Thaum nws yug los thiab tuag Pleshcheev. Plescheev Aleksey Nikolaevich: biography

Aleksey Plescheev yog ib tug radical Lavxias teb sab paj huam. Nws yog dav npe hu rau nws heev heev txhais los ntawm lus Askiv thiab Fabkis, raws li zoo raws li lub zoo kwv huam rau cov me nyuam. Muaj ntau ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm no cov sau tau teem rau suab paj nruag los ntawm Tchaikovsky thiab Rachmaninoff, thiab tau ua heev nrov. Tab sis thaum nws yug los thiab tuag Pleshcheev? Yuav ua li cas nthuav cov txheej xwm tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nws lub neej? Thiab nws tau nws muaj koob meej?

Early xyoo thiab kev kawm ntawv

Nyob rau hauv Kostroma, Kaum ib hlis 22, 1825 yug ib tug me ntsis Alex, uas yuav rais los tsis tau tsuas yog ib tug Lavxias teb sab txawj sau ntawv thiab kws sau paj lug, tab sis kuj yog ib tug zoo-paub txhais lus. Nws yug los rau hauv ib tug noble tsev neeg, hmoov tsis, pluag heev, thiab tau koom mus rau ib tug heev ancient tsev neeg. Ntawm cov pog koob yawg koob ntawm Alexei Nikolaevich yog txawm St. Aleksey Moskovsky. Vim lub fact tias cov tsev neeg tau destined rau ib co neeg sau ntawv, cov kev cai ib txwm muaj tshwj xeeb venerated.

Tus tub sai poob nws txiv, thiab nws txoj kev kawm ntawv mas koom niam, Elena. Alexey tau txais ib qho kev kawm zoo nyob rau hauv tsev, thiab xwb ces, thaum lub insistence ntawm kuv niam, pib mus qhia nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv lub khwb warrant tub ceev xwm nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg. Aleksey Plescheev sai sai poob kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv cov tub rog kev pab thiab nyob rau hauv 1843 tshuav lub tsev kawm ntawv yuav pib txoj kev tshawb no ntawm oriental yam lus nyob rau hauv lub University of St. Petersburg.

Raws li cov neeg tshiab thiab tus thawj kauj ruam nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm

Ua li cas nws yog koom nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm txoj kev kawm Aleksey Nikolaevich Plescheev? Biography ntawm lub kws sau paj lug los ntawm no yog txuam nrog ib tug heev interesting personalities. Qhov no yog Andrey Aleksandrovich Kraevsky, Petr Aleksandrovich Pletnev, Maikov, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Saltykov-Shchedrin, thiab lwm tus neeg.

Thiab feem ntau nws cov thawj cov kwv huam Alexey xa los nyeem nws Pletnev, uas yog tsis tsuas cov rector ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, tab sis kuj cov publisher ntawm "Kawm". Thiab Petr Aleksandrovich loj hlob cus plaws tau hais txog lub tswv yim novice kws sau paj lug.

Paj nyob rau hauv nom tswv lub voj voog

Nyob rau hauv 1845 Alexey Pleshcheev ua xav nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm Socialists thiab tau ntsib nrog cov neeg ntawm lub vajvoog, uas hu ua Petrashevists. Lawv twb koom nyob rau hauv cov paj huam thiab nws txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv Russia. Alexei tsis tsuas coj ib feem nyob rau hauv tej kev sib, tab sis kuj tau pib sau dag kwv huam, thiab feem ntau coj txwv tsis pub sau.

Tom qab ntawd nws pib txhais cov phau ntawv ideologue Felicite-Robert de Lamennais, uas cov mej zeej ntawm lub vajvoog tau npaj rau yav tom ntej luam nyob rau hauv lawv cov underground xovxwm. Yog li ntawd Plescheev Aleksey Nikolaevich, uas nws biography tau ua heev zoo txuam nrog cov kev ua ub no nom tswv vajvoog, siv nws lub xyoo ntawm txoj kev tshawb ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv.

