Tsev fuabtais Palanok, Mukachevo: keeb kwm, dab neeg. Ukraine attractions

Medieval castles - qhov no yog ib feem ntawm zaj dab neeg, uas ib txwm attracts mas glances ntawm cov neeg mus. Tej zaum, qhov no yog vim lub halo ntawm romance thiab kev hwm cov lis dej num uas xam qhovkev nobles Nrab Hnub nyoog. Tsis muaj lub zem kom deb li deb nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm cov kev qhia "ib tug yeej muaj tseeb knight," yog siv thaum tham txog ib tug txiv neej uas tiag tiag hlub.

Niaj hnub no, hais txog cov sij hawm thiab cov kev ua ntawm cov neeg ua keeb kwm, cia li nco zoo kawg li vaj tse nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws. Tsev fuabtais Palanok (Mukachevo) - ib tug ntawm lawv.

Transcarpathia

Rau lub Carpathian roob rau centuries tsim cov neeg no thiaj li cim thiab thawj hais tias nws ua siab loj, patriotism thiab devotion rau lawv txoj kev ntseeg los ua legendary.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm Transcarpathia mus ib txhis txuam nrog rau Slavs, uas tuaj ntawm no thiab pib tsim lub teb chaws li thaum ntxov raws li 1 txhiab. N. e. Raws li cov archaeological excavations, lawv natives ntawm Volyn thiab Prykarpattya. Caj sab ntsuj plig kev twb kev txuas, cog thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm tsim ntawm Kievan Rus thiab nws tsim raws li ib tug zoo kawg lub xeev, muaj peev xwm kom lub teb chaws los ntawm assimilation ntawm Transcarpathia nrog nws alien haiv neeg, nyob rau hauv tus ntawm uas nws tau ntev lawm.

Tsuas 3 centuries - los ntawm 9 mus rau 11. - nws yog kav los ntawm Slavic princes thiab reigned Orthodoxy, tab sis nrog lub 11 thiab 13 xyoo pua, cov pawg neeg thaj av los ua ib feem ntawm lub Great Hungarian lub nceeg vaj. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, kom txog thaum lub nruab nrab-xyoo pua 20th, Transcarpathia yog me me hloov nyob rau hauv ntau feuds thiab cov kev hloov los ntawm ib tug dynasty mus rau lwm lub. Los ntawm cov Hungarian mus rau lub Galicia-Volyn nqi zog, ces tus Turks thiab Habsburgs, raws li cov hom tau Austria-Hungary thiab Czechoslovakia, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ob ntiaj teb rog, cov cheeb tsam tau dua mus rau Ukraine, los ntawm uas lawv tau raug sib cais rau 10 centuries.

Niaj hnub no lub tsev fuabtais ancient Palanok (Mukachevo) tourists los ntawm thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no mus nrhiav tau cov keeb kwm ntawm muab siab npuab ib lub teb chaws rau cov hauv paus hniav, kab lis kev cai thiab kev ntseeg.

Mukachevo

Cov kos yog hnub ntawm lub nroog yog tsis paub hais tias, tab sis tus thawj sau mention ntawm nws yog nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub xyoo 896. Qhov chaw Mukachevo zoo li ntawd hais tias cov Slavs uas nrhiav tau lub zos, twb tsis yog thawj zaug uas tau to taub thiab hos.

Hais sib haum rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub tam sim no lub nroog twb tsim 40,000 xyoo dhau los nyob rau hauv lub Paleolithic era. Raws li lub sij hawm mus rau, ib co pab pawg neeg zoo, lawv chaw nres tsheb them nrog lub ntiaj teb, tab sis nyob rau tib lub chaw, cov nram qab no. Piv txwv li, nyob ntawm no koj yuav nrhiav tau pov thawj ntawm lub neej ntawm cov neeg ntawm lub caij Paleolithic (3,000 xyoo dhau los), hnub nyoog bronze (2000 BC. E.).

