Swedish Tank sib ntaus sib tua: kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov qauv thiab piav

Ib tug kos npe rau ntawm kev ywj pheej yog cov obligatory xub ntiag ntawm nws armed forces. Cov tub rog ntawm txhua lub teb chaws yog muab faib ua ob peb lub ntsiab qhov chaw, namely, Cua Dag Zog Yuam, Marine rog thiab av rog. Nyob rau hauv lem, tus tub rog compulsorily tiav nrog armored kev sib cais, tsis muaj uas nws yog tsis yooj yim sua xav txog tej yam qhov kev siv ntawm loj-scale tub rog ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm uas peb yuav tham txog xws li ib tug tub rog lub tsheb, lub Swedish tank. Hais txog nws tham ntxiv.

keeb kwm ntaub ntawv

Lub ntiaj teb ua ntej ua tsov ua rog twb tsis poob rau lub Swedish tub rog nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias lawv yog zoo saib cov armored tsheb thiab nrhiav rau ntau txoj kev los modernize nws pab tub rog. Chiv, Swedes xav mus yuav cov British tank rau nws ncauj lus kom ntxaws txoj kev tshawb no, tab sis lub tswv yim thiaj li tsis kam lees vim hais tias Swedish tswj tau txiav txim siab hais tias tus deal yog kim heev (40 000 kroons).

German dag

Sweden tus thawj tank yog ib tug tsheb laij teb. Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, nws lub suab ua dag, tab sis nws yog nyob rau hauv lub guise ntawm ua liaj ua teb machinery lub teb chaws Yelemees tom qab lub yeej nyob rau hauv tsov rog ntawm Sweden muag 10 ntawm nws cov tso tsheb hlau luam Lk-II. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub tshuab tauj unassembled, thiab qhov kawg los ua ke ntawm lub tso tsheb hlau luam yog nqa tawm nyob rau Swedish av. Cov thawj heev kev sib ntaus los lub tsheb twb tau koom ua ke Scandinavians nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis 1922, thiab muaj kaum units nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj nyob rau alert. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg 1924, cov Swedish tso tsheb hlau luam npe hu ua M / 21.

Modernization

Thaum lub sij hawm 1924-1925 xyoo nyob rau cov cav tov, thwmsim tau ua rau nruab ib lub xov tooj cua noj. Tag nrho 10 tso tsheb hlau luam yog tam sim no, "tus thawj phau ntawv" rau cov Swedish tub rog engineers rau tag nrho kev lag luam. Nyob rau hauv 1929, ib tug nyob rau hauv nqe ntaus rog ntawm cov chav nyob tau kho: lawv muab Swedish Scania Vabis 1554 xyaw, lub hwj chim ntawm txhua tus ntawm uas yog 85 horsepower (German analogue muaj ib tug 56 hp ..).

Lub tswv yim ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm General

Nyob rau hauv 1928, tus Thawj ntawm General neeg ua hauj lwm tshaj tawm Hammarskjold yuav tsum hais tias yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov Swedish tank:

• Optimum firepower (ob tshuab phom thiab rab phom yuav tsum tau ntsia rau lub tshuab).
• Rau yav tom ntej tus ntoo khaub lig-lub teb chaws los ntawm cheeb tsam (tsawg kawg yog 10 km / h tshaj ntxhib struts thiab tsawg kawg yog 20 km / h nyob rau hauv ib tug ib txwm txoj kev).
• Armor yuav tsum tau muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm hluav taws kub cannon caliber 37 hli.
• Tus luj ntawm lub tank yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 12 tons, yog li ntawd nws muaj peev xwm kis tau los ntawm cov txuas hniav tsis muaj teeb meem.

muaj engineers

Tam sim ntawd ib tug xov tooj ntawm tej yaam num los ntawm ntau yam tuam txhab uas muag tau lawm. Nyob rau hauv kev Mogårdshammarstridsvagnen tank tau tau npaj nyob rau hauv lub thib rau lub embodiment, cov uas muaj ib qho chaw tshuab muaj rooj noj rail. Txawm li cas los, peb tes num tsis tau tsim vim hais tias ntawm txoj kev tuag ntawm nws sau.

