Triac: ua hauj lwm hauv paus ntsiab lus, daim ntawv thov, ntaus ntawv thiab cov kev tswj

Los ntawm cov tsab xov xwm no, koj mam li kawm tau dab tsi ib tug triac, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lag luam ntawm no ntaus ntawv, raws li tau zoo raws li nta ntawm nws daim ntawv thov. Tiam sis ua ntej, nws yog muaj nqis mentioning uas lub triac - yog tib yam li hais tias ntawm lub thyristor (tsuas kuas). Yog li ntawd, yuav tsis ua li cas tsis nyob rau hauv ib tsab xov xwm piav txog cov ntsiab cai ntawm lub lag luam ntawm thyristors thiab lawv nta. Yog tsis muaj kev txawj ntse ntawm cov kev qhia tswj yuav tsis ua hauj lwm los tsim thiab tsim txawm ib tug yooj yim tswj tswvyim.

thyristors

Lub thyristor yog ib tug switching semiconductor ntaus ntawv, uas muaj peev xwm kis tau ib tug tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib tug coj xwb. Nws yog feem ntau xa mus rau raws li ib tug valve thiab kos analogies nruab nrab ntawm nws thiab lub kauj diode. Nyob rau hauv thyristor muaj peb terminals, ib tug - ib tug tswj electrode. Qhov no, muab tso rau nws roughly, lub khawm los ntawm txoj kev uas lub switching caij nyob rau hauv lub kev hom. Cov tsab xov xwm yuav muab suav hais tias ib tug tshwj xeeb cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug thyristor - triac - qhov kev siv thiab cov lag luam ntawm nws cov ntau circuits.

Thyristor - nws yog ib tug rectifier mus thiab txawm ib lub teeb liab amplifier. Feem ntau nws yog siv raws li kev tswj (tiam sis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub rooj plaub thaum lub tag nrho thaiv yog noj los ntawm ib tug AC voltage qhov chaw). Tag nrho thyristors yog ib co nta uas yuav tsum tau mus nrog lawv tham nyob rau hauv ntau yam.

zog thyristors

Ntawm cov myriad ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov semiconductor caij yuav qhia hais tias tus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws:

1. Thyristors li diodes, muaj peev xwm ntawm kev ib tug hluav taws xob tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib tug coj xwb. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lawv khiav lag luam nyob rau hauv Circuit Court raws li ib tug rectifier diode.
2. Los ntawm cov OFF rau lub RAU lub xeev ntawm cov thyristor tej zaum yuav txhais los ntawm thov ib lub teeb liab mus rau lub tswj electrode muaj ib lub daim ntawv. Li no tus xaus - lub thyristor keyboards zoo li muaj ob lub xeev (ruaj khov ob leeg). Nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev thiab tau khiav lag luam cov triac. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lag luam ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tseem ceeb hom raws li nws yog heev yooj yim. Tab sis nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua ib tug rov qab mus rau tus thawj qhib lub xeev, nws yog tsim nyog hais tias muaj tej yam kev mob uas tau ntsib.
3. Tus tam sim no tswj lub teeb liab, uas yog yuav tsum tau rau siv lead ua txoj kev hloov ntawm lub thyristor los ntawm lub xauv hom mus rau lub qhib, deb tsawg tshaj li tus ua hauj lwm (lus ntsuas nyob rau hauv milliamperes). Qhov no txhais tau tias lub thyristor muaj lub zog ntawm cov tam sim no amplifier.
4. Nws yog ua tau rau nplua kho qhov nruab nrab tam sim no ntws los ntawm ib tug kev cob cog rua load, muab hais tias lub load yog kev cob cog rua nyob rau hauv series nrog ib tug thyristor. Raug ntawm kev hloov nyob ntawm seb qhov ntev ntawm lub tswj electrode teeb liab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub thyristor ua raws li ib lub hwj chim regulator.

Lub thyristor thiab nws cov qauv

Thyristor - yog ib tug semiconductor caij uas muaj ib tug tswj muaj nuj nqi. Cov siv lead ua muaj plaub khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm p thiab n hom uas lwm. Nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev ua tau thiab triac. Hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lag luam, daim ntawv thov, cov qauv ntawm lub caij thiab cov kev txwv ntawm kev siv yog xam tau tias yog nyob rau hauv kom meej nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm.

