SVT-40 (sniper phom loj): xyuas neeg tua tsiaj, yees duab, cov yam ntxwv

Ntawm cov loj loj tus naj npawb ntawm rab phom uas tau siv nyob rau hauv lub 1941-1945 tsov ua rog, lub Soviet cov tub rog, tsis muaj leej twg yog raws li ntau yam xyuas raws li SVT-40 (sniper phom loj). Kws txawj thiab cov tub rog xam tau tias yog nws tsis dhau kev vam meej, yog li phom tso tawm sai sai no lawm.

Cov kev loj hlob ntawm tej riam phom tuaj nyob rau hauv tsov rog xyoo, thaum nyob rau hauv dej ntawm ntau ntsuas tsis qhia zoo. Muaj cov kws muaj txuj tswv yim hais tias yog hais tias tsis rau tsov rog, cov phom loj yuav raug ua lub tsev tsis muaj tus drawbacks, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim muaj ntau ntawm cov neeg uas siv cov riam phom, hais lus ntawm nws zoo.

hauj lwm phom

Rau luv luv stroke piston roj propellant pa roj yog siv, qhov hluav taws xob channel ntawm lub brainstem. Lub koob yees duab yog teev cov dial hloov tus xov tooj ntawm tso tawm kom pom gases uas cuam tshuam rau kev siv cov phom nyob rau hauv sib txawv tshwm sim, thiab tso cai rau koj yuav hloov lub tej yam kev mob rau daim ntawv thov ntawm ntau hom ntawm cov mos txwv.

Lub piston hau lub zog mus rau lub rooj vag, tab sis rov qab mus rau nws cov caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Qia channel lockable rooj vag uas yog skewed nyob rau hauv ib ntsug dav hlau. Lub cev lub thawv yog lwm caij nplooj ntoos hlav uas ua hauj lwm pab rov qab rau cov shutter rau tus ncej nyob rau hauv lub rov qab txoj hauj lwm. Lodge ntawm cov phom loj puas, txhais mechanism yog nqa tawm txhais. Xauv tus txhais khwb yog ua.

Ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv sib ntaus sib tua

cia yog them tsis tshem tawm los ntawm cov phom loj clips. Qhov pom tau ya thiab namushnike. Sniper phom loj SVT-40 nrog ib tug optical pom PU muaj ib tug chim muzzle nres. Tom qab ntawd hloov kho yog qhov muzzle mechanism zoo xws li cov AVT-40 thiab lub bayonet uas ntsia reminiscent ntawm cov hniav yuav tsum tau hnav nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb sheath rau koj siv.

Yog hais tias shooting yuav ua li cas los ntawm ib tug nws txoj hauj lwm, cov riam phom yog txaus siab nrog sab tes laug thiab nyob rau ntawm ib xibtes nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub khw. Cov kev siv ntawm ib tug phom loj los ntawm ib tug zaum txoj hauj lwm, npe thiab txhos caug yuav tuav riam phom rau hauv lub khw. Ib tug zoo-kawm shooter ua ib feeb txog 25 txhaj tshuaj, yog hais tias tus pre-sau khw. Yog hais tias peb ua sau rau hauv cov khw uas muaj ob lub clips, tus xov tooj ntawm txhaj tshuaj yog txo mus rau 20 ib feeb.

Kev siv cov yam khoom uas kom lub tsheb tsis nrov

Sniper phom loj SVT-40 nrog ib tug silencer yog kuaj nyob rau ntau yam nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav 1941. Tus ntaus ntawv yog tsim los tsuas yog rau cov mos txwv ntawm supersonic speeds, thiab nws tsis yog haum rau phom loj mos txwv ntawm txo ceev. Qhov no tsim ntawm lub yam khoom uas kom lub tsheb tsis nrov tsis hloov no cov mos txwv ceev thiab raug ntawm nqe ntaus rog, tab sis lub suab ntawm cov txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv luag extinguished, thiab qhov kev ci ntawm lub flash tseem unchanged.

Gases los ntawm cov hmoov tom qab tua tsis departing los ntawm cov chim thiab muab khaws cia tseg silencer, uas ua rau yus mus rau lub fact tias thaum qhib lub rooj vag tuab dav hlau tsoo lub ntsej muag xib xub. Tus ntaus ntawv rau ntsiag to phom loj tua hluav taws puas thaum lub sij hawm kuaj cov txheej xwm, thiab nws tsim tsis tau tiav.

Nta semi-automatic phom

Thaum lub sij hawm lub Finnish-Soviet rog nyob rau hauv 1939-1940 nws twb xub siv ib tug sniper phom loj SVT-40. Nta thiab kev cov ntaub ntawv:

• caliber phom loj - 7,62;
• phom nyhav 3.8 kg tsis equipping bayonet thiab cartridges;
• caliber bullets - 7,62h54 hli;
• phom loj ntev - 1 m 23 cm;
• tus qauv nqi ntawm hluav taws - los ntawm 20 mus rau 25 rounds ib feeb;
• thawj zaug tshaj tawm los ntawm lub mos txwv - 829 meters ib ob;
• pom deb - txog li 1.5 km;
• magazine tuas 10 mos txwv.

