Tetracycline: ib tug tshiab tiam ntawm analogues

Tetracycline - ib tug tshuaj tua kab mob, uas pib yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm 50-ies ntawm XX caug xyoo. Niaj hnub no, muaj ntau yam kab mob resistant mus rau yeeb tshuaj ib tiam, lawv tau txais, thiab yog li ntawd nws tsis tau muaj xws li teeb meem los ua ntej. Tab sis nyob rau hauv peb hnub nyob rau hauv yooj yim teeb meem, cov kws kho mob feem ntau pom zoo kom tetracycline: ib tug tshiab tiam ntawm analogues ntse tiv nrog tus kab mob no.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub tetracyclines (hom ntawm kev txiav txim)

Pab pawg neeg cov tetracyclines thiab lawv derivatives (xws li semi-hluavtaws) muaj ib tug me ntsis ntau tshaj 260 cov neeg ua hauj thiab ze li ntawm 40 lub npe. Lawv koom siab los ntawm cov tshuaj qauv: condensed 4-kab system. ntau cov qauv ua zoo xws li cov antimicrobial nyhuv thiab mechanism ntawm lub hwj.

Lub lag luam ntawm tetracyclines yog bacteriostatic zog (muaj peev xwm kom tsis txhob tus hais tawm ntawm kab mob) los ntawm inhibiting (inhibition) uas muaj protein ntau synthesis ntawm microbial hlwb.

Tej ntau zus tau tej cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv no series vim lawv muaj peev xwm kom ua ib tug ntau ntawm cov kab mob. Ntawm cov tom kawg:

• Gram-zoo thiab kab-tsis zoo kab mob,
• rickettsia,
• lub causative tus neeg saib xyuas ntawm trachoma,
• ornithosis tus kab mob no,
• spirochetes,
• leptospira.

Rau ntev xyoo zus tau tej cov ntau kab mob tau tsim kam mus rau lub tshuaj tua kab mob tetracycline. Ib tug analogue li Feem ntau, nws yog zoo dua. Formulations ntawm ob peb txawv tetracycline active tshuaj, cov muaj nuj nqis, muaj zog, thiab ceev ntawm kev txiav txim, txoj kev ntawm daim ntawv thov, tus nqi ntawm haum thiab feem.

Keeb kwm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob

Lub keeb kwm ntawm kev siv ntawm tshuaj tua kab mob yuav pib Lub ob hlis ntuj 12, 1942, thaum thawj cov tshuaj tua kab yog terminally mob, tuag los ntawm cov ntshav lom twb inducted rau hauv lub University of Oxford. Tsis pub dhau ob peb hnub lawv pib los txhim kho, ces lawv tseem tuag. Tshuaj tua kab mob nyob rau hauv txoj cai ntau twb tsis pom.

Cov thawj heev ntawm ib tug loj pawg ntawm tetracyclines tau tau faib (ntawm radiant pwm) chlortetracycline. Niaj hnub no, nws cov kws kho mob thiab cov neeg mob paub hu ua biomitsin los yog aureomycin. Qhov kev tshwm sim tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1945 nyob rau hauv Oxford. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1948, pib nws cov kev soj ntsuam thiab kuaj ntsuam xyuas. Tag nrho cov no yog tsuas yog ib lub xyoo tom qab zoo nkaus li lwm cov tshuaj tua kab ntawm cov pab pawg neeg - terramycin (oxytetracycline). Thiab siv nws rau lam hom phiaj pib nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej, 1950.

Zoo-paub rau tag nrho cov ntawm peb ib tug semi-hluavtaws tetracycline twb tsim nyob rau hauv 1952. Thiab tsuas yog ib lub xyoo tom qab ntawd nws yuav tau cais los ntawm cov kab lis kev cai cov kua fungi.

Cov kab mob muaj heev kuj, lawv yuav tau mus sai sai hloov mus rau tshuaj tua kab mob, uas ua rau yus sab miv nyuas siv zug. Qhov no txoj hmoo tsis yog spared thiab tetracycline.

