Siab pines. Yuav ua li cas yog lub siab pines

Lub cheeb tsam ntawm pines loj hlob lub nkoj - lub teb chaws kav los ntawm lub hnyav kev nyab xeeb. Ntoo thuv forests nyob rau hauv lub tswm qhov chaw ntawm lub taiga. Ntoo thuv ntoo, thickets ntawm roob ranges. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub me kev nyab xeeb, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Crimea.

Vim txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb latitudes txias kev nyab xeeb, ntoo thuv - conifer - muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb cav ntoo uas zoo rau lub cev thiab txhua yam khoom. Cov tsiaj belongs rau qhov nrov tsev cov ntaub ntawv.

morphology

Nkoj ntoo thuv belongs rau lub genus ntawm evergreen conifers. Nws muaj ib tug nqaim mos koob los yog koob. Cov koob yog sau nyob rau hauv bundles ntawm me me (2-5 daim), unizyvayuschie xaus ntawm luv luv tua. Lub matured cones uas loj hlob mus rau ib tug ntev ntawm 3-10 centimeters, nkaum oreshkovidnye noob uas suab tag nrho cov muab tis.

Photophilic ntoo muaj sib sib zog nqus thiab muaj zog paus system yog feem ntau tsim nyob rau homogeneous plantation - ntoo thuv ntoo. Rau tej vaj tse lawv xav qhuav quartz xuab zeb, devoid ntawm fertile humus, peat av thiab sphagnum bogs.

Rau yav tom ntej ductility ntawm lub hauv paus system, lub intensive kev loj hlob ntawm cov keeb kwm, lawv muaj peev xwm to taub txog tus tseem ceeb thaj chaw ntawm cov av strata thiab txeem mus rau hauv nws cov sib sib zog nqus khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, raws li zoo raws li lub peev xwm los osilivat qhov chaw tshiab nrog tsis zoo zog ua rau lub adaptability rau ntau hom ntawm cov av.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntoo

Ntoo ntawm no nroj tsuag nrog ib tug siab ncaj yeej yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug lub dag lub zog, hardness thiab resinous. Qhov no yog lub zoo meej ntoo rau shipbuilding. Nws yog los ntawm no muaj ib lub npe "siab pines" - ntoo nrog txhais zog. Ib tug hav zoov tej qhov chaw uas ntoo thuv loj hlob feem ntau hu ua "nkoj nyuaj" los yog "mast hav zoov". Ships tsim los ntawm cov ntoo, hu ua "floating ntoo thuv tsob ntoo."

Qhov siab ntawm tsob ntoo, ncav ib ncig ntawm ib nrab ib 'meter', yog feem ntau xaiv rau 70 meters. Nyob rau saum npoo, lawv slender yeej yuav luag tsis tuaj kiag li pob caus ntawd. Tus muaj zog tus nqi ntawm cov ntoo ntawm no tsob nroj lus dag nyob rau hauv lub fact tias muaj yuav luag tsis muaj flaws, nws zoo zoo nkauj natural daim duab, cov thawj invoice.

Cov xim palette ntawm ntoo varied. Nws lom zem ntau nyob ntawm lub tej yam kev mob, uas loj hlob siab pines, ib tug yees duab ntawm cov uas yog ib txwm impressive. Cov xim yog whitish-daj, reddish thiab xim av ntxoov. Cov khoom ntawm kev zoo siab thiab zoo nkauj cov nyhuv.

Ntoo thuv ntoo muaj ib tug high ntom. Nws yog 1.5 lub sij hawm ntau tshaj li uas ntawm zoo tib yam ntoo thuv. nws tseem yog tsis yog nquag warpage, yav tom ntej tus kab mob swimmer. Yeej felled nroj tsuag yooj yim fused rau tus dej ntws, rugged taiga.

Resinous tshuaj uas emit nkoj ntoo thuv nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau muab therefrom tiv thaiv ntaub ntawv (cav, beams, planks, thiab lwm yam) ntawm lwj ntses cab thiab fungi. Chaw yog cov ntau ntau check dua lwm tsob ntoo hom.

Hom ntawm lub nkoj pines

Shipbuilding haum peb ntau ntau yam ntawm cov ntoo thuv ntoo: daj, liab (Rudow) thiab dawb (myandovye). Nyob rau hauv lub daj pines, ascending rau 50-70 meters li, khaub-ncaws nyias, check, muaj zog thiab elastic ntoo. Los ntawm no mast ntsiab yog manufactured.