Piav cov qauv tseem hu ua ib tug plaub. P-edge cheeb tsam qauv kev cob cog rua thereto qhov zoo polarity davhlau ya nyob twg ntawm lub hwj chim qhov twg los, hu ua lub anode. Li ntawd, cov thib ob cheeb tsam ntawm n (kuj huab) - nws yog ib lub cathode. Yuav kom nws yog thov ib tug tsis zoo fais fab mov voltage.

Yuav ua li cas lub zog ntawm cov thyristor

Yog hais tias ib tug tag nrho tsom xam ntawm lub thyristor qauv, nws yog tau mus nrhiav nyob rau hauv nws lub peb txoj kev hloov (electron-qhov). Thiaj li, qhov sib npaug Circuit Court peev xwm yuav tsim nyob rau hauv semiconductor transistors (ncov qaumteb qabteb, bipolar, teb) thiab diodes, uas tso cai rau kom koj to taub tus cwj pwm ntawm cov thyristor thaum fais fab kev tswj electrode.

Nyob rau hauv lub rooj plaub uas lub anode yog zoo txheeb ze mus rau lub cathode, lub diode yog kaw thiab chaw pib lub thyristor kuj behaves zoo li ntawd. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev hloov lub polarity ntawm ob diodes biased thyristor yog tseem muab tub. Ib yam li ntawd, Triac thiab zog.

Cov kev khiav hauj lwm hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntiv tes, ntawm chav kawm, mus piav qhia txog yog tsis yooj yim heev, tab sis peb yuav ua tiag ua nws nyob rau hauv.

Yuav ua li cas txhob xauv lub thyristor

koj yuav tsum xyuam xim rau cov sib npaug Circuit Court rau qhov kev nkag ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lag luam ntawm lub thyristor. Nws tej zaum yuav muaj li ntawm ob transistors (transistors). Ntawm no rau nws thiab nws yog yooj yim los mus xav txog cov txheej txheem ntawm thyristor firing. Nws teev ib co tam sim no uas ntws los ntawm lub thyristor tswj electrode. Thaum zoo li no tam sim no yog offset rau pem hauv ntej kev taw qhia. Qhov no tam sim no yog suav tias yog ib tug yooj yim qauv rau cov transistor ntawm p-n-p.

Yog li ntawd, cov collector tam sim no nws yuav tau ntau tshaj nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm (tsim nyog tswj tam sim no tus nqi khoo los ntawm lub nce ntawm cov transistor). Ntxiv mus, nws yuav pom hais tias tus nqi ntawm qhov tam sim no lub hauv paus ntawm lub thib ob transistor nrog conduction qauv p-n-p, thiab nws yog xauv. Yog li cov collector tam sim no ntawm lub thib ob transistor yog sib npaug zos rau cov khoom ntawm lub nreg ntawm ob transistors thiab chiv preset tswj tam sim no. Triacs (hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lag luam thiab cov kev tswj raug xam tias yog nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm) muaj xws li cov khoom.

Ntxiv mus, qhov no tam sim no yuav tsum tau summed nrog lub yav tas los qhia kom meej rau tam sim no tswj Circuit Court. Thiab tau txais raws nraim cov nqi uas koj xav kom cov thawj transistor nyob rau hauv lub xauv lub xeev. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas, thaum lub tswj tam sim no yog heev loj, ob transistors ib txhij nyeem. Internal OS tseem tuav nws conductivity txawm thaum thawj zaug tam sim no vanishes nyob rau kev tswj electrode. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub anode ntawm lub thyristor yog kuaj haum siab tam sim no tus nqi.

Yuav ua li cas mus tua thyristor

Cov kev hloov mus rau lub xauv lub xeev ntawm cov thyristor yog tau nyob rau hauv rooj plaub rau lub qhib cell electrode tswj yog tsis muaj ntaub ntawv teeb liab. Thaum zoo li no tam sim no dauv mus rau ib tug tej yam magnitude, hu ua hypostatically tam sim no (los yog tam sim no kaw).

