Sergei Yutkevich: yees duab, tsev neeg, thiab biography

Renowned Soviet actor, thawj coj, txawj sau ntawv, theatrical daim duab thiab zaj duab xis theorist Sergei Yutkevich tuaj mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm cov kos duab hluas heev, koj yuav hais tias, ib tug me nyuam, thiab tseem nyob rau hauv nws kom txog thaum lub heev kawg hnub ntawm nws ntev thiab fruitful lub neej. Creative txoj kev tus txiv neej no twb tsis tau yooj yim thiab du, tab sis nws tsis tig xaiv txoj kev ib zaug.

Thaum qhov kaj ntug ntawm muaj tswv yim ua si

Yutkevich yug Sergei I. nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg nyob rau hauv 1904 (nees nkaum-yim ntawm lub Kaum Ob Hlis). Thiab nyob rau hauv lub thib kaum xya xyoo nws pib nws muaj tswv yim lub neej. Russia twb quaj los kuamuag vim kev tsov kev rog, tab sis obsessed nrog hauv tus npau suav ntawm ib tug yeeb yam hauj lwm, cov tub hluas them me ntsis rau dab tsi tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws thiab stubbornly mus rau nws lub hom phiaj.

Cov tub hluas ntxhais actor, artist, tus thawj coj pab muaj npe Sergei Yutkevich Sevastopol thiab Kiev rightfully yuav raug hu ua nws "me nyuam qaib" - tom qab tag nrho cov theaters ntawm lub nroog "fledge" tej zaum lub hnub qub, qhov no yog qhov chaw uas yav tom ntej neeg Artist ntawm lub Soviet Union tau txais thawj tswv yim kev kawm txawj thiab honed nws txawj .

Tab sis lub xyaum yog kev xyaum, thiab tsis muaj kev kawm ntawv tsis tau mus deb, thiab tus hluas nugget yog zoo to taub. Nyob rau hauv 1921, kaum xya Sergei Yutkevich nkag mus rau hauv tsev ua yeeb yam thiab kawm kws qhia ntawv Art cob qhia, uas xaus nyob rau hauv 1923. Cov tib lub sij hawm hnub ntawm nws kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv cov State dua coj cob qhia, moderated los ntawm Vsevolod Meyerhold.

revolutionary kos duab

Lub sij hawm rau cov uas poob Sergei Yutkevich thawj kauj ruam nyob rau hauv lub kos duab, yus muaj los ntawm turbulent hloov nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws lub neej. Zog ntawm Guj kuj hais tias goodbye rau tag nrho cov laus thiab tsim kom muaj cov tshiab kev tshoov siab. Lawm, lub revolutionary mus ob peb vas cuam tshuam rau actor tus nruab nrab.

Nyob rau xyoo 1922 Yutkevich S. thiab G. Kozintsev nrog rau cov kev pab ntawm L. thiab G. Trauberg Kryzhitsky muab ib manifesto nyob rau hauv lub high-sounding title "eccentricity", uas tau los ua tus theoretical lub hauv paus FEKS (Hoobkas ntawm Eccentric Actor). Lub hom phiaj ntawm tus sau phau ntawv ntawm lub manifesto ntawd los ua ib tug kiag li tshiab, revolutionary kos duab, hais tias lawv yuav muab lub ntiaj teb no, sib txuas sib txawv lwm yam: theem, circus, ua yeeb yam thiab kev dag ua hauj lwm. Nws yog ib qho innovation qhov twg yuav tsum tau thiab tus hluas Soviet lub xeev.

Ob xyoos tom qab lub nrov nrov daim ntawv Sergey Yutkevich tsiv los ntawm lus mus ua hauj lwm thiab ua tus zaj duab xis "Muab lub xov tooj cua!", Qhia rau peb hais txog lub neej ntawm lub capital txoj kev cov me nyuam. Nyob rau hauv no eccentric comedy qhia los ntawm ua kom embody lub tswv yim ntawm nws lwm yam. Lub electorate coj ib daim duab nrog tej yam txaus siab.

