Platelets: lub cai nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam. Analysis ntawm cov ntshav platelets: deciphering thiab kev txhais cov kev tshwm sim

Ntshav yog heev ntau haiv neeg. Txhua yam ntawm lawv ua ib tug txawv lub luag hauj lwm, tswj lub preservation thiab txij nkawm ntawm lub cev functions. Rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm tus kab mob los ntawm cov ntshav tsis otvetstvennny platelets.

Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ib qho tseem ceeb los mus txiav txim tus naj npawb ntawm cov hlwb nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam, vim lawv muaj ntau nws kev raug mob thiab ntshav poob thaum lawv muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam rau lub cev muaj zog tshaj li hais tias ntawm ib tug neeg laus. Yog li ntawd yog dab tsi platelets, thiab dab tsi nqi ntawm platelet nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam?

Yuav ua li cas yog cov hlwb?

Platelets xa mus rau lub hlwb, kom ntseeg tau lub sam xeeb ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Lawv yog ua los ntawm cov megakaryocyte - giant hlwb devoid ntawm nuclei. Cov tsim ntawm cov ntshav platelets (thrombocytes thib ob lub npe) yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw los ntawm lawv cov detachment los ntawm cov giant hlwb.

Cov hlab ntsha yeej hais txog 70 feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov tsim hlwb thiab 30 feem pua yog tus po. Muaj tshwm sim thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov hlwb.

Platelets tsis muaj keeb, thiab yog li lawv tsis muaj peev xwm rau cov me nyuam.

Lawv cytoplasm comprises ib tug xov tooj ntawm enzymes thiab tshuaj conducive mus rau tsim ntawm thrombi, uas lub hlwb thiab nqa tawm lawv zog.

Platelets yog cov luv luv-nyob - los ntawm 7 mus rau 10 hnub, tom qab uas lub qub hlwb puas lawm los macrophages.

Platelet cai nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam yog ib txwm me ntsis ntau tshaj li nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus. Qhov no yog vim muaj ib tug active metabolism ntawm tus me nyuam lub cev. Yuav ua li cas yog cov ib txwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov xov tooj ntawm no hlwb?

ib txwm theem

Yuav ua li cas yog cov nyiaj tib nruab nrab yog txiav txim los ntawm cov ntshav yuav tsum tau ua platelets? Cov cai nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam yog feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov nram no yog hom twg:

• Nyob rau hauv tus me nyuam mos cov me nyuam mos, tus xov tooj ntawm platelets yog feem ntau nyob nruab nrab ntawm 100 thiab 420 * 10⁹ hlwb ib liter ntawm cov ntshav.
• Thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntawm ib lub xyoo yam tsawg kawg nkaus platelet suav nce me ntsis - mus txog rau 150. Qhov siab tshaj plaws, on qhov tsis tooj, yog txo mus rau 350.
• Tom qab ib xyoos ntawm platelet-derived index ntawm tus me nyuam yog tib yam li ib tug neeg laus - 180-320 * 10⁹ ib liter ntawm cov ntshav.
• Thaum muaj hnub nyoog tsib, tej zaum kuj yog ib tug tej yam tshwm sim - hloov platelets (lub cai nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam 5 xyoo tsis txawv los ntawm ib tug neeg laus cov nuj nqis, tab sis lub hlwb ua ntau yam kom nquag plias, uas yog vim li cas txoj kev loj hlob trombopaty cai). Qhov no tshwm sim yog piav los ntawm tus thib ob xyuas crosshairs. Vim lub dominance ntawm qe yuav tau triggered mob dab cuav ua kom cov qe ua ntshav khov.

Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov hais tias hais tias thaum cov ntshav mus kuaj kho vajtse thiab phau ntawv platelet suav tus nqi nyob rau hauv tus me nyuam cov ntshav muaj peev xwm sib txawv dog dig. Yog li ntawd, cov tsis siv neeg muab xam los ntawm cov nyiaj pab ntau tshaj permissible qub qhov tseem ceeb li 500 daim hlau nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam mos thiab mus txog rau 400 thaum lub caij xyoo-laus tus me nyuam.

Preference yuav tsum tau muab rau tag nrho cov phau ntawv suav: yuav tsis ua yuam kev thiab ntau - ua qhov tseeb kuaj mob.

Yuav ua li cas yog lawv tsim?

Cov tsim ntawm cov ntshav platelets tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub hlwb pob txha. Lub txwv zeej txwv koob cov hlwb - megakaryocyte - giant cell. Nws yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm endothelial hlwb thiab fibroblasts. By raug ntawm lub hlwb los ntawm sab nraum yog cais hais megakaryocyte (cytoplasm nws kis tau ntawm ib ncig lub hlwb thiab yog li otshnurovyvaetsya).

Mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, platelets circulate los ntawm nws kom txog thaum nws nce mus txog tus puas txog ntsha feem (ib qho tseem ceeb kom muaj endothelial kev puas tsuaj). Hauv muaj platelets ua ib co humoral dab uas ua nyob rau hauv nyob rau hauv situ tsim fibrotic txhab ncej uas tso thiab tshiab platelets. Yog li tsim thawj dawb, ces liab thrombus.

Tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim tsa ntawm lub hlwb nyob rau hauv lub hlwb pob txha tshwm sim txhua hnub, muab los siv kom muaj lub cev npaum li cas. Tej pob txha yuav pab tau kom tsis txhob los nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov phiaj lawm.

tus xov tooj ntawm tes hloov

Raws li yog lub npe hu, tag nrho cov ciaj ciam ntawm lub sab hauv ib puag ncig ntawm tib neeg lub cev hloov nyob rau hauv tus ntawm cov neeg los yog lwm yam yog vim li cas. Nce theem ntawm platelet hu ua thrombocytosis. Nws yuav tsum tau muab faib mus rau hauv thawj thiab. Primary thrombocytosis yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov ncaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov hlwb pob txha. Nws nyob rau ntawm theem nrab comorbidities.

Txo platelet suav yog hu ua leukopenia. Raws li zoo raws li thrombocytosis, nws yog muab faib ua thawj thiab.

Nws yog tsim nyog los nkag siab txog yuav ua li cas platelets nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam sib txawv. Cai (rooj muaj xws li ib txwm muaj nuj nqis thiab txawv, feem muaj hnub nyoog) yuav varied rau ib tog thiab tej zaum ntshai incorrectly. Uas yog vim li cas nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias cov tau hloov los ntawm lub cai nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam rau qhov tseeb kuaj mob. lub rooj yog raws li nram no.

Yog li ntawd yog vim li cas hloov cov ntaub ntawv khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm hlwb? Nws yog tsim nyog los xaiv no qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv ntau yam.

Yog vim li cas rau koj ntxiv kom ntau ntau cov qe ua ntshav khov

Yog vim li cas ces yuav ua rau kom platelets? Cov cai nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam muaj peev xwm sib txawv vim yog lub nram qab no yog vim li cas:

• Myeloproliferative kab mob (feem ntau yog ib tug pob txha neoplastic txhab nrog ib qho kev nce rau hauv nws cov kev haumxeeb ua si). Qhov nce nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm platelets yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw feem ntau los ntawm ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv lwm lub hlwb.
• Inflammatory kab mob mas feem ntau yog mob xwm - rheumatoid ob leeg kab mob (juvenile mob caj dab), tuberculosis.
• Los ntshav. Muaj yog ib txoj kev haumxeeb platelet overproduction kom tsis txhob ntshav poob.
• Glucocorticosteroids. Cov tshuaj hormones nrog heev siv (e.g., mob hawb pob) ua rau kom lub fact tias yuav luag tag nrho cov tawg ntuj, txawm li cas los thrombocytosis zaum yuav tshwm sim.

Platelets siab dua li ib txwm nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam muaj peev xwm muaj cai raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov ntshav system (eg, thaum eritremii).

Txo tus naj npawb ntawm platelets

Raws li hais, cov theem ntawm txhaws hlwb yuav txo tau. Yog vim li cas yog no mas?

Platelets yog hauv qab no ib txwm nyob rau hauv tus me nyuam muaj cai ntau tshaj ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov ntshav - aplastic anemia thiab leukemia. Thiab txo cov hlwb ntawm lub cev.

Mob muaj keeb kab mob. Cov no muaj xws Uiskotta-Aldrich syndrome, Fanconi, histiocytosis. Nws yog ib cov kab mob ua rau lub fact tias cov me nyuam muaj txo platelets. Norma cov me nyuam yuav luag yeej tsis tshwm sim, platelets theem yog yeej ib txwm txo.

Ua poj niam. Lawv yog cov ua kom muaj thrombocytopenia nyob rau hauv hluas nkauj uas nyuam qhuav tau cai menarche. ib tug tseem ceeb yuav txo tau nyob rau hauv cov theem ntawm hlwb yuav tsum muaj cai ua ntej lub normalization voj voog.

