Satirical tricks nyob rau hauv fairy tales Saltykov-Shchedrin

Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin - creator ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb kev sau ntawv ib hom ntawv nyeem - ib tug satirical taleas. Me dab neeg Lavxias teb sab txawj sau ntawv denounced bureaucracy thiab autocracy, siab. Qhov tsab xov xwm no tham txog cov hauj lwm ntawm Saltykov-Shchedrin, raws li "Tsiaj qus tswv tsev", "Dav dawb hau-patron", "Wise minaum", "Carp-idealist."

Nta tales Saltykov-Shchedrin

Nyob rau hauv fairy tales, qhov no txawj sau ntawv ua tau raws li thiab allegory thiab cov grotesque thiab hyperbole. Muaj nta yam ntxwv Aesopian narrative. Cov kev sib txuas lus nruab nrab ntawm cov cim muaj kev cuam tshuam tus yam ntxwv uas prevailed nyob rau hauv cov haiv neeg ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo. Yuav ua li cas yog cov hom kev kawm uas siv satirical txawj sau ntawv? Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav teb lo lus nug no, nws yuav tsum tau ib nyuag txheej txheem cej luam ntawm tus sau lub neej thiaj li khuv leej txhav qhia rau lub ntiaj teb no ntawm tus tswv av.

txog tus sau

Saltykov-Shchedrin ua ke nws txawj hauj lwm nrog cov pej xeem. Lub neej yav tom ntej sau ntawv tau yug los nyob rau hauv lub Tver xeev, tab sis tom qab qhov kawg ntawm lub Lyceum mus rau St. Petersburg, qhov twg nws tau txais ib txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub ua tsov ua rog chaw ua hauj lwm. Twb tau nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo ntawm lub lag luam nyob rau hauv lub capital ntawm cov tub ntxhais khiav dej num uas nws pib languish bureaucracy, lies, laj reigning tsev. Nrog zoo siab kawg Saltykov-Shchedrin kawm ntau yam kev sau ntawv rau yav tsaus ntuj, uas yog yeej los ntawm antiserfdom mus ob peb vas. Hais txog nws views, nws alerted Petersburgers nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg "ib tug tham yi," "contradiction". Rau cov uas nws twb exiled Vyatka.

Lub neej nyob rau hauv lub xeev muaj enabled cov txawj sau ntawv mus saib nyob rau hauv kom meej lub bureaucratic ntiaj teb no, lub neej ntawm lub tswv av thiab cov peasants oppressed los ntawm lawv. Qhov no tau ua ib tug teeb meem rau yav tom ntej sau tej hauj lwm, raws li zoo raws li lub tsim ntawm tshwj xeeb satirical hom kev kawm. Ib tug kawm ntawm Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin ib zaug hais tias ntawm nws: "Nws yeej paub Lavxias teb sab, zoo li tsis muaj ib tus neeg."

Satirical tricks Saltykov-Shchedrin

Nws ua hauj lwm yog heev ntau haiv neeg. Tab sis tej zaum cov feem ntau nrov ntawm cov tej hauj lwm ntawm Saltykov-Shchedrin yog cia li fairy tales. Muaj ntau ntau tshwj xeeb satirical hom kev kawm uas cov txawj sau ntawv tau sim pab qhia rau cov txawj nyeem ntawv lub inertia thiab lub falsity ntawm tus tswv tsev nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Thiab saum toj no tag nrho nws yog ib tug allegory. Nyob rau hauv veiled sau qhia no: kev nom kev tswv thiab kev teeb meem los qhia lawv tus kheej taw tes ntawm view.

Lwm txoj kev - siv zoo heev motifs. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv "Lub taleas txog yuav ua li cas ib tug txiv neej pub ob generals" Lawv pab raws li ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm kev qhia ntawm discontent tiv thaiv cov tswv tsev. Thaum kawg, xa mus rau lub satirical hom kev kawm Shchedrin, tsis hais qhov symbolism. Tom qab tag nrho, lub heroes ntawm fairy tales feem ntau taw tes rau ib yam ntawm cov kev sib raug zoo tshwm sim ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo. Yog li ntawd, lub ntsiab cim ntawm "Konyaga" reflected tag nrho cov mob ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab neeg, oppressed rau centuries. Hauv qab no yog ib qho kev soj ntsuam ntawm xaiv tej hauj lwm ntawm Saltykov-Shchedrin. Yuav ua li cas satirical hom kev kawm uas siv nyob rau hauv lawv?

"Carp-idealist"

Nyob rau hauv no taleas views ntawm intellectuals qhia Saltykov-Shchedrin. Satirical tricks uas yuav muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom "Carp-idealist" - yog lub cim, kev siv ntawm nrov sayings thiab paj lug. Txhua lub cim - ib tug collective duab ntawm tus neeg sawv cev ntawm ib tug kev sib raug zoo hauv chav kawm ntawv.