Raws li varied thiab kab lis kev cai hais ntawm no. Nyob rau lub roob Tupchiev sab thracian fortress (10 xyoo pua BC ..), Thiab nyob ze - Celtic Oppidum, thiab archaeologists muaj txawm tau lw, thaum Celtic pab pawg neeg evicted carp, nyob rau hauv uas nws yawm thiab twb muaj npe lub roob.

Txawm peb ua tau zoo txhua lwm yam pab pawg neeg BC, tab sis nws yog lub npe hu hais tias Transcarpathia tsim thiab loj hlob nrog rau lub Slavic pab pawg neeg, uas nyob rau hauv 700 xyoo ntawm tus thawj txhiab tsim ib haiv neeg loj Rusich, kav los ntawm tub huabtais ntawm Kiev. Cov ncej no, los ntawm txoj kev, yog qhov kev xaiv tsa, thiab cov neeg raws li tus tub huabtais muab lub nceeg vaj, ces nws yuav tshem tawm nws.

Tus thawj ntoo fortification nyob ntawm no nyob rau ntawm lub roob ntawm lub tsev fuabtais nyob rau hauv 1086. Lub pob zeb no Mukachevo tsev fuabtais nyob xwb nyob rau hauv lub 14th caug xyoo. Nws siv pib thaum lub behest ntawm Charles Robert - Hungarian nobleman, nyob rau hauv uas nws muaj yog ces ib tug fortress.

Niaj hnub no, Mukachevo (Ukraine, Transcarpathian cheeb tsam) - koog tsev kawm ntawv chaw, nyob txog tsib caug kilometers ntawm Hungary thiab Slovakia thiab 100 km ntawm lub ciam teb nrog Romania thiab Poland.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev fuabtais

Raws li ib txwm, lub caij nyoog hnub ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev fuabtais muaj, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv hais tias nyob rau hauv 1086, nws tsis tsuas yog tuav tawm xwb, tab sis tseem nyob xwb unconquered troops Polovtsian Khan Kuteska citadel. Nyob rau hauv lub charter ntawm 1321 hais tias cov commandant ntawm lub fortress muaj nyob rau hauv lub npe Tomas.

Cov nram qab no ntaub ntawv rau 1352 qhia txog lwm yam commandant - Dej, uas yeej cov tub rog ntawm Khan Atlamosha. Thoob plaws hauv lub 13th thiab 14th centuries, lub fortress tau koom rau cov muaj koob muaj npe dynasty Arpadovichey Ugric thiab Anjou, tab sis qhov tiag heyday ntawm lub fortress thiab restructuring nyob rau hauv ib tug remarkably zoo nkauj thiab impregnable tsev fuabtais yog pib los ntawm lub caij thaum nws zoo nkaus li tus thawj tswv tsev.

Mukachevo tsev fuabtais mus rau cov kev pab Fedor Koryatovicha - ib tug neeg uas lub ancient princely tsev neeg ntawm Lithuanian Gediminas. Nws poob nws muaj thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog, thiab 1 Sigismund nyob rau hauv 1396 tau muab nws lub fortress nyob rau hauv lub neej tenure.

Thaum lub tsev yog ib tug square phab ntsa nrog yees thiab ib tug moat nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lawv. Fedor Koryatovych ua rau sab saum toj ntawm ib lub roob tsev fuabtais, uas ua qhov chaw nyob ntawm nws tsev neeg. Nyob rau ntawm ob sab ntawm lub qub phab ntsa tau ua haib yees 9 m nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla nrog phab ntsa thickness ntawm 2.5 meters.

Nyob rau hauv 1401 lub tsev fuabtais sia sib sib zog nqus qhuav ditch, tshaj uas towered kaum-meter defensive phab ntsa. Hauv lub tsev fuabtais zoo tau khawb rau nws cov inhabitants yuav muaj sia nyob tej siege, thiab tsis raug kev txom nyem los ntawm nqhis dej. Tsev fuabtais Palanok (Mukachevo), txig fwm rau peb hnub. Nws yuav tsis muaj feem xyuam rau zaus los ntawm ib tug muaj koob muaj npe tsev neeg rau lwm tus, tej nuj nqis cov thawj los yog tus thib ob tsov rog ntiaj teb. Nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm muaj ib tug ua liaj ua teb kawm ntawv qib siab, yog li ntawd nws halls thiab cov phab ntsa tau khaws cia nyob rau hauv zoo mob, thiab nyob rau hauv 1960 nws tau qhib ib lub tsev cia puav pheej.