Keeb kwm ntawm creation

Lub siab xav tig ib tug dog dig phom nyob rau hauv tsis siv neeg analogue ua rau lub fact tias starting nqa Fedor Tokarev SVT-38 phom loj, uas thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog nrog rau lub Finns ntxeem kev kawm kev soj ntsuam lub tsev kawm ntawv. Siv nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus los tso cai rau koj kom paub tias tag nrho cov shortcomings ntawm riam phom. Qhov no yog ib tug yawm luj, swb nyob rau hauv lub lag luam, nyhav rau kab mob sib kis thiab tsawg kub readings zoo li raws li ib tug xav tau kev nruam daim ntawv thov ntawm lubrication.

Constructor yog aiming rau ua ib tug sib zog phom loj thiab txo qhov luaj li cas, thaum ua muaj kev cia siab thiab durability. Armourers tsis txo cov linear luaj li cas ntawm qhov chaw uas yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv kev lag luam los ntawm automation. Lawv mus mus los los ua thinner qhov chaw, txo qhov ntev ntawm lub bayonet, thiab lub khw, cover thiab handguard yog niaj ntxwv hloov. Muaj yog ib tug sniper phom loj SVT-40. Photography kis hauv qab no ib tug tsim kev hloov.

Nyob rau hauv 1940 nws tus kheej-loading phom loj nkag ntawm cov tub rog. Cov khoom tau txais qhov yuav tsum tau kawm, lub teeb yuag, tab sis zus ntawm qhov chaw yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv cov kev txiav-phom loj qhov chaw uas tau nkag siab precision raug thiab ua kevcai nco txog kev siv technology tshiab cov kev cai. Riam phom yuav tsum tau tham txij nkawm, uas nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus los yog tsis ib txwm guaranteed.

sniper phom loj

Sniper phom loj Tokarev SVT-40 tsub kom zus tau tej cov xwb lub phaum ua tsov ua rog nyob rau hauv 1940. Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm nws ua ib tug lab phom. Sim raug ua kom equip lub riam phom sniper pom, tab sis los ua ib tug zoo neeg ntawm qhov hluav taws kub yuav tsum hloov tus tsim yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog designers tso tseg lub tswv yim no, thiab cov phom loj yog ua los ntawm cov laus qauv.

rho riam phom

Nyob rau hauv 1942, tus qauv yog tau SVT-40. Sniper phom loj tam sim no ua rau yus tus tsis siv neeg tua hluav taws. Tokarev tab sis phom yog tsis tsim rau tej loads. Self-loading phom loj tsis tus xeem nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus los, vim yog lub foundations ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm shortcomings ntawm ntau lawm yog txo. Nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj 1945, kws muaj txuj ci Committee txiav txim siab tawm ntawm zus tau tej cov SVT-40.

Designer Tokarev yog ua hauj lwm los tsim ib qho tsis siv neeg carbine, raws li nyob rau hauv lub SVT-40. Sniper phom loj qauv 1940 hloov mus rau hauv ib tug carbine, uas nws lub ntsiab muaj nuj nqi yog ib qhov hluav taws kub. Tsis Siv Neeg carbine phom loj retains tag nrho cov tsis zoo. Cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lub hauv pem hauv ntej hais tias cov tub rog tau tsis kam siv riam phom vim hais tias ntawm insecurity, yam ntxwv complexity, tsis txaus cov neeg.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov riam phom

Txawm tias unflattering xyuas ntawm lub SVT-40 sniper phom loj muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm zoo. Lub teeb-ceeb thawj tsim cia agile txav nyob rau hauv ib tug sib ntaus thiab yuam marches. Sniper phom loj txawv los ntawm nws cov txwv zeej txwv koob SVT-40 3,5-fold PU tau, uas muaj ib tug uas tsis muaj ceeb thawj (270 g tag nrho). pom mount pub shooting ntawm ib tug deb ntawm mus txog 600 m.

Cov kev kawm tau ntawm nws tus kheej-loading riam phom yog ib tug nce tus nqi ntawm cov hluav taws piv rau Mosin phom loj. Yooj yim rau siv tso cai rau koj yuav tau txais ib tug rov qab nrog rau cov kev txhaj tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub xub pwg, tsis mus caum cuam thoob.