Nyob rau hauv lem, lub tuam txhab "Landsverk" muaj nws Swedish tank STRV hu ua L-5. Nws yeej muaj lub peev xwm yuav tawm mus los yog nyob rau hauv lub lem, thiab yeej omits lub log rau tsav rau txoj kev loj. Ntawm riam phom yog ib tug caliber 37 hli cannon thiab ob tshuab phom. Txawm li cas los, nws yog heev tsis muaj zog phau ntawv lub tshuab ntawd mas siv ib lub tshuab-phom tua hluav taws.

Lub era ntawm lub xyoo 1930

Qhov no Swedish tank twb tsis txais yuav los ntawm, tab sis nws thiaj li los ua lub hauv paus rau zus tau tej cov tsheb nyob rau hauv 1930, L-30 - ib lub log-tracked tank. Qhov no cov tub rog cov khoom muaj peev xwm mus qhia zoo heev ceev yam ntxwv ntawm lub xyoo 1931 raug kev sim siab. Nrog ib tug kev sib ntaus los luj ntawm 11,500 kg, tank lem rau ceev mus txog 35 km / h, thiab RV - mus txog rau 75 km / h.

Tom qab, Swedish tso tsheb hlau luam 30 xyoo tau txais xwb ib kab ntsig. Lub log tsis kam. Cov feem nrov tsheb txais L-10, manufactured los ntawm "Landsverk". Lawv muaj ob tug cov tsheb thauj khoom, txhua tus uas muaj ob tug pab txhawb nqa chais kawm. Nyob rau hauv lem, tus chais nqa ntxaib thiab muaj ib tug roj hmab band. Tsheb tib los ua ke bracket tsau nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub sab hauv nkoj thiab muaj cushioning. Lub frontal cov cuab yeej ntawm lub tshuab yog sib npaug zos rau 24 hli. Los ntawm txhais tes rau ntawm lub tshuab muaj ib tug 37 hli Cannon "Bofors" manufactured projectile nyob rau qhov kev ncua deb ntawm 300 meters yav tas los ntawm 42 mm hlau ntawv, nrog ib tug deb ntawm 1000 m - 28 mm ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd muaj yog ib rab phom thiab 6.5 hli caliber.

Nyob rau hauv 1934, "Landsverk" muaj ob tug tshiab designs rau lwm Armed Forces: tank L-100, uas muaj ib tug me ntsis ntawm lawv tus kheej luj, thiab tau tsim rau reconnaissance, raws li zoo raws li L-60 - lub txais rau L-10, uas Ameslikas twb yuav tsum tau exported, thiab vim hais tias cov Swedish tub rog tau yuav tus thawj ob peb ntawm cov cav tov xwb nyob rau hauv 1937. Tank L-60 yog 15 lub hli tsis siv neeg cannon thiab armor 20 mm caliber.

Nyob rau hauv 1939 nws tau raug txais yuav Tank M-39, nruab nrog ib tug semi-automatic phom "Bofors" nrog ib lub cheeb ntawm 37 hli thiab ob tshuab phom. Pej thuam muaj ib tug tshiab.

Lub sij hawm ntawm lub 1940s

Yog hais tias peb xav txog cov Swedish tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm ob ntiaj teb rog, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb yuav tau nco ntsoov hais tias cov kev loj hlob ntawm tank txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv Sweden thaum lub sij hawm pab rau cov kev ntawm cov German tub rog, uas yuam cov Swedes los txhim nws views on lub tank rog raws li ib tug tag nrho.

Nyob rau hauv 1942, qhov kev pab cuam tau kev pom zoo nyob rau hauv Sweden, aimed ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub Armed Forces thiab muab rau lub tsev lag luam ntawm peb armored brigades. Nyob rau hauv txhua tus ntawm lawv yuav tsum muaj ob tug battalions. Tag nrho cov xov tooj ntawm cov kev sib ntaus los tsheb totaled 315 units ntawm lub teeb thiab 228 hnyav.