Thiab ob lub xyoos tom qab, ib sim Yutkevich kinokollektiv thiab ua nws cov thawj coj. Qhov kev tshawb rau tshiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov kos duab ntxiv.

"Lenfilm"

Nyob rau hauv 1928 Yutkevich-thawj coj pib "loj hlob mus rau hauv" authoritative, thiab nws tau raug tsa taub hau ntawm lub Thawj kinomasterskoy on "Lenfilm".

Thaum tau txais xws ib qho tseem ceeb ncej, Sergei I. nws ntau li ntau tau kom paub lawv tej tswv yim, tab sis nws muaj nws yog. Soviet lub xeev yuav tsum tau cov films ntawm tej yam kev kawm, thiab cov thawj tswj hwm tsis tau twv tig tawm rau hauv tib neeg txoj kev ntawm lub socialist thiab siv ib co ntawm cov tswv yim.

Chiv Yutkevich tseem ua cas muab nws thwmsim nrog kev txiav txim ( "Black Sail", "Lace"), tab sis rau ib tug ntev lub sij hawm nws yog tsis txaus. Movies "txee", "Golden Toj siab", thiab hais txog. E., Noj nyob rau hauv cov coj ntawm cov hluas tus thawj coj tom qab hais saum toj no, twb imbued nrog lub ideology los ntawm.

Rau lub hom phiaj ntawm lub hwj chim

Los ntawm lub sij hawm rau lub sij hawm Sergei Yutkevich ua rau tsis muaj los kom dim ntawm lub cell. Ib tug ntawm cov muaj peev xwm yuav hu ua lub documentary "Ankara - Qaib ntxhw lub siab", qhov twg ib tug txhim khu kev qha tseeb cov ntaub ntawv uas yog zoo tag nrho nrog rau ib tug thawj storyline. Qhov no xyaum ua tej yam yog ib qhov zoo Yutkevich.

Tab sis los ntawm nruab nrab-thirties nrog liberties kuv yuav tsum tau ntswj kom nruj - heev npaum li cas txhawj xeeb yog lub sij hawm. Los ntawm hais txog peb caug plaub xyoo ntawm Sergei I. tuskheej xwb cas muaj peev xwm thiab yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm. Nws to taub hais tias cov vaj yog tsim nyog lub sij hawm, kuj tsis tsim nyog rau tswv yim kws.

Paintings "Yooj," "txiv neej nrog ib tug rab phom", "Yakov Sverdlov" thiab thiaj on. E., By lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov thirties, pom zoo los ntawm critics thiab txawm muab tsub lub xeev txeeb. Tab sis lub tswv yim zoo muaj nqis ntawm ib tug zoo sawv cev. Central rau cov yog cov Soviet ideology.

Los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau hauv cov zaj duab xis "Tus txiv neej nrog ib tug rab phom" Yutkevich thawj kov Lenin ntsiab, uas tom qab ua ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv nws yav tom ntej hauj lwm.

Jack ntawm tag nrho cov lag luam

Yutkevich Sergei cim nyob rau hauv kos duab rau ntiaj teb no tsis tsuas yog raws li ib tug filmmaker. Nws muaj pov thawj nws tus kheej raws li ib tug muaj kev vam meej saib xyuas, ua lub studio "Soyuzdetfilm" authoritative tus kws qhia ntawv, kev zoo siab kos duab critic, theorist thiab thiaj li txawj ntse. E., Feem ntau kuj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov guises ib txhij. Nws txawm muaj ib lub caij nyoog mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tus thawj coj Song thiab seev cev Ensemble ntawm Internal Affairs ntawm cov neeg Committee los ntawm 1939 rau 1946.

