Podvoisky Nikolai Ilyich (1880-1948): Biography, tog chaw ua hauj lwm

Nikolai Podvoisky yog ib tug revolutionary ntawm cov thawj yoj. Nws tau ua ib tug loj pab mus rau txoj kev vam meej ntawm lub Bolsheviks thaum lub sij hawm Lub kaum hli ntuj kiv puag ncig thiab lub Civil War. Nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union tog thawj coj los ua ib tug kev ua si organizer.

thaum ntxov xyoo

Yav tom ntej Bolshevik Nikolai Podvoisky yug Lub ob hlis ntuj 16, 1880 nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Kunashevka. Nws yog tus Chernihiv xeev - ib tug xeev nyob qhov twg, raws li nyob rau hauv Ukraine, tshwj xeeb yog active nyob rau hauv lub revolutionary zog. Tus tub tus txiv yog ib lub zos pov thawj. Nws tsis yog li ntawd Nicholas thawj mus rau Nezhinskoye kev cai dab qhuas tsev kawm ntawv, thiab ces, thaum muaj hnub nyoog 14, nyob rau hauv Chernigov tsev kawm Vajluskub. Podvoisky finish nws ua tsis tau tejyam. Nyob rau hauv 1901 nws tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm lub vaj lug kub rau kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub underground revolutionary pab pawg neeg.

Thaum lub sij hawm no, Chernigov xeev seething nrog discontent cov hluas thiab cov intellectuals. Ukrainians, raws li zoo raws li Lavxias teb sab, muaj ntau yam tsis zoo li mus muaj koob muaj npe lub hwj chim. Podvoisky Nikolai Ilyich yog tsis muaj exception. Tom qab txiav tawm, nws cia li tuaj koom lub teeb ntawm cov phooj ywg uas qhia ib tug zoo li txoj hmoo. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv 1901 ib tug tub hluas nws tuaj koom lub RSDLP.

hluas Bolshevik

Thaum Podvoisky tuaj koom lub Social Democrats, nws yog ib tug me me tog. Tsis ntev ua ntej nws coj 1 tog Congress, tab sis lub koom haum yog tseem tsis tau meej qauv, thiab nws cov thawj coj feem ntau wandering nyob rau hauv exile. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntawm cov revolutionaries muaj ntau ideological contradictions. Lawv tau coj mus rau lub fact tias nyob rau hauv lub II Congress ntawm lub RSDLP nyob rau hauv 1903 phua rau hauv Bolsheviks thiab Mensheviks.

Podvoisky Nikolai Ilyich tuaj koom lub thawj, ua ib tug staunch supporter ntawm Lenin. Thaum cov neeg sab nrauv tuaj rau lub hwj chim, nws yuav rightfully xav txog nws tus kheej ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub "laus ceev xwm." Podvoisky ntxiv nws kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Yaroslavl Demidov Lyceum. Yog cob tub ntxhais kawm ntawv thiab ib tug thawj coj los ntawm qhov, nws sai sai los ua ib tug respected tug tswv cuab ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv Committee ntawm lub Bolsheviks.

Tus thawj kiv puag ncig

Tuaj 1905. Russia twb yeej nyob rau hauv tsov rog nrog rau Nyiajpoom teb. Failures nyob rau hauv lub Far East twb nyob rau hauv lub ob txhais tes ntawm radicals. Podvoisky Nikolai Ilyich thiab lwm yam Bolshevik activists uas tseem nyob rau hauv Russia, coj lub teb chaw ua hauj lwm. Nws tau mus rau Ivanovo-Voznesensk thiab tuaj koom lub Soviet ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm 'Deputies, nthawv ncaav ciav proletarians. Qhov chaw twb tsis tau xaiv los ntawm lub caij nyoog. Ivanovo-Voznesenka yog qhov chaw ntawm lub textile kev lag luam. Muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov factories. Thiab txhua txhua lub tuam txhab yog tas disgruntled neeg ua hauj lwm.

Podvoisky Nikolai Ilyich tsis yog Bolshevik nyob rau hauv lub zos no. Nrog rau nws nyob rau hauv lub Ivanovo-Voznesenka organizing ntawm revolutionary proletarians raws li tau paub thiab cov tub ntxhais Mikhail Frunze. Thaum lub qhov siab ntawm lub unrest Podvoisky mus rau Yaroslavl. Nws sau cov sib ntaus sib tua squads. Thaum lub sij hawm tom ntej no kev sib tsoo nrog cov tub ceev xwm, nws tau raug mob.

Luam tawm tog ntawv xov xwm

Tom qab qhov kawg ntawm lub kiv puag ncig Podvoisky tsiv mus rau Western teb chaws Europe, qhov twg nws nyob rau ob lub xyoos. 1 tog Congress, thaum cov neeg sab nrauv tsuas yog ib tug me me pab pawg neeg ntawm zoo li-minded neeg, tau ntev lawm dua. Tam sim no rau tag nrho cov Bolsheviks muaj ib tug ntau ntawm kev ua hauj lwm. Podvoisky plunged headlong rau hauv lub tog xovxwm. Tom qab ib tug luv luv so, nws rov qab mus rau Russia thiab los ua lub taub hau ntawm lub publishing tsev ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm "Lis" nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg.