Cov zajlus revolves nyob ib ncig ntawm ib tug fairy taleas - ib tug kev sib tham Carp thiab Ruff. Ua ntej, nws yog twb to taub los ntawm cov npe ntawm cov chaw ua hauj lwm nyhav idealistic worldview, txoj kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Ruff tib yam - nws yog ib qhov tsis tooj, skeptic theories luag thuam nws tus nrog sib ntaus. Muaj yog ib taleas, thiab ib tug thib peb cim - Pike. Qhov no tsis zoo ntses piv Saltykov-Shchedrin, cov powers uas yuav nyob rau hauv cov khoom. Pike yog lub npe hu mus pub rau cov carp. Lub Xeem, Lub tsav los ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws txoj kev xav, nws raug xa mus rau predator. Lub lim hiam txoj cai ntawm qhov (los yog centuries tsim hierarchy nyob rau hauv lub zej zog) Karas ntseeg hais tias. Nws vam vim li cas nrog pike tales ntawm vaj huam sib luag, universal kev zoo siab, kev tsim txiaj. Thiab yog li ntawd nws tuag. Pike, raws li tus sau sau ntawv, lo lus "kev tsim txiaj" yog tsis paub.

Satirical hom kev kawm yog siv tsis tsuas mus rau tsis yuav tus rigidity ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tej yam seem ntawm cov haiv neeg. Nrog lawv, tus sau yog ua kom qhia kom txhob moralistic sib cav tswv yim, uas tau faib cov intellectuals ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo.

"Tsiaj qus tswv tsev"

Lwm yam serfdom mob siab ib tug ntau ntawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Saltykov-Shchedrin. Nws muaj ib yam dab tsi los hais rau cov txawj nyeem ntawv ntawm no account. Txawm li cas los, sau ntawv journalistic khoom hais txog cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov tswv tsev mus rau lub peasants los yog tus ntawv ntawm artistic hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm realism rau hauv kev kawm yog fraught nrog tsis kaj siab qhov yuav tshwm rau cov txawj sau ntawv. Thiab yog li ntawd kuv muaj mus rau chaw uasi rau allegories, ib qho yooj yim comic dab neeg. Nyob rau hauv "Tsiaj qus tswv av," peb yuav sib tham txog ib tug raug Lavxias teb sab usurper, tsis differed erudition thiab muaj tswvyim.

Nws ntxub cov "cov txiv neej" thiab lawv cov kev npau suav ntawm txiv qaub. Nyob rau tib lub ruam tswv tsev tsis to taub hais tias nws yuav tuag tsis muaj tus peasants. Tom qab tag nrho, nws tsis xav ua dab tsi, thiab tsis paub yuav ua li cas. Ib tug tej zaum xav hais tias qhov chiv keeb ntawm cov hero taleas yog ib tug tswv tsev, uas, tej zaum, cov txawj sau ntawv tau ntsib nyob rau hauv lub neej tiag tiag. Tab sis tsis muaj. Qhov no tsis yog hais txog tej qho tswv. Thiab nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo txheej raws li ib tug tag nrho.

Mus rau fullest twg, tsis muaj circumlocutions, no lub npe Saltykov-Shchedrin qhia nyob rau hauv "Tus Tswv Golovlyovo". Cov dab neeg tus cim - cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub xeev tsaws zoo - yog tua ib tug los ntawm ib tug. Yog vim li cas rau lawv txoj kev tuag - stupidity, ignorance, laziness. Ximxoo fairy taleas "Lub qus tswv av," tib txoj hmoo. Tom qab tag nrho, nws tau mus tua ntawm lub peasants, uas twb ua ntej txaus siab tab sis ib tug lub neej yog tsis muaj lawv tsis npaj.

"Dav dawb hau-patron"

Cov heroes ntawm no taleas - eagles thiab uab lag. Tus thawj ua ib lub cim rau cov tswv av. Qhov thib ob - tus peasants. Tus kws sau ntawv dua resorted mus txais allegory uas ridicules cov vices ntawm cov haib. Lub taleas yog tseem tam sim no Nightingale, Magpie, Lub Plas thiab cov Woodpecker. Txhua yam ntawm tus noog - ib tug allegory lub hom neeg los yog social hauv chav kawm ntawv. Cim nyob rau hauv "Orel-Maecenas" ntau humanized tshaj, piv txwv li, lub heroes ntawm fairy tales "Carp-idealist." Yog li ntawd, Woodpecker, tsis mus hais lus cam, nyob rau hauv lub tiav ntawm cov noog keeb kwm tau los ua ib tug tsim txom los ntawm ib tug predator, tab sis ntog qab tuav.

"Wise minaum"

Raws li nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm piav saum toj no, nyob rau hauv no taleas tus sau seb puas tsimnyog tau tej teeb meem tseem ceeb rau lub sij hawm. Thiab ntawm no nws yuav tseeb los ntawm cov thawj kab. Tab sis lub satirical hom kev kawm Saltykov-Shchedrin - siv artistic txhais tau rau cov tseem ceeb heev cov duab tsis xws luag tsis tau tsuas yog pej xeem, tab sis kuj universal. Tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub "txawj ntse ntses," tus sau yog nyob rau hauv lub raug style ntawm ib tug fairy taleas: "Muaj ...". Lub hero ntawm nws sau yus raws li nram no: "ib tug enlightened, ntsis-mas".

Cowardice thiab passivity nyob rau hauv no taleas ridicules cov poj tswv ntawm satire. Tom qab tag nrho, cov vices twb ntau rau feem ntau cov tswv cuab ntawm intelligentsia nyob rau hauv lub eighties ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo. Minaum tsis tawm tsis nws nyob nraim yeej ncuab. Nws muaj sia nyob ib tug ntev lub neej, tsis txhob nyaum inhabitants ntawm lub dej lub ntiaj teb no. Tab sis cia li ua ntej nws tuag realizes ntau npaum li cas tsis thaum lub sij hawm nws ntev thiab tsis muaj nuj nqis lub neej.