Niaj hnub no, zaum no yuam kom ua ntau thiab ntau tiam tshiab ntawm tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab cov tsev neeg uas muaj cov tshuaj sai sai tshiab nrog tshiab tshuaj nrog tshiab active cov khoom xyaw.

Thiab ua li ib qho tshuaj tua kab mob thaum uas siv

Zaum rightly xav tias cov sib ntaus tawm tsam microbial kab mob ua tau tsuas yog zoo. Tshuaj tua kab mob - yog inherently tshuaj cais los ntawm cov kab lis kev cai cov kua fungi, pwm los sis kab mob uas muaj peev xwm ntawm nyhuv dejnum nyob rau lwm lub microorganisms.

Niaj hnub no, muaj ob txoj kev los mus tsim tshuaj tua kab mob. Lawv yog ua los ntawm cov khoom pov tseg ntawm uas muaj sia nyob, los yog semi-hluavtaws txhais tau tias.

Nruj me ntsis hais lus, tam sim no semi-hluavtaws tetracycline - uas zoo sib xws tshuaj cais los ntawm nyob microorganisms. Muaj ntau zaum ntseeg tias los ntawm kev siv qhov tseeb yees tshuaj tua kab mob yog kev rau cov neeg mob.

Scope tetracycline tsev neeg ntawm cov tshuaj yog haum sab. Yog li ntawd, lawv yog siv:

• nyob rau hauv inflammatory kev ntawm lub Upper thiab qis hlab pas (bronchitis, tracheitis, mob ntsws, pleural epiemy) tshwm sim los ntawm rhiab kab mob;
• nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm Upper pa kab mob;
• rau cov kev kho mob ntawm lub qhov muag mob;
• nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm kis kab mob ntawm cov urogenital kheej (cystitis, prostatitis, pyelonephritis, gonorrhea, syphilis);
• rau cov kev kho mob ntawm mob thiab ntev kab mob ntawm daim siab thiab biliary ib ntsuj av tau (cholecystitis, dysentery);
• rau cov kev kho mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij kab mob (ua paug, boils, panaritiums);
• nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm febrile lub xeev (Q kub taub hau, daj Roob pom fever).

hom tshuaj

Kev lag luam kws ntse ua tshuaj tua kab mob raws li tej yam ntuj tso raw cov ntaub ntawv thiab semi-hluavtaws tshuaj. Niaj hnub no yog tsis tsuas siv tetracycline - ib tug tshiab tiam ntawm analogues muaj npaum li cas lawv qhov chaw ntawm cov tsev neeg loj loj ntawm tshuaj tua kab mob.

Yog li, ntawm cov semisynthetic yuav tau hu doxycycline thiab methacycline (derivatives oxytetracycline). Cov tiam tom ntej ntawm tetracycline thiab steel morfotsiklin glikotsiklin. Ib tug tshiab neej coj kev npaj "oleandomycin" raws li oletetrin thiab olemorfotsikline.

Thoob plaws tej chaw txais minocycline.

Ib qho ntawm feem ua hnub no yog "Doxycycline" thiab nws cov derivatives, tab sis nrog rau qhov tseeb tshuaj thiab ua "tetracycline". Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws occupies ib tug tseem ceeb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv no ntau yam ntawm tshuaj tua kab mob.

Txawv thiab ntau npaum cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua xeem muaj tsuas tshuaj thiab hmoov-txhaj tshuaj.

Lub earliest ntaub ntawv ntawm tetracycline twb hmoov. Lawv diluted nyob rau hauv saline thiab txhaj intramuscularly. Chiv lub koob twb siab vim qhov uas tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov nquag muaj, thiab tshuaj yog heev heev. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, nrog rau tshuaj pib mus thov cov ntsiav tshuaj.