Swedish lub teeb tank m / 40K yog ib qho ntawm feem nrov nyob rau hauv cov tub rog ntawm no Scandinavian lub teb chaws. Lub tsheb tau txais ib tug tam ncua kev kawm ntawv thiab xyaw nrog ib tug tso zis ntawm 160 horsepower. Pem taub hau reservation yog 50 hli thiab lub hlaws - 20 mm. Muaj kuj yog cov ntaub ntawv uas cov Swedes tswj kom tau los ntawm lub German txhua yam kis tau tus mob, zoo ib yam li cov neeg siv nyob rau hauv lub m / 39.

Swedish ceg tso tsheb hlau luam m / 41 tseem tau siv tam armor pem hauv ntej thiab aft feem. Pej thuam yog ib tug yooj yim to taub qauv, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ntau haib armor. Tag nrho cov yam ntxwv hloov tau coj mus rau lub fact tias engineers yuav tsum tau kom qhov ntev ntawm lub vaj tse rau 65 hli thiab ua rau kom cov roj tank peev xwm (los ntawm 190 mus 230 litres). Tsis tas li ntawd xam tias yog qhov tseem siv ib tug ntau npaum tsim ntawm welded hull thiab turret, tab sis nws twb txiav txim siab hais tias tus zus tau tej cov reformatting yuav siv sij hawm ntau heev lub sij hawm, thiab nyob rau hauv lub kawg lub tswv yim no twb tso tseg.

Swedish tso tsheb hlau luam m / 42 muaj ib tug luj sib npaug zos rau 22.5 tons. Cov neeg coob yog plaub. Tam txheej txheem raws li caj npab muaj 75-hli ntxaib cannon caliber tshuab rab phom, thiab ob 8 hli. Qhov thib peb phom twb mounted rau hauv chav kawm ntawv. Thiab turret casing yog welded ua ke thiab muaj ib tug streamlined zoo. Lawv yuav siv cov molded qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub frontal ib feem. Armor tsheb mus txog 55 hli (ib txhia qhov chaw hais tias qhov no daim duab txawm mus txog 80 hli). Cav thiab kis tau tus mob twb tau nyob rau hauv ob peb lub versions, uas tau txais qhov tsim nyog ob-tsab ntawv code. Early cov qauv ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam tau nruab nrog dual propulsion system nrog ib tug muaj peev xwm ntawm 325 horsepower thiab muaj ib phau ntawv kis tau tus mob thiab electro-mechanical kev tswj. Tej lub sij hawm tom qab lub tsheb pib tsim tsis siv neeg transmissions rau txhua txhua tus lub xyaw. Ib me ntsis tom qab lub tso tsheb hlau luam pib tsim ib leeg-cav manufactured "Volvo", lub hwj chim ntawm uas, raws li ntau yam kev kwv yees, yuav mus txog 380 rau 410 horsepower. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj ib tug qhov chaw thiab ib tug tsis siv neeg kis tau tus mob uas twb tau koom.

Txawm tias tag nrho cov kev sib txawv, tag nrho cov tso tsheb hlau luam m / 42 muaj tib lub siab tshaj plaws zog ceev - 42 km / h.

Nyias, ob peb ua qauv tau sau rau commanders, cov kuaj tshwj xeeb nruab nrog koom haum pab transceiver muaj ib tug 70-watt transmitter. Nws twb muab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw txawv teb chaws pauv tshuab-phom installation, uas hloov lub cev zoo crafted layouts.

Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1944-1945 lub ntsiab tawm quab yuam ntawm cov Swedish armored rog cas m / 42 tshuab. Cov Swedish tso tsheb hlau luam, yees duab hauv qab no, yog cov nyob deb superior rau lawv cov predecessors nyob rau hauv lub caj npab, thiab nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm cov neeg coob zog. Tab sis, txawm tag nrho cov no, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm 1944 qauv no yog nyob rau hauv qab ntawm cov kev ntsuam xyuas nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm nruab nrab tso tsheb hlau luam ces uas twb muaj lawm ntiaj teb no cov qauv. Nws barreled phom 75 hli inch yog heev inefficient vim cov uas tsis muaj thawj zaug tshaj tawm armor-tho projectile davhlau. Yuav kom qhov no yuav tsum tau ntxiv, thiab kuj tau teeb meem loj nrog kev ntseeg: chassis sai sai coj qhws tawm, overloaded kev sib hloov mechanism, tsis kam electromechanical kis tau tus mob.

Ntaus self-propelled artillery

Nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj 1941, lub taub hau ntawm lub Army pom zoo qhov yuav tsum tau rau txoj kev loj hlob thiab zus tau tej cov self-propelled phom. Twb tau nyob rau thaum ntxov 1942, soj ntsuam ntawm lub tsab installation rau tank chassis m / 38 caliber phom nrog 74 hli pom tau tias cov ntau lawm ntawm ib tug heev pheej coj.

Ntxiv ua hauj lwm qhia hais tias lub feem ntau zoo yog m / 41 chassis. Nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj 1943, nws pib txoj kev loj hlob ntawm nws tus kheej-propelled phom nrog ib rab phom caliber 75 hli m / 02. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo lub xeem Pav m / 43 machines tau ua, uas pom tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws-cov pov thawj 105mm howitzer.

Nyob rau hauv 1944, tus kheej-propelled phom raug coj mus rau kev pab cim Sav m / 43. Cov tshuab tau borrowed chassis m / 41 SII, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw turret txiav thawv twb muab tso rau, nruab nrog frontal armor 50 mm tuab. Nyob rau hauv lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov cuab yeej advocated phom nrog ib lub cheeb ntawm 75 hli. Txawm li cas los, txij li thaum 1945, peb pib hloov nyob rau hauv lub caliber ntawm 105 hli. Combat Kit yog 43 txhaj tshuaj tag. Rau siv raws li ib tug phem riam phom ACS tsis mus, vim hais tias nws yog tsis muaj phom thiab yuav tsum tau kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv anti-tank phom.

lub postwar lub sij hawm

Swedish hnyav tso tsheb hlau luam pib yuav tsum tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1949. Project los ua ib tug hnyav thiab haib machines KRV tau txais cipher. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua hauj lwm ntawd los ua ib tug hnyav tank kev sib ntaus los luj ntawm uas yog yuav tsum tau 40-45 tons.

Chiv, raws li lub ntsiab ntsuas xam tau tias yog phom 105, 120 thiab 155 hli. 155 hli cannon caliber yog cov feem nthuav, tab sis tseem tsis lees paub nws. Tom qab koj siv ib tug tej yam kev soj ntsuam, cov tub rog opted rau lub 120-hli rifled rab phom.

Txoj kev tshawb no coj mus rau lub kev kho uas tus engineers tau ntxias: muab cov Desired qhov ceeb thawj thiab loj ntawm lub tank yog tsim nyog los tso tseg tag nrho cov ib txwm pej thuam. Peb pom tau hais tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv rau txoj kev hloov mus oscillating turret, uas twb muaj li ntawm ob qhov chaw. Lub sab ib feem ntawm nws twb npaj mus rau qhov chaw nyob rau hauv tus caum qab. Nws yuav them rau cov kev kab rov tav kev taw qhia cov cuab yeej. Lub sab qaum kev ib yog tsiv nyob rau hauv ib ntsug dav hlau.

Yog li ntawd hais tias tus tshiab Swedish ceg ntawm tso tsheb hlau luam yog tsim, nws twb txiav txim siab mus yuav los ntawm Fabkis hnyav tank AMX 50. Tom qab saib tag nrho cov ntawm nws cov nta, lub Swedes launched ib qhov project hu ua KRV Emil. Lub creators npaj los tsim ib tug pej thuam, muaj tag nrho cov tsim nyog cov khoom thiab automation, yog li ntawd muaj yog tsis muaj yuav tsum tau muaj tus neeg. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, qhov no mus kom ze tau tshwm sim los xij, tab sis tseem peb variants ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej tank twb tsim.