Fedor Koryatovych

Qhov no tseem ceeb nom tswv daim duab ntawm nws lub sij hawm thiab tuaj ntawm ib tug laus noble tsev neeg muaj ib tug zoo kawg li kev txawj ntse thiab ua cim muaj zog, tab sis ib txhia historians tau muab tso rau hauv lub hav zoov ntawm nws tus cwj pwm yog mas raws li lub tseem ntawm nws lub peev xwm tsis tau pom.

Ob peb cov ntawv luam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv fwm qhia tau tias lub tsev fuabtais Palanok (Mukachevo) twb ua tau pauv mus rau lub neej tenure Fedor Koryatovicha nrog lub nroog thiab lub nyob ib sab pawg neeg thaj av mus txog rau Justa. Txawm nws yog, tiam sis nws yog nrog nws lub teeb tes rau ntawm lub tsev fuabtais Hill nyob grandiose siv, rau cov uas muaj ntau tus neeg tam sim no tuaj Transcarpathia.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub tsev fuabtais thiab Fyodor Koryatovych nws ua lub tsev qiv ntawv thiab ua ib tug monastery, qhov uas nws raug faus tom qab nws tuag. Ua tsaug rau nws lub nroog ntawm Mukachevo los ua ib tug kev cai thiab kev cai dab qhuas qhov chaw ntawm lub cheeb tsam. Niaj hnub no lub qhov ntxa nobleman mus nrhiav, tab sis nws yog lub npe hu hais tias nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, thaum twg, es tsis txhob ntawm cov ntoo lub tsev teev ntuj tso ib lub pob zeb, nws tombstone yog lawm. Qhov uas nws mus tom qab nws yog tsis paub.

Tam sim no txog nws reminiscent ntawm ib tug monument nyob rau hauv lub tshav puam ntawm lub tsev fuabtais, uas twb muaj nws tus kheej cov lus dab neeg.

Hauj lwm ntawm lub tsev fuabtais

Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm uas Fedor Koryatovych muaj nyob rau hauv Transcarpathia, Mukachevo Tsev fuabtais (chaw nyob :. Ib Kurucz, 5) pom rau hauv daim ntawv uas peb tam sim no saib.

Cov ua nom ua tswv los ua lub tsev:

• sab sauv xauv;
• nruab nrab thiab qab xauv;
• defensive phab ntsa nrog ib tug moat.

Rau cov kev siv ntawm tus Fabkis tuaj rau nws tus ex-defense minister thiab ib feem-lub sij hawm cov kws muaj txuj nyob rau hauv tej chaw tiv thaiv Sebastien de Vauban, uas tsim ib tug defensive system ntawm lub tsev fuabtais, ua rau nws impregnable. Nyob rau hauv ib co chaw hauv lub fortress phab ntsa mus txog 18 meters thickness, uas ua rau nws yooj yim los mus tiv lub pounding uas twb muaj lawm thaum lub sij hawm lub seev.

Nyob rau hauv kev, nws muaj 4 terraces, uas raug faib rau Predvorotnyuyu, Lower, Middle thiab Upper tsev fuabtais. Txhua qib yog siab tshaj rau lwm yam thiab yog ib tug self-defense tsev, li ntawd, yog hais tias tus qis tiers poob, lub defenders yuav nkaum rau sab saum toj thiab ciaj sia lub siege.

Nyob rau hauv lub 14th pua, raws li tam sim no, tau mus rau hauv lub tsev fuabtais Palanok (Mukachevo, lag luam - los ntawm 9.00 mus 18.00, tawm -. Bp) nws yog tsuas yog tau nyob rau hauv ib tug ntoo choj hla tus moat, tsuas yog nyob rau lub sij hawm nws tau sau nrog dej thiab palisade - Palanka, los ntawm cov uas nws lub npe hu ua.