Ntsiav tshuaj thiab tshuaj

Niaj hnub no tetracycline tshuaj tua kab mob - ib tug ntau yam ntawm liofizilatov, ntsiav tshuaj, tshuaj pleev, qhov muag dauv, syrups. Tam sim no muaj cov tshuaj uas muaj tetracycline. Ib tug analogue ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj nyob rau hauv ib co twg daws tau qhov teeb meem ntawm tsis zoo zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob nyob rau hauv lub plab thiab hnyuv. Niaj hnub no, feem ntau ntawm cov pab pawg neeg lub ntawm tshuaj tua kab mob tetracycline qhov ncauj tso cia li nyob rau hauv tsiav tshuaj los yog ntsiav tshuaj, zaj duab xis-coated. Cov no yog cov npaj raws li nram qab no derivatives:

• doxycycline ( "Bassado", "Vidoktsin", "Dovitsin", "Doxycycline"),
• oleandomycin ( "oletetrin")
• oxytetracycline thiab erythromycin ( "Eritsiklin")
• minocycline ( "minocycline")

Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li nyob rau hauv lub sij tetracycline "Akos tetracycline", "tetracycline Lect" tetracycline hydrochloride.

Cov kev siv ntawm cov tshuaj ntaub ntawv yog qhia rau tag nrho cov hom ntawm Internal kab mob: urinary, bronchopulmonary, plab hnyuv. Lawv yog siv raws li ib tug adjunct mus rau kev kho mob ntawm ENT kab mob thiab tej tawv nqaij cov teeb meem. Muab tshuaj tetracycline pab pawg neeg ntawm cov neeg laus thiab cov me nyuam los ntawm 8-12 xyoo (nyob ntawm seb cov tshuaj). Piv txwv li, tetracycline thiab methacycline muab lub hnub nyoog ntawm 8, doxycycline - 9, oksitetartsiklin - 10.

Txawm li cas los, tsis tau yuav rau lawv tus kheej es tsis txhob ntawm cov hoob khoom, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv tetracycline analogue. Thiab cov lus qhia, ua tib zoo kawm ua ntej kev kho mob, thiab sau txog cov tshuaj zoo xyuas tsis yog ib tug guarantee hais tias txhais tau hais tias yog txoj cai rau koj. Yog, lawv yuav tsum yog tib yam raws li tau piav nyob rau hauv lub xaus thiab koj uas twb muaj lawm cov tsos mob; Yog, ib tug neeg nyob ze, hais kom koj cov tshuaj no, puas zoo dua cia li tom qab thawj zaug ntsiav tshuaj; yog, tus active cov khoom xyaw yog zoo tib yam nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si tshuaj ... Tab sis muaj ib tug tshaj plaws, thiab tsis muaj cov log tsheb ntawm repeating cov kws txawj. Thaum ib tug kws kho mob lub sij hawm teem tseg yuav siv sij hawm mus rau hauv tus account ntau yam ntawm cov tshuaj. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, lawv pom zoo cov tshuaj yog zoo tshaj plaws rau no xyov cov ntaub ntawv. Yog li ntawd tsis koom nyob rau hauv sab nraud txiav txim.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub lyophilizate?

Nws yog npaj nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb txoj kev (los ntawm kev soj ntsuam xyuas thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev kom qhuav) hmoov, uas yog ces diluted los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb technology thiab siv cov kev txhaj tshuaj. Tshuaj tej zaum yuav intramuscularly thiab intravenously. Lub lyophilisate tau ntau yam thiaj li zoo, nws muaj peev xwm yuav khaws cia rau ntau ntev tshaj li lub tshuaj tua kab mob uas ua los ntawm lwm yam txhais tau tias, muaj ib tug ntau dua concentration ntawm cov pab neeg sawv cev yog absorbed zoo thiab sai.

Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv qhov kev npaj ntawm cov tshuaj thiab nws cov kev taw qhia yuav tsum tau ua raws nruj me ntsis rau cov lus qhia, txwv tsis pub cov tshuaj yuav tsis tau nws pab zog los yog txawm ua mob rau tus neeg mob.

