Plagiarism thiab copyright nyob rau hauv keeb kwm

"Beginners paj huam qog, paub tab - lawv nyiag." Tomas Eliot, lub kws sau paj lug.

Plagiarism - ib tug burning qhov teeb meem kopipasta era. Yuav ua li cas cov neeg kho nws thoob plaws muab sau tseg? Cov tib phenomenon ntsia heev txawv txawv sij hawm.

Plagiarism nyob rau hauv antiquity thiab cov Nrab Hnub nyoog

Thaum ib tug Latin lo lus plagiarius criminal uas kidnaps cov neeg thiab lawv muag mus ua qhev. Plagiarism, raws li peb to taub tias tam sim no, thaum nws tsis yog, thiab yuav tsis nyob rau hauv tus yuav: kawm neeg zoo versed nyob rau hauv lub fine arts, tej hauj lwm twb tsis npaum li cas txhua txhua quote tau tam sim ntawd yuav pom. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm daim duab muaj nyob rau hauv luam koj cov piv txwv, lo lus cim, hais lus revolutions thiab theses. Hais lus xyaum Cicero, paj huam - Pindar thiab Anacreon, philosophers - Aristotle.

Plagiarism yog lub hauv paus ntawm ancient kab lis kev cai thiab, yog li, los ua lub hauv paus ntawm niaj hnub European civilization. Lub hnub revolved ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb, lub ntiaj teb no yog ruaj khov kho thiab muaj ib qhov nqi ntawm tagnrho, unattainable kuaj los ntawm Vajtswv txoj nyob rau hauv lub literal siab ntawm lo lus. Piv txwv li, cov khoom ntawm Virgil sybils siv rau txojkev saib hmoov. Lub npe lwm compiler tsis muaj ib tug yog tshwj xeeb yog txaus siab nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus nug ntawm authorship tsis yog. Xws li yog cov ntsuj plig ntawm lub hnub nyoog. Tus sau phau ntawv ntawm ancient keeb kwm thiab nyob rau hauv lub taub hau yuav tsis tuaj mus rau muab tso rau hauv qab ntawm lub scroll mus kos npe rau.

Plagiarism nyob rau hauv lub Renaissance

Hloov nyob rau hauv copyright pib nyob rau hauv lub Renaissance, thaum muaj tswv yim neeg coob thiab pib sib tw nrog txhua lwm yam. Piv txwv li, qhov 1600 th xyoo, ntxias pib kos npe rau lawv cov paintings.

Luam tawm thiab memorizing tseem yog tus tsuas yog txoj kev ntawm kev kawm ntawv. Copy rau tswv yim neeg yog li tej yam ntuj tso li ua tsis taus pa, tab sis tus dawb huv nqi ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab podrasteryal thiab txhua leej txhua tus strove yuav tsum tau sau tseg nyob rau hauv lub kos duab ntxiv ib yam dab tsi tseem cia nrog. Tus sau phau ntawv pib vigilantly kom paub tseeb tias tsis muaj ib tug Stribro lawv muaj tswv yim cuab yeej cuab tam.

Tom qab ntau centuries uas muaj tswv yim lawv pendulum copyright ambitions swung nyob rau hauv kev coj rov qab. Nqi ntawm tub sab tub nyiag ntawv los yog cov tswv yim nchuav nyob rau hauv thoob, tshaj tej ntawm, lawv yog ib tug zoo kawg ua txhaum thiab yog vim li cas rau lub heev heev sib foob thiab duels.

Qhov teeb meem ntawm plagiarism tau ua keenly xav nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov. Critics thiab biographers pib meticulously kawm classics, yooj yim nrhiav rau peb zoo siab txais tos, thiab qhov no deal kom deb li deb. Tam sim no ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws plagiarists yog teev, piv txwv li, Shakespeare, Poe, Longfellow, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Lowell, thiab Dzhek London. Los ntawm kuj tshiab discoveries - Martin Luther King, slyamzili doctorate. Coj qhov chaw nyob rau ib feem ntawm ib tug muaj peev xwm li pedants tswv yim mus rau deprive nws ntawm ib tug scientific degree posthumously tau unhesitatingly tseg los ntawm lub scientific lub zej lub zos ntawm nom tswv correctness.

Cov niaj hnub cwj pwm rau plagiarism

Thaum lub sij hawm plagiarism teeb meem tau raug ua hauj lwm tawm nyob rau hauv kom meej. Txim txhaum plagiarism muab faib mus rau hauv dawb huv npaum nkaus, reminiscence, paraphrase thiab quote, txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau brutal ces twb plagiarized. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub "bastard-plagiarist" muab rau hauv "kev hloov maj mam tswv ntawm reminiscences." Yuav ua li cas yog ib zajlus kom - qhov rhiab qhov teeb meem, raws li cov tswv yim thiab cov duab, nws yog heev yooj yim mus nrhiav tau cov xaus.

Piv txwv li, Elena sau Surzhikova song "Kuv yuav tsis dag," rau Karachentsova, thiab ces ib tug paab chorus tseem muaj tsis muaj kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub song "Boel" suab paj nruas "Notre Dame de Paris". Reminiscence yog, quote los yog siab phem hom phiaj - yog to taub los yog tsis tau muaj pov thawj.

tam sim no heev npaum li cas cov ntaub ntawv no tso rau hauv peb txhua tus lub hlwb, kev cia siab hais tias nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg peb muaj ib tug ci ntsa iab lub tswv yim - peb tus kheej.

Tsis ntev dhau los, cov American keeb kwm Association nug xibfwb Michael Rawson ntawm lub University of Wisconsin nyob rau hauv Madison los tsim ib tug pedagogical lub tswv yim uas yuav pab tau cov tub ntxhais kawm tsis txhob plagiarism. Cov xib fwb ua ib tug zoo kawg li txoj kev loj hlob, tab sis nws sai sai no los ua tseeb hais tias nws yog kiag li splagiachena los ntawm ua ntej lawm soj ntsuam. Peb pib to taub, thiab nws muab tawm hais tias cov sau phau ntawv siv cov tswv yim ntawm lwm leej lwm tus. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, peb muab thiab tau yuam kom lees tias cov authorship rau lw lub thawj qhov chaw yog tsis tau.

Niaj hnub no tag nrho cov kev txhawj xeeb tsis plagiarism thiab copyright. Qhov ntawd tsis yog qhov authorship thiab copyright - txoj cai ntawm coj mus muag siv thiab luam. Lub authorship ntawm lub tib yam - ib tug txheeb ze tshaj plaws. Leej twg yog Banksy, qhov no zoo kawg li artist - ib tug neeg los yog ib pab pawg neeg ntawm cov phooj ywg? Leej twg yog tus sau sau "Ghostwriter" detectives nrog lub npe ntawm peb cov nrov tshaj plaws txawj sau ntawv rau hauv lub cover? Cov lus teb no yog tsis muaj, thiab yeej yuav tsis yog - txawm hais tias qhov teeb meem yog ib qhov tseeb, raws li cov Kohinoor pob zeb diamond thiab tib zoo coj mus muag.