Tus thawj sau los ntawm tej hauj lwm, los yog kws sau paj lug-fighter

Tu siab, nyob rau hauv 1845-m Alexei twb yuam kom cuam tshuam nws kev tshawb fawb vim hais tias ntawm cov tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv uas ruaj ntseg. Yog, thiab txoj kev kawm tsis nplua nws. Tab sis nws txiav txim siab los npaj xeem dhau tus xeem raws li ib tug sab nraud me nyuam kawm ntawv, ua kom tiav lawv cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias nws sab laug lub tsev kawm ntawv, kev sib raug zoo nrog cov neeg ntawm lub vajvoog, los yog Petrashevists, nws tsis poob. Feem ntau lawv txawm mus rau nws lub tsev.

Tus thawj sau los ntawm cov kwv huam Pleshcheeva luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1846. Muaj tej hauj lwm raws li "Lub Hu rau cov phooj ywg", "rau pem hauv ntej! Yog tsis muaj kev ntshai thiab tsis ntseeg ..." thiab "cov kev xav ntawm cov kwv tij peb yog nrog koj." Lawv muaj zoo chaw, thiab ob kab lus kawg txawm tau los ua tus anthem ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas. Muaj ntau ntawm nws lub contemporaries pib kho Alexei raws li ib tug kws sau paj lug-fighter. Thiab qhov no yog ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab nthuav tseeb hais txog tej uas narrates nws biography. Aleksey Plescheev tau los ua tus thawj kws sau paj lug rau li cas rau tej xwm txheej uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Fabkis. Nws yog rau qhov no thiab hwm nws Petrashevzy uas sim coj revolutionary tswv yim nyob rau hauv Russia.

Qhov yuav tshwm ntawm kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub voj voog Petrashevists

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, feem ntau cov txawj nyeem ntawv yog xav nyob rau hauv, thiab thaum nws tuag Pleshcheev yug, tab sis yuav ua li cas muaj coob tus neeg paub lwm yam lus tseeb ntawm nws biography? Piv txwv li, qhov tseeb hais tias qhov no zoo kawg kws sau paj lug thiab txawj sau ntawv, zoo li ntau ntawm nws lub contemporaries, kuj tau mus xyuas cov link. Rau ib ntev lub sij hawm Alexey txheej txheem ntawm Petrashevists lub rooj sib tham tsev. Nyob rau hauv 1849 cov tub ceev xwm kev cuam tshuam ib daim qauv ntawm tsab ntawv ntawm Belinsky uas Pleshcheev xa Fedoru Dostoevskomu.

Thiab nyob rau hnub tim 8 Alexei Nikolaevich twb puas tau raug ntes tom qab denounced los ntawm ib tug provocateur. Nyob rau hauv tus neeg zov, nws raug xa mus St. Petersburg thiab kaw nyob rau hauv lub Peter thiab Paul Fortress, qhov uas nws siv yim lub hlis. Thaum lub sij hawm no, 21 cov neeg los ntawm cov convicts tau raug txim mus rau txoj kev tuag. Cov lawv yog, thiab Ales Nikolaevich. Tab sis qhov no yog tsis yog qhov kawg ntawm nws biography. Aleksey Plescheev thiab lwm yam cov neeg raug txim raug coj mus rau qhov chaw uas muab, Semyonov Platz. Ntawm no nws nyeem txoj cai ntawm Nicholas kuv, nyob rau hauv uas lub tiav tau hloov los ntawm qhov sib txawv cov ntsiab lus ntawm reference.

Xyoo ntawm exile, los yog Tswv Yim Qhia Ntawv Vitae. Alekseya Plescheeva kwv huam nyob rau hauv no lub sij hawm

Pleshcheeva enlisted raws li ib tug private nyob rau hauv ib tug convict lub tuam txhab, thiab nyob rau hauv 1850 nws tuaj txog nyob rau hauv Uralsk. Ntawm no nws siv yim ntev xyoo, xya ntawm lawv tau txais kev pab. Tus thawj lub sij hawm nws nyob rau hauv cov kev pab cuam ntawm Alexey tau nyiaj dhau los nyuaj heev. Feem ntau vim tus tsis zoo tus cwj pwm ntawm cov tub ceev xwm. So nws twb tsis tau tso cai, thiab yuav mus ib ntus tsis nco qab txog creativity.

