Sth: tshuaj xwm, lom los ntawm pathology

Cov tshuaj hormones - bioactive tshuaj uas yog tsim thiab secreted los ntawm endocrine qog ncaj qha mus rau hauv cov ntshav, hlwb txha nqaj qaum kua los yog qog. Cov tshuaj hormones muaj siab bioactivity nyob rau hauv miniscule koob tshuaj 10-3 thiab txawm 10-6 mg. Lawv muaj ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm txiav txim thiab yog sai pov tseg.

Properties cov tshuaj hormones.

Rau feem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj hormones deciphered lub molecular qauv. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv yog tau nyob hauv cov ntshiab daim ntawv (folliculin, insulin); ib co ntawm lawv yog tsim (insulin, adrenaline, cortisone). Cov kev ua ub ntawm lub endocrine qog yog tswj los ntawm lub paj hlwb. Nyob rau hauv lem, cov ntaub ntawv caj pas cuam tshuam rau lub paj hlwb. Cov tshuaj hormones cuam tshuam rau cov metabolism hauv cov nqaijrog, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids thiab minerals.

Sth (kev loj hlob lawm, txoj kev loj hlob lawm, txoj kev loj hlob hormone) twb cais los ntawm cov anterior pituitary cia Evans thiab Long nyob rau hauv 1921. Pituitary caj pas - yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws endocrine qog. Ua ke nrog cov hypothalamus morphophysiological ntaub ntawv ib zaug xwb system, uas regulates cov metabolism hauv txawv kev qhia. Cov tshuaj yog ib tug protein xwm thiab oligomeric qauv. Lub molecular ceeb thawj los ntawm 23000-46000 Da. Kev loj hlob hormone polypeptide muaj ob mus uas muaj 191 amino acid residues.

Ib tug yam ntxwv feature ntawm txoj kev loj hlob hormone yog hais tias nws qhia tau hais tias lub hom things. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias tus ntawd yog tus tsuas biologically active kev loj hlob hormone liab rau tib neeg.

Thaum hypo-secretion ntawm kev loj hlob lawm mob tshwm sim ib co metabolic dab nyob rau hauv lub cev, uas yog anabolic dab thiab txoj kev loj hlob muaj dab. Thaum ntev lawm tso tawm (hyperfunction prostate) nyob rau ntawm ib thaum ntxov muaj hnub nyoog, ua ntej qhov pib ntawm tiav nkauj tiav nraug thiab mus txog rau kawm tiav ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov pob txha tsim, muaj yog kho kom zoo kev loj hlob ntawm tus tib neeg lub cev, uas ua rau yus gigantism. Kev loj hlob tib neeg tej zaum yuav muaj los ntawm 2 mus rau 2.7 m. Ntev li txoj kev loj hlob hormone nyob rau hauv adulthood ua rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm acromegaly. Tus kab mob no tshwm sim nrog pituitary adenomas thiab hyperplasia. Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob no yog ib tug disproportionate txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug neeg lub cev qhov chaw, ntev li txoj kev loj hlob ntawm nqua, lub taub hau thiab nqaij mos overgrowth - lub qhov ntswg, daim di ncauj, tus nplaig, lub puab tsaig. Ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv lub hauv nruab nrog cev, yog kaw hypertrophy ntawm tej yam endocrine qog.

Nrog txaus synthesis ntawm kev loj hlob lawm (hyposecretion) nyob rau hauv ib tug hluas uas muaj hnub nyoog muaj dwarfism (dwarfism). Kev loj hlob yog tsis ntau tshaj li 90-120 cm, tsis muaj theem nrab kev sib deev yam ntxwv. Pituitary dwarfs no kuj proportional rau cov qauv ntawm lub cev, me ntsis loj lub taub hau. Raws li lawv tsis txawv los ntawm ib txwm puas siab puas ntsws txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov neeg.

Sth muaj feem xyuam rau anabolic dab: activates lub biosynthesis ntawm cov nqaijrog, nucleic acids, tsub kom ntshav qab zib ntau ntau (ntshav qab zib nyhuv) pom reticulocytosis, hondro- thiab osteogenesis.

Cov tib neeg lub cev synthesizes ntau bioactive tshuaj, uas muab rau peb ib tug ntxiag lawm (zoo siab, zoo mus ob peb vas, Library). Nyob rau hauv biochemistry, cov tshuaj no yog hu ua neurotransmitters, yog lub luag hauj lwm rau cov kis ntawm cov hlab impulses. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias serotonin, endorphins thiab dopamine - ib tug Library cov tshuaj hormones. Serotonin - ib yam tshuaj zoo mus ob peb vas. Thaum txhaj mus rau hauv cov ntshav, nws tsub kom lub cev muaj zog ua si, pab txoj kev mus ob peb vas. Deficiency ntawm serotonin yuav ua rau kev nyuaj siab. Endorphins yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub cev nyob rau hauv stressful lub sijhawm, yuav kom tsis txhob mob. Los ntawm ruaj rau opiate receptors, lawv inhibit mob, yog li yuav ua tau kev zoo siab. Dopamine yog feem ntau xa mus rau raws li qhov hormone ntawm Library. Qhov ntau dua qhov concentration ntawm hais tias compound nyob rau hauv cov ntshav, lub zog nov ntawm nqaij tawv.