Nyob rau hauv thawj loj loog tsis muaj tsev nyob rau hauv lub barracks. Thiab lawv kuj muaj tiers - tshaj lawv yog siab dua, qhov ntau dua tus nqi zog tau txais cov tub rog, nqa cov kev pab cuam muaj. Ib qho ntawm feem amazing vaj tse ntawm lub Upper Tsev fuabtais yog ib tug 75-meter zoo, uas ntaus ncaj nraim rau lub roob Latorica River. Nyob rau hauv lub theem ntawm cov dej cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov dej phwj, ces nws mus deb thiab yuav tsum rub dej kom deb ntawm lub invigorating tob. Tab sis nws rua cov pej xeem nyob rau siege ntawm lub fortress, yog ib tus uas ntawd kub ntev li ntau tshaj 3 xyoos.

Ilona Zrinyi

Nyob rau ntawm ib lub sij hawm lub tsev fuabtais koom rau ib tug laus Transylvanian qub Rakoczy, los ntawm Vlad Dracula 3. Lawv dynasty kav no ntau tshaj 100 xyoo. Nyob rau ntawm ib lub sij hawm lawv tau muab qhov chaw nkaum Transcarpathian Slavs, uas tsis xav mus txais lub kab lis kev cai thiab kev ntseeg ntawm lub Turkish invaders. Tej neeg no hu ua karutsu, thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ib tug ancient haiv neeg coj los ntawm lawv.

Ilona Zrinyi los ua ib tug dab neeg nyob rau hauv nws lub neej. Tus poj ntsuam ntawm Ferenc Rakoczy taws tus tiv thaiv ntawm lub tsev fuabtais thaum lub sij hawm lub siege ntawm nws pab tub rog ntawm lub Habsburgs thiab ntawd kub ntev li 3 xyoos. Nws yog nto moo rau extraordinary kev zoo nkauj. Muaj txawm tias ib tug dab neeg uas nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm cov yeeb ncuab ua phem rau cov poj niam nkag mus hauv lub phab ntsa los saib lub dag lub zog ntawm cov tub rog nyob rau hauv nws phab ntsa. Thaum no tus taw tes, nws twb pom los ntawm cov Austrian general, twb npaj cov tub rog mus tua. Ceeb zoo zoo nkauj cov poj niam, nws deployed troops thiab hais tias nws siv los tua nrog cov tub rog, thiab kev zoo nkauj yuav tsis sib ntaus sib tua.

Yog hais tias tsis yog ib tug ntxeev siab rau ntawm lub sab hauv ib puag ncig ntawm Ilona, lom cov dej nyob rau hauv lub zoo, qhov no fortress li yuav tsis muab li. Niaj hnub no, nyob rau hauv no zoo kawg poj niam tsa ib tug monument tsa nyob rau hauv lub tsev fuabtais. Nws sawv nrog nws tus tub nyob rau ramparts, thiab tus hluas lub taub hau ntawm lub dynasty tuas ib rab ntaj nyob rau hauv nws txhais tes.

Nws yog ib lub cim hais tias nws yeej tsis nyo tuaj Habsburgs thiab txuas ntxiv ua hauj lwm ntawm nws txiv thiab nws niam. Ntawm no thiab muaj Palanok tsev fuabtais thiab nws cov tswv. Nyob rau hauv Mukachevo thiab yog li ntawd yog nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 yog ib tug monument rau tus poj niam uas tsim zaj dab neeg thiab coj lub kiv puag ncig. Nws tuag nyob rau hauv 1703 thiab nws ashes so nyob rau hauv Kosice (Slovakia).

tsev fuabtais Legends

Attractions Ukraine yuav khav txoj kev zoo nkauj thiab antiquity, tab sis tej zaum nowhere thiaj li muaj ntau legends raws li lub tsev fuabtais Palanok.