Ntau yam twb hloov txij li thaum Alexei tau ntsib cov qub phooj ywg ntawm nws niam, suav Perovsky, uas yog tus tswv xeev-general. Nws pib patronize Pleshcheyev. Alexei tsis tsuas tau kev nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis kuj yuav ua tau raws li kev nthuav cov neeg - lub tsev neeg ntawm Lieutenant Colonel Victor Deziderevicha Dandevilya, ib co uas poob cev qhev los ntawm Poland, lub kws sau paj lug Taras Shevchenko thiab Mihailom Mihaylovym.

Sau muaj ib yam khoom ntawm lub sij hawm no Aleksey Plescheev? Luv luv biography, uas qhia txog lub sij hawm uas siv, muaj cov lus qhia txog ib co ntawm cov kwv huam, uas nws muaj nplooj siab rau nws tus poj niam thiab Dandevilyu. Nws twb tseem sau thiab dab neeg. Thaum Alexey tuaj koom lub civil kev pab cuam, muaj ntau yam ntawm nws tej hauj lwm nws xa mus rau St. Petersburg, qhov uas lawv tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub "Lavxias teb sab Gazette".

Resumption ntawm creativity thiab kev sib koom tes nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv

Nyob rau hauv 1857, Alex yuav txiv Elikonide Rudneva, thiab nyob rau hauv Tej zaum cov nram qab no xyoo no yog xa nrog nws mus rau St. Petersburg thaum lub sij hawm plaub lub hli so. Ces lawv luv luv rov qab mus rau Orenburg. Thiab ntawm no nws yog ua tau rau teb cov lus nug ntau nyeem thaum Aleksandr Alekseevich Plescheev yug. Cov tub tau yug los nyob rau hauv 1858-m. Tom qab ntawd nws yuav ua paub raws li ib tug journalist thiab ua yeeb yam critic.

Nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj 1859 thawj tsev neeg Pleshcheeva thaum kawg settles nyob rau hauv Moscow. Ntawm no Alexey tau siab ntso nws tus kheej rau sau ntawv. Tam sim no nws sau tsis tau tsuas yog paj huam, tab sis kuj cov dab neeg thiab ob peb novels. Qhov no "legacy", "Leej Txiv thiab Leej Ntxhais", "Niaj hnub" thiab lwm tus neeg.

Alexey nquag koom tes tsis tsuas nrog cov "Kawm", nws kuj yuav qhia tawm rau muab kev koom tes paub ntawv xov xwm "Moscow Gazette". Nyob rau hauv nws Moscow tsev, nws feem ntau npaaj suab paj nruas thiab txawj yav tsaus ntuj. Lawv yuav pom Antona Grigorevicha Rubinshteyna, Petra Chaykovskogo, lub Maly Theatre lam, raws li zoo raws li Turgenev, Tolstoy thiab Nekrasov.

Txuas ntxiv nom tswv kev ua ub no

Plescheev Aleksey Nikolaevich, uas nws biography yog tseem kev cob cog rua nrog nom tswv kev ua si, tseem muab lawv tej hauj lwm rau cov pej xeem thiab kev teeb meem. Ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab motives nyob rau hauv nws cov paj huam ua ib tug revolutionary feat. Nws yog heev siab heev txog qho kev tshwm sim uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1861 (thaum lub loj arrests ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm tau ua). Nws txawm sau tau nyiaj rau cov neeg raug dag hais.

Cov tub ceev xwm mus txuas ntxiv lawv keb soj ntsuam ntawm Alekseem Nikolaevichem Plescheevym. Nws yog tseem xav tias disseminating nom tswv lub tswv yim uas conflicted nrog cov views ntawm tus tsoom fwv. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias nws twb tsis them rau cov suspicions twb yog vim li cas, qhia tau meej heev nqi.