Tus thawj muab kev koom tes tau tej cov machine uas nyob nruab nrab ntawm 28 tons. Tus qauv yuav tsum 5.8 meters ntev, 2.6 meters dav thiab 2,35 meters nyob rau hauv qhov siab. Caliber rab phom - 120 hli.

Lub pem hauv ntej ib feem ntawm lub tank yuav tsum ib tug Haven rau tus neeg tsav tsheb, qhov nruab nrab yog faib rau oscillating turret, thiab rov qab - nyob rau hauv lub cav-kis tau tus mob compartment. Pej thuam tau kom haum raws li lub gunner thiab tank commander. Cov cuab yeej nyob rau hauv lub sab ntawm lub tshuab thiab pub yog 20 mm, thiab rau pem hauv ntej ib feem - 70 mm. Pej thuam yog txawm peem rau nrog loj tiv thaiv: nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej feem 150 mm, sab thiab rear - 30 mm. Dvadtsativosmitonny tank npaj rau equip ib tug haib engine 550 l. ib tug.

Cov feem nthuav ib feem ntawm lub tshuab yog ib tug pej thuam, uas muaj ib tug qev ib feem. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws txwv lub ntim yuam ua hauj lwm kom equip tub rog cov khoom kom autoloader. Nyob rau hauv lub tsheb ntawm tus pej thuam twb npaj mus rau qhov chaw ob lub nruas, uas yuav tau lub zoo li, raws li zoo raws li lub chaw thau khoom kab chambering thiab mov ntawm cov mos txwv.

Qhov thib ob version ntawm lub tank KRV Emil los siv ib tug ntau haib phom thiab tuab tej cuab yeej. Lub pem hauv ntej ib feem muaj ib tug tuab ntawm 145 hli, ib tug poob - 60 mm. Nyhav machines tau ntau zog rau 38 tons. Lub tswv yim npaj muaj peev xwm ntawm lub engine yog nyob rau ib theem ntawm 665 liters. ib tug.

Cov kev xaiv thib peb - cov feem ntau nyuaj nyob rau hauv lub truest siab ntawm lo lus, vim hais tias cov tshuab yuav tsum luj 42 tonnes thiab muaj ib tug 810 liter engine. ib tug. Cov theem ntawm kev tiv thaiv nyob rau ntawm no tseem nyob ib yam nrog rau ob embodiment ntawm lub tank.

Tu siab rau cov Swedish pab tub rog, KRV Emil project tsis tau crowned nrog zoo tau. Teeb meem nrog txoj kev loj hlob thiab creation ntawm ib tug qev ntauwd coj mus rau lub fact tias cov Swedish tub rog txiav txim siab mus yuav txawv teb chaws technology, li ntawd, lub tso tsheb hlau luam tau British-ua caj npab mus rau Sweden ua ntej pib ntawm lub 2000s.

tank Destroyer

Noj tshais Strv Tank 103 yog lub ntsiab kev sib ntaus los tsev ntawm cov Swedish armored rog nyob rau hauv lub mus txog 1960. Nruj me ntsis hais lus, nws tsis yog li ntawd ntau npaum li cas ib tug tank, yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam fighter. Nws yog endowed nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb layout, uas yog manifested nyob rau hauv qhov qhaj ntawv los ntawm lub pej thuam thiab lub zog compound cuab yeej nrog cov ntaub ntawv. Cov kev taw qhia phom nqa los ntawm txoj kev sib hloov thiab inclination ntawm lub tshuab lub cev nrog rau kev tshem. Tsis tas li ntawd qhov no yog thawj tank ntawm cov ntiaj chaw, uas nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub diesel twb ntsia thiab ib cov roj turbine engine.