Lub thyristor yog muab tua thiab nyob rau hauv rooj plaub yog hais tias muaj yog disconnection nyob rau hauv lub load Circuit Court. Los yog thaum ib tug voltage yog thov mus rau lub Circuit Court (lwm) hloov nws polarity. Qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm txhua ib nrab voj voog thaum lub Circuit Court powered los ntawm ib tug AC qhov chaw.

Thaum ua hauj lwm thyristor Circuit Court DC, txhav tas yuav tsum accomplished los ntawm ib tug yooj yim hloov los yog ib tug cov neeg kho tshuab hom nyees khawm. Nws txuas mus rau lub load rau hauv series thiab yog siv los de-energize rau hauv Circuit Court. Thiab zoo ib yam li kev khiav hauj lwm hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub hwj chim regulator rau lub triac, txawm li cas los, muaj ib co nta nyob rau hauv lub Circuit Court.

Txoj kev tawm thyristors

Txawm li cas los, tus tes hloov qhov yuav kev cob cog rua nyob rau hauv parallel, ces siv nws mus rau bypass lub anode tam sim no tshwm sim, thiab lub thyristor yog pauv mus rau lub xauv lub xeev. Ib txhia hom thyristors yuav hloov nyob rau hauv dua, Yog hais tias koj qhib tus tes hloov qhov hu. Qhov no yuav ua tau piav los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias thaum lub sij hawm qhib ntawm cov neeg cab hlws ris capacitance thyristor sau xwb, li no tsim cuam.

Yog li ntawd, nws yog ntshaw kom muab pov tseg tus tes hloov qhov thiaj li hais tias nws yog nruab nrab ntawm lub cathode thiab cov kev tswj electrode. Qhov no yuav xyuas kom meej tias lub thyristor yog muab tua txhua zaus, thiab tuav tam sim no yuav raug muab txiav tawm. Tej zaum kom yooj yim thiab paub kev ua tau zoo thiab kev cia siab yog siv es tsis txhob ntawm ib tug txhua yam koom haum pab thyristor tseem ceeb. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub triac yog heev uas zoo sib xws rau lub lag luam ntawm SCRs.

triacs

Thiab tam sim no los ze zog mus rau lub kev kawm ntawm qhov tsab xov xwm - yuav tsum raug xam tias yog ib tug tshwj xeeb cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Thyristor - Triac. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lag luam yog zoo li nws hais tias twb xam tau tias ua ntej lawm. Tab sis muaj ib co sib txawv thiab cov yam ntxwv nta. Yog li ntawd nws yog tsim nyog los tham txog nws nyob rau hauv ntau yam. Lub triac yog ib tug ntaus ntawv nyob puag uas yog ib tug semiconductor siv lead ua. Nws yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv lub nruab uas khiav lag luam rau alternating tam sim no.

Qhov yooj yim txhais ntawm no ntaus ntawv - tus tes hloov qhov, tab sis forms. Nyob rau hauv lub xauv lub xeev, nws ua hauj lwm raws nraim tib yam li ib tug qhib mus. Thaum ib lub teeb liab yog thov rau cov kev tswj electrode ntawm lub triac ntaus tshwm sim ib txoj kev hloov mus rau lub qhib lub xeev (conduction hom). Thaum kev khiav hauj lwm nyob rau hauv no hom, koj yuav kos ib thaum uas tig mus nrog tus tes hloov qhov, uas nws hu raug kaw.

Thaum lub teeb liab yog tsis tuaj kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv cov kev tswj Circuit Court, nyob rau hauv ib yam ntawm cov ib nrab sij hawm (kev khiav hauj lwm nyob rau hauv AC circuits) muaj ib txoj kev hloov los ntawm lub Qhib hom triac nyob rau hauv sab hauv tsev. Triacs yog lug siv nyob rau hauv relay hom (e.g., nyob rau hauv designs photosensitive keyboards los yog kom tshuab nrov tuaj). Tab sis lawv yog feem ntau siv rau hauv kev tswj systems uas ua rau lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm theem kev tswj voltage ntawm lub load (regulators yog tus).