Tetracycline nws tus kheej muaj peev xwm yuav siv tau raws li cov ntsiav tshuaj, tsiav tshuaj thiab hmoov-cov tshuaj. Freeze-dried khoom raws li nyob rau hauv nws tsis yog, tab sis ib tug xov tooj ntawm nws cov tshiab-tiam analogue ( "Vidoktsin", "Tagitsil") yog muaj tsuas yog raws li ib tug lyophilisate cov kev txhaj tshuaj.

Yuav ua li cas lwm tus muaj peev xwm yuav hloov nrog tetracycline? Analogue nws tsa ntau heev - "Doxycycline". Tshuaj yog muag nyob rau hauv tsiav tshuaj los yog raws li ib tug freeze-dried khoom.

Tetracycline nrog nystatin

Qhov no tshiab tiam ntawm cov tshuaj uas tsis muaj tsuas yog tus tua ua si tab sis kuj anti-fungal. Nws muaj lub tetracycline thiab nystatin nyob rau hauv sib npaug zos nqi, nws muaj ib tug broad spectrum ntawm kev txiav txim, siv nyob rau hauv lub ENT kab mob, mob ntsws, cholecystitis, venereal cov kab mob, plab hnyuv kab mob, pob txuv, mob cov kab mob ntawm lub pob txha thiab nqaij mos. Muaj nyob rau hauv zaj duab xis-coated ntsiav tshuaj.

Muaj ntau qhov chaw yog tsis heev tshuaj hu ua "Nystatin" "oletetrin" "tetracycline" hloov ntsiav tshuaj "tetracycline nrog nystatin". Analogues uas yog zoo tib yam miv nyuas siv zug thiab hom ntawm kev txiav txim nrog cov tshuaj no yog tsis tau muab. Qhov saum toj no npaj tsuas yog cov lub zog.

Syrups thiab ncua

Lug siv nyob rau hauv xyuas ncua, thiab syrups thereof. Tag nrho cov niam txiv paub yuav ua li cas cov me nyuam yog tsis kam mus haus dej haus lub ntsim ntsiav tshuaj, tsis tsuas yog, thiab tetracycline (ntsiav tshuaj). Analogs - slurry yog tau tso cai los npog tsis kaj lub siab saj ntawm cov tshuaj, ua rau nws swm txais tos. Pharmacology mas ua tshwj xeeb hmoov uas yog ces diluted mus rau ib tug slurry lub xeev, thiab ces ib tug phoov.

Raws li cov hmoov slurry nws tus kheej ua tetracycline thiab tetracycline hydrochloride. Ntawm cov tshiab tiam ntawm cov tshuaj yuav tau hu doxycycline hydrochloride, doxycycline monohydride, oxytetracycline hydrochloride.

Cov kev siv ntawm ib ncua kev kawm ntawm cov feem ntau xyaum uas mob khaub thuas thiab ua pa pathology nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam.

tshuaj pleev

Tshuaj pleev raws li tetracycline tsim rau sab nraud siv thiab rau kev kho mob ntawm lub qhov muag mob. Tsis li ntawd, ntev dhau los, kuv thov tetracycline tshuaj pleev, nws twb muab txawm rau cov me nyuam (los ntawm 8 xyoo). Tab sis lub sij hawm tsis sawv tseem, tus kws ua lag luam yog Iwj uas niaj hnub cov tshuaj uas tshem tshuaj lub sij hawm peb niam thiab grandmothers. Yuav ua li cas yuav hloov tau qhov no tshuaj pleev? Tetracycline analogs peb muaj npe hu ua saum toj no. Los ntawm kev npaj rau nws cov hauv paus, nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv uas yuav tau hu ua "Kolbitsion", nyob qhov twg, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus tetracycline, chloramphenicol thiab muaj xws li kolistimetat. Zoo-cov pov thawj "Tobradeks", txawm li cas los, ntawm no lub active tshuaj tobramycin, thiab nws tsis yog ib qho analogue ntawm tetracycline, tab sis muaj ib tug zoo li cov nyhuv.