Ntawm no niaj hnub superstitions nyob rau hauv ntau nrog cov neeg uas rau ntau centuries. Piv txwv li, khawb ib tug zoo nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb nruab nrab tau spawned ib tug nkag siab ntawm kev lom zem mukachevtsev cov dab neeg no.

Txiv neej khawb ib tug zoo, ib hnub twg ntawm kev khawb, ob tug, kaum, thiab tseem tsis muaj dej. Tub huabtais txhua txhua hnub chim heev dhau lawm nug: "Qhov twg yog qhov dej?!" Thiab txhua txhua lub sij hawm lawv teb rau nws: "Tsis yog" hnov txog nws thiab txiav txim siab mus khwv tau qhov zoo. Nws tuaj mus rau tus tub huabtais thiab hais tias rau ib lub hnab ntawm kub yuav ua tau li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub zoo yog yeej ib txwm dej. Yuav ua li cas? Tub huabtais pom zoo, conjured dab ntxwg nyoog, cov txiv neej khawb, thiab dej nyob.

Huv tuaj rau ib tug nqi zog, thiab nws muab tus tub huabtais ib tug me me lub hnab ntawm kub, thiab hais tias nyob rau hauv lub me me, lawv tsis pom zoo. Nws yog tseeb hais tias ntev khawb thiab ib tug zoo siab ntawm kev lom zem thiab cov neeg hauv zos tau tsim ib zaj dab neeg rau lub hnub nyoog.

Zoo, niaj hnub no lub tsev fuabtais Palanok nyob rau hauv Mukachevo - cov lus dab neeg, rau cov neeg uas tuaj ntawm no nrog kev npau suav los muaj tseeb. Leej twg ua ntej txiav txim siab hais tias ib tug monument Fedoru Koryatovichu hais lus ib tug ntiv tes nyob rau hauv lub hauv av, raws li nws, arguing tias dab tsi twb npaj yuav nyob ntawm no - hais tias peb tsis paub, tab sis hnub no muaj ntau tus neeg lo rau nws zoo li ib tug straw.

Interestingly, muaj ntau yam ntawm lawv hais tias lawv muaj siab los yeej pom tau hais thaum lub sij hawm lub xyoo. Tej zaum nws tej hauj lwm kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv ib tug txuj ci tseem ceeb, los yog cia li tom qab ib tug neeg Siv rau velmozhny ntiv tes thiab kaw nws lub qhov muag, muab tawm tus yam, nws thaum kawg pib mus noj ib co cov kauj ruam rau nws siv.

Txawm nws yog, tiam sis cov txuj ci tseem ceeb ua hauj lwm. Nws yog xav tias hais tias cov lus dab neeg pib nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm tub nkeeg me nyuam kawm ntawv ib zaug tau nyob hauv cov phab ntsa selhoztehnikum. Siv rau cov ntiv tes rub xwb daim pib uas paub, thiab tam sim no tsheej lab ntawm cov tourists rau nws thiab grabs ib yam dab tsi intimate whispers.

Tsev fuabtais nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th

Txij li thaum lub thaum ntxov 20th xyoo pua Transcarpathia tau koom rau cov Czech koom pheej, raws li los ntawm Hungary (lub cev nqaij daim tawv kom txog thaum lub kawg ntawm tus thib ob World War), nws tseem lawm, albeit nyob rau hauv lub saib xyuas ntawm ib tug neeg rau lwm tus. Nyob rau hauv lub 50s ntawm no tswm College thiab nws cov me nyuam kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub qub barracks.

Tsuas yog txij thaum 1989 tau tsa ib tsev cia puav pheej nyob rau hauv nws phab ntsa. Niaj hnub no yog lwm pob zeb diamond nyob rau hauv lub saw caj dab ntawm attractions nyob rau hauv Western Ukraine thiab Transcarpathia. Nws yog tsis xav tsis thoob hais tias muaj ntau cov neeg tuaj saib rau cov cheeb tsam no, feem ntau xav nyob rau hauv lub fortress, uas yog li ntawd zoo siab ntawm Mukachevo (tsev fuabtais Palanok). nkag nqi yog ib tug me ntsis ntau tshaj li 35 rubles., ncig yuav raug nqi 300 rubles. tus neeg.