Feem ntau, lub pre-tsov kev rog thiab kev tsov kev rog xyoo twb cim rau Yutkevich surge uas muaj tswv yim ua si. Nws txawm muaj kev tswj kom tua ob peb "tshaj" films, xws li, piv txwv li, lub comedy "Tus Tshiab Adventures ntawm Schweik." Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm, lub Maestro twb cia li tub. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv, uas yog muaj hmoo txaus mus kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv tus thawj coj Rhiav VGIK Sergei Iosifovich, recalled hais tias lawv tus xib fwb ib txwm qhov chaw poob: uas thaum lub sij hawm lub shooting nyob rau hauv Fabkis, rau tej festival, ces nyob rau hauv "Mosfilm". Thiab thaum muaj yog: elegant, fragrant - menyuam kawm ntawv yuav tsis coj nws ob lub qhov muag tawm nws. Sergei Yutkevich, ib tug yees duab uas yog nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, yeej ib txwm muaj ib tug kaj, nco tsos. Contemporaries piav nws raws li ib tug txiv neej ntawm elegance, kev lom zem thiab exciting.

dub stripe

Tab sis tom qab tsov rog rau Yutkevich pib ib tug dub stripe. Qhov thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov forties - yog tej zaum cov feem ntau nyuaj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm zaj duab xis-makers, thiab nws pib nrog ib tug ua hauj lwm rau nws nyiam lub npe (hais txog Ilyich).

Nws yog ib qho adaptation ntawm cov kev ua si Pogodin "Lub Kremlin chimes", uas yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv tis, hu ua "Lub teeb ntawm Russia".

Tom qab koj siv ib tug "tasting" ntawm daim duab, cov neeg sab nrauv coj noj coj ua txiav txim siab hais tias cov duab ntawm Lenin qhia nyob rau hauv nws loj txaus, thiab tus sau tuaj nyob rau hauv ib tug barrage ntawm kev thuam. Yutkevich kuv nco txhua yam, thiab thawj ntawm tag nrho nws cov prewar thwmsim. Director liam ntawm cosmopolitanism, nyob rau hauv kowtowing rau America thiab nws filmmakers, hu ua nws ib tug esthete thiab formalist.

Thaum plaub caug-cuaj xyoo ntawm Sergei I. Kuv twb yuam kom khiav tawm hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab lub koom haum uas kawm Askiv thiab rau tej lub sij hawm yuav tawm mus los ntawm coj.

Rov qab mus thiab kov yeej txhua yam

Nyob rau hauv 1952 Yutkevich ua ib qho los mus rov qab mus rau lub ntiaj teb no ntawm xinesmas, tshem cov zaj duab xis yog deb ntawm nom ua tswv, "Przewalski" yog ib tug biography ntawm tus naas ej explorer. Tab sis thaum kawg rov qab los "ntxiv" tus thawj coj tswj tsuas yog tom qab Stalin tuag. Thiab txij li thaum lub nruab nrab-fifties nws lub neej dua tag nrho ntawm creativity thiab lub teb chaws paub.

Tus zaj duab xis "The Great Warrior Albania Scanderbeg" tau txais cov puav pheej nyob rau hauv Cannes. Tsis txhob hnov qab txog lub yeeb yam thiab lub Maestro. Nws rov qab mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab lossi haum cov neeg tuaj saib nrog lawv cov tshiab productions. Cia tom ntej no kaum xyoo "ntawm nws cwj mem" los mus txog peb caug nrug. Cov feem ntau cov tawm ntawm cov critics tau hu ua cov kev ua si "da dej", "Kab laum", "Cia li sawv ntawm Arturo povhwm poob haujlwm" thiab thiaj on. D.

Yutkevich nquag mus txawv teb chaws, nws loj hlob cus plaws tau txais nyob rau hauv Fabkis, qhia cov pawg neeg pab txiav ntawm lub Cannes zaj duab xis Success, thiab txawm muab tus ncej ntawm vice-tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm lub teb chaws cinematics.

Ua ke nrog cov Fabkis Sergei I. tuskheej cov zaj duab xis "Kawm rau ib tug Dab Neeg Luv" hais txog qhov tus kheej lub neej ntawm Chekhov. Painting yog heev nrov nrog European audiences nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union nws yog tsis nrov.