Tshuaj pleev rau lwm daim ntawv thov (tetracycline) tej zaum kuj yuav hloov cov tshuaj "Akos tetracycline". Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, pom zoo cawm cov ntau, tab sis lawv cov active tshuaj yog tsis suav tias yog los ntawm peb ib tug pab pawg neeg ntawm cov tshuaj, lawv tsuas muaj ib tug uas zoo sib xws cov nyhuv.

ncos

Lub cim tshiab rau lub hauv paus ntawm doxycycline khoom muaj raws li qhov muag dauv. Qhov no, piv txwv li, "Innolir", nws yog zoo nyob rau hauv ntau qhov muag mob.

Nws hloov ib tug tshuaj tua kab mob xws li tetracycline analogue "Oxytetracycline" (tshuaj) yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi xwb conditionally. Thiab faus lawv ob lub qhov muag yuav ua tau tsuas nyob rau hauv huab mob thiab nyob rau hauv lub saib xyuas ntawm cov kws kho mob.

Nyob rau hauv kev siv raws li ib tug ophthalmic tetracycline qhov muag tshuaj pleev (1% thiab 3%), tiam sis lwm cov tshuaj raws li tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm no pab pawg neeg yog tsis tam sim no.

Li cas rau cov nqe lus ntawm contraindications

Feem ntau, yog hais tias koj tsis siv cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm tej tshuaj li tetracycline analogue thiab ib tug hloov nyob rau hauv cov pab pawg neeg match txig. Tus kws kho mob yuav muab tshuaj rau ib tug tshiab tiam ntawm cov tshuaj (doxycycline, oxytetracycline, methacycline), uas yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv no qhov teeb meem, thiab nws yuav pab tau zoo.

Ntawm cov ntau contraindications yog:

• kev tsis haum tshuaj rau tetracycline;
• cev xeeb tub;
• lactation;
• Cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv 8 lub xyoos ntawm hnub nyoog;
• mob loj heev rau lub siab puas.

Lub txaus ntshai siv tetracycline thiab nws analogs?

Ib tug feature ntawm tag nrho cov tshuaj tua kab mob yog hais tias lawv ua tau ntau yam kev phiv cov txheej xwm. yog tsis muaj tsuas yog, thiab tetracycline. Analogues ntawm (ib yam ntawm cov tshiab tiam) kuj muaj feem ntau ntawm lawv. Yog li, feem ntau phiv nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm luv luv yuav tsum tau txais:

• tsis qab los noj mov, xeev siab los yog ntuav;
• kiv taub hau thiab mob taub hau;
• raws plab, flatulence;
• o ntawm lub sab hauv ntawm lub plab, gastritis, thiab proctitis.

Nrog heev siv, cov neeg mob feem ntau xa mus rau ntawm cov tsis kaj siab tsos mob:

• ntaus cim deterioration ntawm txha hniav laus;
• stomatitis;
• exacerbation ntawm mob txeeb zig kab mob;
• nce rhiab heev rau tshav ntuj;
• txoj kev loj hlob ntawm fungal kab mob.

Kuv hloov lub tetracycline zoo?

Feem ntau lo lus nug no tu leej twg yog attentive mus rau lawv noj qab haus huv, thiab nyeem cov lus qhia rau kev siv ntawm cov hoob khoom.

Tsis tau hu ua txawm medicament, lub ntsiab active tshuaj yog ib tug tetracycline. Analogue (ib yam ntawm cov pab pawg neeg) raws li cov thawj, tseem yuav muaj ib tug ntau ntawm contraindications. Txawm li cas los, nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov hais tias ntawm no uas cov tshuaj muaj koomhaum kws kho mob, thiab ua ntej uas nws muaj los mus luj lub peev xwm kev pab los ntawm cov kev siv thiab tau zoo txim.

Cov kws kho mob muab tshuaj (qhov no siv rau cov tetracycline pab pawg neeg) xwb nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob qhov twg cov kev pab cuam outweigh cov tau zoo txim.

Ntawm nws tus kheej siv cov tshuaj no los yog nws analogs nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub tsis yooj yim sua. Qhov no kuj siv rau cov tshuaj pleev tshuaj pleev. Tom qab ntev lawv siv yuav ua rau teeb meem loj.