.

Roos ib tug faib ntawm cov kab lus, distracted, piv txwv li, nyob rau dab tsi yog yuav mus tau zoo rau cov semantic me tej zaum yuav tsum tau raws li tsim nyog raws li nws yog kawm thiab predicate. Nws yuav tsum tau borne nyob rau hauv lub siab thaum cais.

Lub tswvyim ntawm lub ntsiab neeg

Tus thawj xib fwb cov nqe lus ntawm cov proposals roos ib tug kawm thiab predicate. Thas xim rau lawv feeb dag nyob rau hauv lub formal sector. Tsuas no nws zoo nkaus li yuav tsum tau txav deb ntawm cov nominative lwm oblique mob xam qhovkev ntxiv rau tus nqi ntawm cov kev kawm. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv lub fact tias qhov no daim ntawv (piv txwv li lub kawm) yog nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas lus nrog rau cov predicate, thiab tsis unilaterally nyob rau nws hais tias yog pom nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lwm oblique mob (xws li ib tug nqi ntawm subjectivity).

kev kawm

Cov kev kawm tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau nws, tab sis kuj txiav txim rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov predicate nrog hwm rau pawg ntawm cov tub los ntxhais, xov tooj thiab tus neeg. Qhov no invariable txoj cai muab peb cov Lavxias teb sab lus.

Lub ntsiab mej zeej ntawm lub offerings muaj xws li ib tug noun nyob rau hauv lub nominative (kev kawm), uas yog nyob rau hauv correlation nrog lub predicate. Qhov no yog vim hais tias nws koom nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm lub predicative chaw ntawm tag nrho cov proposals.

predicate

Predicate li neeg muaj ob tug cwj pwm: ib cov cab kuj ncauj npog ncig sab predicativity thiab pom zoo nrog rau qhov kev kawm. Kev Saib Xyuas nyob rau txoj kev uas nws yog nyob rau hauv sib txawv kab lus qhia predicative pawg contributed rau cov creation ntawm lub tsim theories txog cov predicate, uas yog lom zem ntau vim pom tau hais cov tswv yim ntawm kev tsim ib daim ntawv teev cov ntau yam ntxwv schemes proposals nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau ob-pronged.

hom predicates

Paub qhov txawv ntawm tej yam yooj yim thiab complex, raws li zoo raws li cov lus thiab nominal predicate. Lus yuav tsum yog yooj yim los yog compound, namely - yeej ib txwm puas. Tag nrho cov hom - lub ntsiab qhov chaw ntawm cov kab lus. Cov kev kawm tsis muaj xws li ib tug faib.

Cia li ib feem yog ib tug yooj yim predicate. Qhov no tej zaum yuav yog ib tug conjugated daim ntawv ntawm qhov qhia txog kev los yog nws deputy, los yog ib tug infinitive qhia txog kev ua interjection.

Mononuclear tswv yim, qhov tseem ceeb nws cov ntsiab neeg

Lub tswv yim hais tias tus predicate yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm cov kab lus, uas yog nyob rau hauv kev kawm thiab, yog li ntawd, tas implies nws lub neej, tau txais kev pab raws li lub hauv paus rau qhov qee ntawm ib tug ntau tug tswv cuab ntawm lub ntsiab clause, peb ib tug, uas yog hu ua tus thawj xib fwb tug tswv cuab ntawm ib leeg-muaj pes tsawg leeg proposals.

Nws tau ntev tau pom hais tias muaj ntawm lawv, qhov chaw uas tej zaum yuav muaj tsuas yog ib tus thawj xib fwb neeg. Txawm li cas los, tsuas yog AA Chess nyob rau hauv ib hom, hu ua "ib tug-daim" muaj, ua ke tag nrho cov neeg mob, thiab piv rau lawv nrog "ob-feem", uas yog ib txwm muaj cov kev kawm thiab predicate.

Lub ib-compound muaj tus thawj xib fwb lub sij hawm yog ib tug tshwj xeeb kev tshwm sim syntax, raws li nws thiab nws ib leeg yog predicative hauv paus ntawm tag nrho cov tag nrho kab lus. Hais tias yog, zoo ib yam li predicate, nws yog ib cov cab kuj los ntawm cov khoom xws li predicativity. Cov kev zoo sib thooj nrog nws manifested nyob rau hauv lub fact tias muaj cov tib hom nyob rau hauv ib tug muab neeg li hais tias ntawm lub predicate. Txawm li cas los, tsis zoo li yav tas, qhov zoo ntawm ib co ntawm nws cov sib nrauj (tub los ntxhais, xov tooj, tus neeg) nyob rau hauv kev kawm, nyob rau hauv ib-compound muaj lub ntsiab neeg txais nyob rau hauv lub cev rau ib yam ntawm lawv, vim hais tias nws yog kiag li txiav txim siab, xam qhovkev tsuas yog ib-compound muaj.