Podvoisky Nikolai Ilyich (1880-1948) yog ib tug yam ntxwv organizer. Nws tsis yog ntshai mus coj rau qhov tseem ceeb paub tab uas confronted nrog cov neeg sab nrauv. Bolshevik yog ib tug ntawm cov instigators thiab initiators ntawm tus naas ej ntawv "Star" thiab "Qhov tseeb." Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov ntaub ntawv raug teem. Nyob rau hauv xyoo 1914 lub ntiaj teb ua ntej ua tsov ua rog, thiab ib tug tshiab ideological pem hauv ntej nyob rau hauv cov neeg sab nrauv ntawv xov xwm. "Qhov tseeb" tau ua ib tug loj mob taub hau rau cov tub ceev xwm. Podvoisky yog ib tug ntawm cov neeg uas twb paub lawm hauv tus npau suav ntawm Lenin ntawm cov loj hlob imperialist tsov rog rau hauv ib lub kiv puag ncig.

1917 yog cov

Qhov kawg ntawm 1916 Podvoisky twb puas tau raug ntes thiab raug txim mus rau Siberian exile. Txawm li cas los, mus ua hauj lwm nws cov revolutionary yog tsis tsim nyog. Tsis ntev tuaj lub ob hlis ntuj kiv puag ncig. Tus tshiab tsoom fwv tshaj tawm ib amnesty, nyob rau hauv uas ntaus thiab Podvoisky Nikolay Ilyich.

Biography ntawm lub Bolsheviks yog ib tug raug piv txwv ntawm cov revolutionary, rau cov uas nyob rau hauv 1917 los ua tus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv tag nrho lub neej. Tso, nws mus rau Petrograd (tam sim no St. Petersburg muaj txoj kev. Podvoisky). Raws li thaum lub sij hawm thawj kiv puag ncig, Nikolai Lenin los ua ib tug mej zeej ntawm lub Soviet ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm 'Deputies. Nyob rau hauv lub nroog loj pawg neeg ntawm cov Bolsheviks, nws taws lub koom haum ntawm lub Red khwb, uas tom qab ua lub caj qaum ntawm lub Red Army. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog suav tias yog cov neeg sau ntawm lub tsib-taw lub hnub qub cim. Nws tau ua qhov tseem coj cwj pwm ntawm cov tub rog liab.

Nyob rau hauv lub hnub ua ntej lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig, Podvoisky yog nyob rau hauv Smolny, thiab yog ib tug ntawm cov tshaj cum cov thawj coj ntawm cov kev npaj rau lub uprising. Nws ua ib qho tseem ceeb pab nyob rau hauv Workers qhov storming ntawm lub caij ntuj no Palace.

Thaum lub hauv paus ntawm lub Red Army

Nrog lub advent rau lub hwj chim ntawm lub Bolsheviks , Nikolai Podvoisky raug tsa tus thawj neeg Commissar rau cov tub rog Affairs. Nyob rau hauv no txoj hauj lwm nws tseem kom txog rau thaum lub peb hlis ntuj 1918, thaum nws twb hloov los ntawm Leon Trotsky. Nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm raws li ib tug lub teb chaws tsoom fwv Podvoisky tswj kom kos npe rau ob peb tseem ceeb sib thiab kev txiav txim, uas ua lub hauv paus ntawm lub nascent Red Army. Lub koom haum ntawm nws tus kheej armed forces yog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ib tug teeb meem ntawm lub neej thiab kev tuag rau cov Bolsheviks, vim hais tias nce kev tsov kev rog, thiab cov neeg sab nrauv tsis muaj kev pab txaus mus tua cov yeeb ncuab nyob rau hauv ob peb lub fronts.

Nws Podvoisky pib zoo kawg li ua hauj lwm uas ces redoubled Trotsky khaws. Tom qab castling Nikolai Ilyich los ua ib tug mej zeej ntawm lub Revolutionary tub rog Council. Nws yog ib tug ntawm cov creators ntawm tactical yeej ntawm lub Red Army nyob rau hauv lub Civil War teb.

Soviet xyoo

Tom qab tsim ntawm lub Soviet Union thiab rov qab mus pej xeem lub neej Nikolai Podvoisky muab rau hauv ib tug kev ua si organizer - nws coj Sportintern thiab lub Supreme Council ntawm lub cev Culture. Interestingly, nyob rau hauv 1927 lub qub tub rog tog starred nyob rau hauv Sergeya Eyzenshteyna "Lub kaum hli ntuj", lub premiere ntawm uas rau rau siab ua lub 10 hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub kiv puag ncig. Nyob rau hauv daim duab no Podvoisky ua si rau lawv tus kheej.

Nyob rau hauv 1935, lub Bolsheviks pom tau hais tias qhov tshwj xeeb cov nyiaj laus. Tej zaum qhov no yog vim li cas nws muaj peev xwm kom tsis txhob muaj cov kev tsuj thaum lub sij hawm Stalinist ntshai thiab purges ntawm cov neeg sab nrauv. Thaum lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog, 60-xyoo-laus xav mus rau pem hauv ntej raws li ib tug volunteer. Nws twb tsis tau lees txais vim hais tias ntawm lub hnub nyoog, tom qab uas nws pib mus khawb trenches nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm Moscow.

Soviet statesman, tuag Lub Xya hli ntuj 28, 1948. Nws raug faus nyob rau hauv lub Novodevichy toj ntxas. Nyob rau hauv ntau lub zos ntawm cov USSR tau nws tus kheej txoj kev. Podvoisky. memorial bust twb ntsia tau rau hauv nws cov keeb kwm teb chaws.