Lenin

Raws li sau tseg saum toj no, yog ib lub ntsiab ntxhais nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Sergei Yutkevich yog Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. Nws yog nyuaj heev rau xav hais tias cov thawj coj ib zaug dua rov hais dua rau tus neeg no tom qab lub painting "Lub teeb ntawm Russia", uas tau coj nws li teeb meem ntau heev. Cuaj kaum Yutkevich tuskheej cov zaj duab xis "dab neeg txog Lenin". Nyob rau hauv nws, nws yeej ua rau ib tug pedestal Ilyich St., zoo, los yog tsawg kawg nom yuav coj ncaj, siab zoo thiab ncaj ncees tus neeg nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.

Lwm ua hauj lwm rau siab ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub proletariat, yog tus painting "Lenin nyob rau hauv teb chaws Poland", cov zaj duab xis adaptation nyob rau hauv 1965. Nws coj Yutkevich zoo zoo thiab yog objectively ib tug ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv nws sau. Ntawm no, tus tswv thaum kawg tswj kom siab raws li nws ntev-sawv muaj siab rau kws. Tus zaj duab xis yeej lub Cannes zaj duab xis Success, raws li zoo raws li lub xeev nqi zog ntawm lub USSR.

Thiab lwm daim duab tau raug tshem tawm Yutkevich txog Ilyich. Nws yog hu ua "Lenin nyob rau hauv Paris", tso tawm hnub - 1981. Nws kuj yuav raug hu ua lub xeem tseem ceeb ua hauj lwm ntawm Sergey Iosifovich. Tus zaj duab xis kuj tau txais lub State nqi zog ntawm cov USSR, tab sis critics hu rau nws, muab tso rau nws mob me, hai thiab unconvincing nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm artistic tus nqi.

Thaum lub finish line

Sergei Yutkevich uas pib ua hauj lwm tub hluas, tsis mus nrog nws kom txog thaum nws hnub nyoog kawg. Nyob rau hauv lub yim caum-ob xyoo, nws tau ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Moscow Music Chamber ua yeeb yam, qhov chaw uas nws staged plays los ntawm Alexander BLOK "Hmoob" thiab "Puppet Show". Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub Maestro txuas ntxiv mus "sculpt" tus ntas mus rau lub ntiaj teb no ntawm ua yeeb yam thiab xinesmas ntawm VGIK, sau cov phau ntawv, thiab txawm edited "Kinoslovar".

Sergei Yutkevich Family

Sergey Iosifovich Yutkevich yuav txiv rau nws tib muaj hnub nyoog - ib tug neeg dhia tes ua las voos Elena Ilyushchenko. Qhov no kev sib yuav yog nws tsuas yog ib qho. Qhov ob peb hlub txhua lwm yam thiab muaj peev xwm nyob kom lawv txoj kev xav mus rau ib tug ripe laus muaj hnub nyoog.

Yog hais tias peb tham txog dab tsi yog txaus siab nyob rau hauv lub neej no Sergey Yutkevich, tus ntxhais Marianne tas yuav tsum nco ntsoov. Tom qab nws mus rau nws tus txiv lub footsteps thiab tiav nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej txiav txim siab heights. Marianne Yutkevich (Shaternikova) los ua ib zaj duab xis critic, koom nyob rau hauv kev qhia ua hauj lwm, kawm txog keeb kwm ntawm xinesmas.

Nyob rau hauv lub ninetieth xyoo Yutkevich ntxhais sab laug lub USSR, emigrated mus rau lub tebchaws United States. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, nws niam thiab txiv twb tsis ciaj sia.

Neeg 's Artist ntawm lub USSR Yutkevich tuag nees nkaum peb ntawm lub Plaub Hlis 1985. Nws tshauv so nyob rau hauv lub Novodevichy Tojntxas nyob hauv Moscow. Elena dim nws tus txiv rau ob lub xyoos, tuag nyob rau hauv 1987.