Heavy hlau lom. Cov feem ntau muaj hmoov txhuas lom (piv txwv li, lub rooj plaub thaum tus me nyuam muab qhov chaw no lom raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub evaporation ntawm cov vapors ntawm tus tshiab wallpaper).

Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam

Platelet indices yog normalized rau hauv lub niaj zaus ib lub xyoo, tab sis thaum lub sij hawm neonatal lub sij hawm tus me nyuam cov ntshav system yog niaj ib co kev hloov.

Thaum platelets yog txiav txim, tus nqi ntawm cov me nyuam tej zaum yuav hloov me ntsis mus rau ib tug lub xyoo. Piv txwv li, thaum lub sij hawm thawj thawj tsib lub sij hawm ntawm lub neej ntawm tus me nyuam cov ntshav pom li 215 lab platelets. Thaum lub sij hawm ua ntej tsib hnub, qhov no xov tooj txo, thiab los ntawm tus kawg ntawm 5 hnub hauv lub xov tooj yuav tsis nyob rau theem ntawm 175 lab. Nws yog nyob rau sis thib 5 ntawd hnub muaj teeb meem loj cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv cov ntshav - lub theem txawv tsis tsuas platelet tab sis kuj leukocyte (lub thiaj-hu ua "xyuas txiab" - hla lymphocytes thiab qe). Hais txog cov xov tooj ntawm platelets stabilized nrog lub thib kaum hnub - yam tsawg kawg 100 lab hlwb (100-420 * 10⁹).

Raws li yuav 180-320 * 10⁹ hlob lawv tus xov tooj tsub kom me ntsis, thiab rau txog ib lub xyoo.

Yuav ua li cas qhia hais tias platelets?

Yuav kom txiav txim seb lub xov tooj ntawm cov ntshav platelets siv cov ntshav mus kuaj. Tuav nws thaum twg lub tsev kho mob los sis kuaj nruab nrog qhov tsim nyog cov khoom.

yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account tus me nyuam lub hnub nyoog nyob rau hauv tus tsom xam. Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov hais tias hais tias, yog hais tias tus platelets yog txiav txim, tus nqi rau cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv ib lub xyoo, namely nws qis ciam teb, yog heev tsawg. Panicking tsuas yog nyob rau hauv rooj plaub yog hais tias tus qis tus nqi yog tsawg tshaj li 100.

Indications rau defining hlwb ntev los ntshav los yog, conversely, overly sai thrombus tsim.

Raws li hais saum toj no, yog hais tias tus platelets yog txiav txim, tus nqi ntawm cov me nyuam tej zaum yuav ib nyuag ywj faj ywj fwm raws li tus suav txoj kev. Yog hais tias siv ib tug cia li suav, lub sab sauv txwv ntawm ib txwm yog me ntsis ntau tshaj li thaum lub sij hawm ntawm txhais tes suav. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias cov ntaus ntawv yuav siv sij hawm txawm me me ntshav txhaws li ntau thrombi, thiab tus txiv neej nyob rau hauv lub xam - yuav ua li cas ib tug cell.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus txiav txim tus naj npawb ntawm hlwb yuav raug soj ntsuam thiab lawv tej qhov kev ua si. Ua li no, nws tsa lwm txoj kev tshawb - coagulation. Nws yuav ntes irregularities nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, txawm yog hais tias tus nqi ntawm platelets nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm tus me nyuam tau lawm tias.

Qhov uas hloov li qub qhov tseem ceeb?

Vim li cas txiav txim rau cov theem ntawm cov ntshav thrombogenic hais? Lawv txiav txim yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv cov nram no mob:

• Tsis tshua muaj ntau ntau cov hlwb muaj txhawb rau txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm los ntshav. Thaum tau txais daim ntawv ntawm kev raug mob heev tsub kom qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib tug loj tsis ntawm cov ntshav (thiab txoj kev poob ntawm ib tug me nyuam, txawm ib tug me me npaum li cas ntawm cov ntshav yuav ua tau kom neeg tuag taus). Feem ntau harbingers cell theem yuav txo tau yog doog rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij txawm tom qab ib lub teeb kev sib cuag nrog nws. Thaum lawv yuav tshwm sim tau tsim nyog yuav tsum tau mus soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv platelets.
• Ua lub theem ntawm hlwb nyob rau hauv nce thrombus tsim, uas muaj peev xwm adversely cuam tshuam cov ntshav ncig nyob rau hauv general (kom yuav ntawm thrombosis thiab tom ntej stroke, plawv nres, los yog necrosis).

Uas yog vim li cas nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los txhais cov ntaub ntawv ntsiab ntawm cov ntshav.