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm nws tus kheej-loading phom

Sniper phom loj SVT-40 tsis muaj ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov tub rog vim hais tias ntawm lub complexity ntawm tus tsim, uas ua rau nws tsis yooj yim los tsim nyob rau hauv qhuav thiab cov lag luam nyob rau hauv nqe ntaus rog tej yam kev mob. Cov uas yuav tsum tau rau qhov txij nkawm yuav tsis tau ua nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm loj conscription nyob rau hauv wartime. Qhov tsis zoo yog tsis siv txog rau thaum xaus ntawm cov roj mov system thiab tau poob ntawm kev hloov tshem khw, thiab phim kev tsim kho txhawb kuab paug plua tshauv.

Lub siab xav kom tsis txhob hnyav ua rau lub fact tias muaj swb nyob rau hauv lub automatic SVT-40 mechanisms. Sniper phom loj khaws qhov ntev, tab sis tus luj yog txo los ntawm kev siv ntawm lub finer kev nthuav dav thiab ua lub xov tooj ntawm keeb nyob rau hauv lub casing, uas ua rau ntxiv paug.

Sniper phom loj SVT-40 thiab nws siv

Chiv, nws yog npaj hais tias yuav muaj lub ntsiab self-loading phom loj me me caj npab infantry thiab yuav heev kom lub hwj chim ntawm hluav taws tswj hluav taws. Raws li lub xeev lam xav kom muaj ob peb txhiab tus xws riam phom nyob rau hauv txhua division, qhov ratio ntawm semi-automatic phom uas tsis-automatic pab kiag li lawm thiab mechanism los coj lub ratio ntawm 1: 2.

Los ntawm thaum ntxov lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1941 nws ua txog ib tug lab riam phom SVT-40. Sniper phom loj zoov tawm tswv yim tau txais tsis tsuas zoo. Feem ntau ntawm cov riam phom tau feeb meej nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob cheeb tsam ntawm lub ciam teb cheeb tsam. Ib txhij nrog cov phom ua American M1 Garand, uas yog muaj sib npaug nyob rau hauv functionality mus rau lub Soviet daim ntawv.

German armorers siv yuav kuaj ntawm Soviet phom, muab tso tawm los ntawm cov tub rog, raws li cov khoom uas tsis tau. Nruab nrab ntawm lub ntiaj teb twb cim los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias lub Germans tsim thiab tso ib tug phom loj, lub ntsiab lus uas zoo li lub SVT-40. Lub Soviet Union txo qhov kev tso tawm ntawm semi-automatic phom, thiab tsis ntev ntaug zoo rau nws. Lub complexity ntawm lub ntau lawm, ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm tsim kom paub meej ua zus tau tej cov kim thiab unpromising. Cov phom loj 143 muaj 22 lub ntsiab ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua khoom ntawm Cheebtsam siv rau ntau ntau yam tshwj xeeb steels.

ntau yam ntawm kev hloov kho

• SVT-38 manufactured ua ntej 1940, yus muaj los ntawm ib tug loj ntawm 500 grams ntau tshaj tom ntej no qauv. Nws twb tsis tau undergone ib tug bayonet los pab txhawb cov kev hloov, lub txaj yog chiv tsim daim ntawv no.
• SVT-40 belongs rau lub advanced saib nrog ib tug luv luv ntaub thaiv npog, nws pib loj-ua nyob rau hauv 1940. Muaj siab cia siab rau, yog thawm raws li muab piv nrog rau yav tas los ib tug los ntawm 600 grams.
• Sniper phom loj SVT-40, nta uas tso cai rau muaj tseeb hluav taws, coj mus rau ntau lawm nyob rau hauv 1940. Yus muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb abutment rau mounting cov aiming ntaus ntawv thiab ib tug zoo nto kho kav.

• AVT 40 yog ib tug tsis siv embodiment nrog me me kev txhim kho nyob rau hauv lub mechanism tso tawm rauj, tsos tsa ib tug yooj yim qauv SVT-38. Dua li ntawm qhov ua hauj lwm ntawm designers los tsim txhim khu kev qha automatic phom loj ua tsis tau tejyam, thiab zus tau tej cov xws riam phom twb curtailed nyob rau hauv 1942.
• ACT-40 yog ib qho tsis siv neeg carbine, uas tsis tau hauv paus nyob rau hauv cov tub rog, txawm hais tias npaj rau tswj tsis siv neeg tua hluav taws.
• MCA-O hais txog lub hom mus yos hav zoov cov riam phom, riam phom hauv redesigned SVT-40 uas tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov tub rog mobilization cia. Rau hnub tim, cov khoom yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov riam phom rau ib tug tua. Muaj rau cov pej xeem vim 2012.

Nyob rau hauv xaus, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias rau hauv qhuav thiab kev txhim kho cov qauv siv los ntawm cov phom loj raug xaiv tsis dhau kev vam meej thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog, bets yog muab tso rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm riam phom, es nyob rau hauv nws zoo. Yog hais tias qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv peacetime, qhov zoo riam phom mus tua hluav taws yuav tau ua nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm ib tug phom loj.