Liab ntoo thuv, protracted expanses ntawm lub sab qaum teb Lavxias teb sab band, nws qhuav zos thiab toj, yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua cov ntoo ntoo thaiv phab ntsa siv nyob rau hauv lub sab hauv tsim ntawm ships. Los ntawm nws ua decking. Nws upholster sab hauv ntawm lub sab, Bilge compartment, mus hauv hav zoov panels thiab thiaj li nyob.

Dawb ntoo thuv ntoo preferring marshy struts thiab flooded nrog dej, yog siv tau nyob rau lub sij hawm cov ntaub ntawv. Nws siv qhov muaj yog tsis muaj yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov kev tshwj xeeb zog thiab fortress. Ntaub ntawv los ntawm ib tug cav ntoo tsim rau cov los ua ke ntawm ib ntus scaffolding, templates, coasters, thiab lwm yam khoom. Txiav txim li cas ntawm ib daim duab ntoo thuv tsob ntoo daim duab no yog tsis zoo li los pab. Rau lub hom phiaj no, peb yuav tsum tau ntoo pom txiav.

Siv nyob rau hauv shipbuilding

Shipbuilders nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb txoj kev siv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub yeej. Hlab ntsha tau ua nyob rau hauv raws li lub ntuj kos npe rau. Tseem ceeb kom paub meej tau ua los ntawm cov thoob txojkev sab qaum teb. Nws yog ua tau kom tau ib tug qauv thiab check Cheebtsam. Tom qab tag nrho, ib tsob ntoo nyob rau hauv lub sab qaum teb sab tau txais qhov tsawg warmth thiab hnub. Qhov no txhais tau tias cov ntoo yog muab tshem tawm hauv sab qaum teb sab, grained, nws muaj ib tug ntau dua ceev.

Feem ntau cov smooth cov ntoo fibers muab tej txiaj ntsim deprived ntawm lub qis ceg ntawm ib tug ntoo thuv. Tsob ntoo siab thiab du, flawless tej kas tham, tso cai rau kom muab tau cav txog keels thiab ib tug ntev board nrog ib tug du nto.

Cov neeg tsav nkoj ntawm bygone eras siv tsis tau tsuas yog rau cov kev siv ntawm ib tsob nroj ntoo ntawm cov dej thauj, tab sis kuj cob. Lawv soaked nws sails thiab ropes, patched slots nyob rau hauv ntau yam ships. Li ntawd, cov tau khoom check ships Tooling. Los ntawm cov siab, slender mighty pines lub tsev hlab ntsha rau lub fleet ntawm Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman.

mast ntoo

Qhov siab tshaj plaws siab pines nrog muaj zog ncaj yeej yog zoo tagnrho rau cov chaw ua khoom ntawm Masts ntawm sailing ships. Lawv yog cov incredibly nyuaj thiab resinous ntoo tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj zog nyob rau hauv lub central ib feem ntawm lub pob tw nyob qhov twg tsob ntoo yog nyob nucleus.

Cov txheej khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg thiab cov tub ntxhais sapwood txawv xim. Thaum cov tub ntxhais ntau mob siab heev xim tshaj qhov sapwood. Ntxoov nucleus uas tseg tau nyob ntawm seb cov tej yam kev mob ntawm loj hlob ntoo.

Kev tiv thaiv ntawm forests mast

Los ntawm lub nkoj Forests imposes heev xav tau nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm Peter I. Lawv yog zus raws li tej yam kev cai, nqa tawm kev kawm kho mob. Tom qab tag nrho cov, nyob rau hauv lub bran yog lub tsawg kawg yog 12 inches (48-54 cm) yuav tsum tau muaj no ntoo thuv. Duab tsob ntoo ntawm no loj txig qhia tau hais tias nws greatness.

Cov kev loj hlob ntawm lub pines mus rau lub yam nqi yuav siv sij hawm ib tug ntau lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv no kev twb kev txuas, thaum qhov kuv Peter saws tej kab ke txwv tsis pub cov ntov ntoo thuv haum rau shipbuilding. Rau reserved nroj tsuag nqa lub 12-Vershkova ntoo. Rau kev ua txhaum ntawm qhov kev txiav txim yuam loj loj nplua. Rau txhua illegally txiav ntoo yuav tsum tau muab 10 rubles zoo (thaum lub sij hawm peck ntawm rye nqi raws li me ntsis li 15-20 xees).

Dhau li hais tias cov ntoo thuv forests ntaus nqi mus rau lub qhaib forests, Peter kuv ua ib tug txiav txim siab tus ncej ntoo thuv tab. Nws pom tau hais tias lub siab pines thiab Oaks loj hlob rau centuries. Dawb deforestation raug teeb meem lawv sai puas tsuaj. Yuav kom tiv thaiv cov ntoo thuv hav zoov los ntawm kev puas tsuaj, huab tais tsim lub xeev tswj tshaj nws siv.