Qhov twg tsim nyog, tus restoration hauj lwm twb nqa tawm, ces ib tug neeg pej xeem nrog monument ntawm keeb kwm thiab architecture zoo tib yam li nyob rau hauv lub hnub ntawm Fedor Koryatovicha. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov "feem ntau mus xyuas attractions ntawm Ukraine", thiab nws yog zoo deserved. Ntawm no, txhua yam nqus pa keeb kwm, yog li lub tsev fuabtais muaj yog tsis muaj off-lub caij.

Tsis tau nws yog lub feem ntau nyiam qhov chaw rau honeymooners, suiting kab tshoob Diam duab tua. Nws tshwm sim tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav rau Lub kaum hli ntuj.

Puas & Attractions

Niaj hnub no, muaj cov qhib chav nrog ib tug exhibition ntawm paintings thiab sculptures, nyob rau cov hnub so musicians ua si, ib tug sau ntawm lug inhabitants ntawm lub neej thiab kab lis kev cai ntawm Transcarpathia khoom thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm 12 mus 20th caug xyoo. Nyob rau hauv ib yam ntawm cov chav muaj icons ntawm 16-19 centuries. Nws feem ntau hosts concerts thiab cov festivals, uas koom yuav ua rau lawv tus kheej cov qhua ntawm lub tsev fuabtais.

Yog hais tias ib tug neeg yog nkees ntawm impressions, koj yuav so kom txaus thiab muaj ib tug khoom noj txom ncauj nyob rau hauv lub café, thiab mus rau lub hnub xim ua si brighter, koj yuav nqis los rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj nti cellars ntawm lub tsev fuabtais, uas yog tam sim no nyob tasting chav, thiab saj tsis tau lub caw hom "Chizay".

Lub tsev fuabtais Palanok yuav ua tau tsis muaj ib tug phau ntawv no, tab sis nws yuav yuav cia li muaj taug kev nyob rau hauv nws ntsiag to halls thiab txoj cai huv nam. Nws yog cov neeg uas muaj nyob rau hauv kev hlub nrog cov phab ntsa enliven lawv cov dab neeg ntawm cov neeg uas nyob ntawm no thiab sau tej zoo legends.

Tus saib ntawm lub fortress phab ntsa - qhov no yog lwm lub sijhawm los yeej zoo siab lub zos zoo nkauj yuav tsum tsis txhob mus ntsib tsis tau. Tsev fuabtais thaum hmo ntuj zoo heev impressive.

Tours ntawm lub tsev fuabtais

Ncig saib nyob rau hauv Transcarpathia - nws yog ib tug nrov heev lawv, vim hais tias nws muaj txhua yam:

• roob;
• dej;
• ntau attractions;
• huv si huab cua;
• hospitable neeg;
• cua thiab noj qab nyob zoo hauv zos cuisine;
• ib tug ntau yam ntawm kev ua ub no nyob rau hauv uas koj yuav koom tau nyob rau hauv dhau;
• loj thiab zoo nkauj, thiab feem ntau cov tseem ceeb - ib tug tiag tiag tsev fuabtais.

Nqi rau cov tours yog heev tsim nyog, tej zaum, yog li ntawd muaj ib xyoo puag ncig tours thiab mus ncig teb chaws muab lub mysteries thiab legends ntawm lub nroog ntawm Mukachevo thiab nws tsev fuabtais. Txhua tus qhua ntawm lub nroog yuav tsum tau muab pov ib npib nyiaj ua txhaum rau kab mus rau hauv lub zoo thiab ua kom ib tug xav kom rov qab tuaj ntxiv ntawm no. Nyob rau lub sij hawm no, muaj txawm tias ib tug hauv zos anecdote, thiab lawv yeej txaus siab nrog nws rau lub millionth lub sij hawm yuav qhia rau, yog tsim nyog nug.