Cov riam phom ntawm lub tshuab - phom ntawm 105 hli, peb tshuab rab phom 7,62 hli, ib tug anti-aircraft phom, ob grenade chetyrehstvolnyh. Lub ntsiab cav yog ib tug diesel K-60 muaj peev xwm ntawm 240 liters. nrog, thiab them nyiaj yug -. "Boeing-502" peev xwm ntawm 330 liters. ib tug.

Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tank muaj ib tug duplicate ntawm lwm yam uas nyob aft. Vim li no cov muaj nyob lub xov tooj cua neeg teb xov tooj yuav tau khiav lub tshuab thiab nqa nws nyob rau hauv rov qab yog tias tsim nyog.

Swedish project

Nyob rau hauv 1997, lub tuam txhab Hägglunds pib los tsim tshiab Swedish tank. Peb tes num tau txais cov code CV 90-120.

Qhov no tank yog siv nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub chassis BMP C90. Tsis tas li ntawd peb ntxiv tshwj xeeb tav rigidity, uas tso cai rau kom muaj stability ntawm lub tshuab tom qab tua ntawm 120 hli caliber cannon. Txawm li cas los, vim hais tias ntawm no nws twb dog dig txo dynamic kev ua tau zoo.

Tsav tank - 8-lub tog raj kheej Scania unit npaj hwj chim 640 l. s kis tau tus mob lub tsheb -. Perkins X 300. Qhov no tso cai rau lub tank ntawm ib tug lub cev hnyav ntawm 26 tons nrog ib tug tag nrho cov mos txwv leeb rau 70 km / h. Lub geometry ntawm qhov lem thiab hauv qab yog qhov zoo rau tsav lub tsheb nyob rau hauv ib tug los daus saum npoo av. Cov neeg tsav tsheb yuav siv peb telescopic pab kiag li lawm rau qhov chaw.

Swedish pom CV90120 tank muaj ib tug tsis siv neeg pub ntawm shells thiab them system. Lub tshuab yuav ua mus txog rau 14 rounds ib feeb. Mos txwv zoo li 45. Cov phom yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb ntaus ntawv, nqa tawm lub haum ntawm lub resulting pa luam yeeb tom qab txhaj tshuaj tag.

Tsis Siv Neeg drives cia tus pej thuam mus ua ib tug yeej sib hloov thiab tsiv mus nyob rau kev ntsuas nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm - 8 rau +22 degrees. Cov shooter muaj lub peev xwm los siv ib laser rangefinder, hom phiaj ntaus ntawv, ib tug thermal imager.

Lub invisibility ntawm lub tank yog muab nrog daim ntawv thov Adaptiv masking system kev khiav hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub infrared ntau yam.

Cov txheej ib feem Adaptiv - phaj nrog rau cov ces kaum. Nrog xws ntxwv nta tank tsis tau tsuas yog nws yuav pom tsis tau tus yeeb ncuab tab sis kuj muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj thiaj li hu ua cuav phantom, uas "thim" electronics. Yog hais tias tsim nyog, lub tshuab sprays lub aerosol huab nyob ib ncig ntawm lawv tus kheej, uas yuav ua rau invisibility screen rau ntau tshaj li ob nas this. Lub peev xwm ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog sib npaug zos rau 300 liters.

Muab nyob rau hauv lub tsheb thiab hluav taws xob kev tiv thaiv, uas yuav tsum paub tias mus rau lub neeg coob hais tias lawv cov hoob kawm yog cov txawj ntse ib yam. Tom qab ntawd nws yog tau raws li ib tug ncaj qha kev puas tsuaj ntawm pom kos duab, thiab jamming.

xaus

Qhov no xyuas yog ib txoj kev ntawm lub Swedish tso tsheb hlau luam. Niaj hnub nimno technology yog tsis sawv tseem, thiab lub Scope ntawm tus tiv thaiv kev lag luam yog tsis muaj exception. Tso Tsheb Hlau Luam ntawm niaj hnub no - high-tech tshuab uas yuav txav mus sai sai mus ntes thiab ua kom puas rau tus yeeb ncuab.