Tus qauv thiab cov lag luam ntawm lub triac

Triac - nws yog tsis muaj dab tsi zoo li ib tug symmetrical thyristor. Yog li ntawd, raws li nyob rau hauv lub npe, peb yuav xaus - nws yog ib qho yooj yim los hloov lub ob thyristors, uas yog muaj nyob rau hauv anti-thaum uas tig mus. Nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia nws muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm dua ib tug tam sim no. Thaum triac muaj peb lub ntsiab tso zis - tswj, rau muab Pib ntsais koj teeb thiab yooj yim (anode, cathode), yog li ntawd nws muaj peev xwm dhau kev khiav hauj lwm currents.

Triac (lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lag luam rau cov "dummies" hais tias cov semiconductor caij muab rau koj) yog qhib thaum cov kev tswj pin yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus yuav tsum tau tam sim no tus nqi. Los yog nyob rau hauv lub rooj plaub thaum ob tug lwm electrodes ntawm lub peev xwm sib txawv ntau dua li cov kev txwv tus nqi.

Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, qhov tshaj voltage ua rau triac uas yog txhais nthawv thaum lub siab tshaj plaws amplitude ntawm lub mov voltage. Cov kev hloov mus rau lub xauv xeev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev hloov lub polarity ntawm lub kev khiav hauj lwm tam sim no los yog txo mus rau ib theem qis tshaj qhov tuav tam sim no.

Yuav ua li cas mus qhib lub triac

Thaum powered los ntawm cov mains AC yog ib tug kev hloov ntawm cov lag luam hom los hloov tus polarity nyob rau hauv voltage ntawm ua hauj lwm electrodes. Vim li no, nyob ntawm seb cov polarity ntawm qhov tam sim no nyob rau hauv kev tswj, koj yuav xaiv tau 4 hom kev ua no.

Xav hais tias ntawm ua hauj lwm electrodes ib tug voltage yog thov. Ib tug tswj electrode voltage ntawm kos npe rau opposite rau hais tias thov kom lub anode Circuit Court. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, qhov hloov quadrant triac - kev khiav hauj lwm hauv paus ntsiab lus, raws li tau pom, yog yooj yim heev.

Muaj 4 quadrants, thiab txhua tus ntawm lawv yog txiav txim tam sim no tso tawm, tuav, xam nrog. Txhais tam sim no yuav tsum tau khaws cia kom txog rau thaum tej lub sij hawm raws li ntev raws li yuav tsis ntau tshaj ob peb lub sij hawm (2-3) nws yog tus nqi ntawm cov tuav tam sim no. Tias qhov no yog tam sim no ntawm lub triac firing - qhov tsawg kawg nkaus yuav tsum tau tam sim no tso tawm. Yog hais tias peb tau tshem ntawm cov tswj Circuit Court tam sim no, lub triac yuav nyob rau hauv lub conductive lub xeev. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv no hom nws yuav khiav mus txog rau thaum tej lub sij hawm raws li ntev raws li qhov tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub anode Circuit Court yog ntau tam sim no kaw.

Yuav ua li cas txwv yog yuam thaum uas siv cov Triac

Nws yog yooj yim mus siv thaum lub load yog inductive. Tus nqi ntawm voltage hloov thiab tam sim no xwb. Thaum lub triac keyboards ntawm lub xauv hom qhib, muaj yog ib tug tseem ceeb tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub sab nraud Circuit Court. Voltage tsis poob instantly rau lub hwj chim terminals ntawm lub triac. A hwj chim yuav instantly loj hlob thiab nce mus txog heev qhov tseem ceeb. Lub zog uas yog dissipated, vim lub qhov chaw me me heev tsub kom qhov kub ntawm lub semiconductor.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tau siab tshaj lub tseem ceeb heev tus nqi yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm tus siv lead ua, vim excessively sai sawv tam sim no. Yog hais tias ib tug triac, uas yog nyob rau hauv ib tug xauv mob, pheev ib nro thiab txiav nws mus rau ntxiv, yuav muaj ib tug channel qhib (nyob rau hauv qhov qhaj ntawv los ntawm ib tug tswj Circuit Court ntawm lub teeb liab). Qhov no tshwm sim tau cai vim lub fact tias tus nqi txuam tshwm sim hauv lub cab capacitance ntawm lub semiconductor. Ntxiv mus, tus nqi tam sim no muaj ib tug nqi txaus rau account cov triac.