Lub sij hawm ntawm kev nyuaj siab, los yog meager nyiaj tau los ua ib tug kws ntawv

Txij li thaum txawj ua hauj lwm coj ib tug heev me me nyiaj tau los nyob rau hauv uas mus pub lawv tsev neeg yog yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua, Alexei mus rau cov kev pab cuam thiab ua auditor. Uas, ntawm chav kawm, nws yog infinitely depressing. Thaum kawg ntawm lub 1960. nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm los ua tshwj xeeb tshaj yog noticeable nyob rau hauv ib tug phem mus ob peb vas. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog tsis tsuas cov heev heev arrests ntawm cov phooj ywg Alexei Nikolaevich, tab sis kuj cov neeg tuag ntawm ib co. Thiab lwm hnyav tshuab mus rau lub kws sau paj lug thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no - yog txoj kev tuag ntawm nws tus poj niam, leej twg tuag rau hlis ntuj nqeg 3, 1864.

Nyob rau hauv 1868. Nekrasov los ua tus thawj coj ntawm "Sau ntawv ntawm lub Fatherland" thiab caw Alexei Nikolaevich rau tus ncej ntawm Secretary ntawm lub editorial board. Pleshcheev tsiv mus rau St. Petersburg thiab ces ntog rau hauv. Nyob rau hauv "Sau ntawv ntawm lub Fatherland," lub kws sau paj lug tseem mus ua hauj lwm kom txog thaum 1884, thiab tom qab kev tuag ntawm Nekrasov ua ib tug thawj coj. Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm, Alexey tau pab ntau novice sau ntawv thiab Ivan Surikov los txais kev cawmdim los ntawm yus tua yus los ntawm staging nws cov thawj cov ntawv qhia.

Lub xeem hnub ntawm Alexei Nikolaevich thiab nws cov kwv huam

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, ntau nyeem yog xav nyob rau hauv tsuas yog ib lub teeb meem ntawm thaum twg thiab yug tuag Pleshcheev, tab sis yuav tsum paub cov hauj lwm thiab biography ntawm tej Lavxias teb sab txawj sau ntawv raws li ib qho tseem ceeb raws li lub hnub uas nws txoj kev tuag thiab yug. Raws li rau lub tswv yim kev ua si ntawm Alexei Nikolaevich, tom qab tsiv mus St. Petersburg, nws tau sau, yuav luag tsis muaj siv ceev xwmphem kom txog rau thaum nws tuag. Yeej, nws txhais cov paj huam los ntawm Fabkis thiab lus Askiv. Nws yog ntawm no thiab manifested nws lub ntsiab kev txawj ntawm tus kws sau paj lug.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub kawg lub sij hawm ntawm lub neej Pleshcheeva pib mus nyob cov me nyuam cov paj huam. Thiab ntau critics muaj taw tes qhia tawm hais tias cov hauj lwm twb tau sau nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb muaj siab rau lub neej. Ib txhia kwv huam twb txawm nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv nyeem collections thiab ua nrov nrog yau txawj nyeem ntawv, uas tsis tau tsuas hlub no kws sau paj lug, tab sis kuj paub nws biography, thiab hais tias thaum nws yug los thiab tuag Pleshcheev.

Ntau tshaj ib puas romances thiab zaj nkauj

Nyob rau zaj paj huam Alexei Nikolaevich contemporaries thiab composers ntawm lwm tiam nws tau sau ntau tshaj ib puas zaj nkauj thiab zoo nkauj. Lossis loj txaus siab nyob rau hauv creativity Pleshcheeva tshwm sim los Peter Tchaikovsky, uas Alexey ntev lawm thiab tag nrho nws lub neej tseem nyob ib tug heev sov kev sib raug zoo. Nws tsis yog dab tsi xyoo nws twb yug los thiab tuag Pleshcheev, tseem ceeb tshaj, uas nws ua hauj lwm yog ib tug loj loj pab mus rau Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv.

Thiab thaum twg, nyob rau hauv 1893, 26 Cuaj hlis, tuag no kuj zoo kawg kws sau paj lug thiab txawj sau ntawv, muaj ntau yam ntawm nws lub contemporaries muaj ib tug zoo tsis tau. Lub kaum hli ntuj 6, thaum muaj Pleshcheeva pam tuag, ib tug loj loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg sau nyob rau hauv lub ceremony. Cov lawv twb cov hluas sau ntawv, uas muaj dua nug kev pab los ntawm no zoo kawg nkaus tus txiv neej.