Piv txwv ntawm real-time khiav hauj lwm systems. Piv txwv ntawm network operating systems

Cov kev khiav hauj lwm qhov system tiag tiag lub sij hawm (RTOS) - qhov no OS, uas guarantees ib tug tej yam muaj peev xwm rau ib tug predetermined lub sij hawm luv. Piv txwv li, tej zaum nws yuav tsum tau tsim thiaj li mus tso saib uas ib tug kwv tau los ua muaj nyob rau hauv neeg hlau nyob rau hauv cov los ua ke kab. Tej coatings yog dej num raws li "nyuaj" thiab "mos mos."

tiag tiag-lub sij hawm Hard operating systems xav hais tias cov muab xam tsis tau tua, yog hais tias tus kwv yog tsis muaj nyob rau ntawm cov hoob lub sij hawm (lub lag luam no yuav xaus nyob rau hauv tsis ua hauj lwm).

Cov mos mos operating system nyob rau hauv real-time los ua ke kab nyob rau hauv cov tej yam kev mob yuav khiav, tab sis cov qhov tso zis tej zaum yuav tsawg dua vim hais tias cov chaw muaj tsis tau yuav tsum tau ua muaj nyob rau hauv vim lub sij hawm, nrog rau cov tshwm sim uas tus neeg hlau yuav mus ib ntus unproductive.

Ua ntej qhia piv txwv ntawm real-time khiav hauj lwm systems, koj yuav tsum to taub lub peculiarities ntawm lawv cov kev siv. Ib txhia ntawm cov OS yog tsim rau tej daim ntaub ntawv, thaum lwm tus neeg - rau ntau general. Ntxiv mus, ib co general-lub hom phiaj casing tej thaum kuj siv tau rau lub lag luam nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm. Raws li cov piv txwv ntawm no hom ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm systems yuav ua tau zoo-paub qhov rais 2000 los yog IBM Microsoft / 390. Hais tias yog, txawm yog hais tias tus operating system tsis tau raws li tej yam uas yuav tsum tau, tej zaum nws yuav muaj yam ntxwv uas cia kom peb xav txog nws raws li ib tug tshuaj rau ib daim ntawv thov cov teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm.

Piv txwv ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm systems thiab lawv characterization

Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, lub operating system ntawm lub sij hawm muaj cov nram qab cov yam ntxwv:

• Multitasking.
• Txheej txheem tsev uas yuav tau prioritized.
• Ib tug txaus tus naj npawb ntawm interrupt ntau.

Real-lub sij hawm khiav hauj lwm systems yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv me me kos tawv, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv microdevices hom. Piv txwv li, ib co ntawm cov keeb yuav suav hais tias raws li ib-tasking operating system (piv txwv: lub ntsiav raws li ib feem ntawm iOS no, Android, etc ...) Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm. Txawm li cas los, ua lawv paub tab yuav tsum tau lwm yam ntawm tus dais, piv txwv li, cov neeg tsav tsheb. Yog vim li cas tag nrho-fledged operating system yog tiag tiag-lub sij hawm, raws li ib tug txoj cai, yog ntau tshaj li cov ntsiav.

Ib tug raug piv txwv yog lub daim ntawv thov RTOS HDTV-receiver thiab ib tug zaub. Nws yuav tsum tau nyeem cov teeb liab, txiav suab ntawm nws thiab zaub nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom cov ntaub ntawv. Tej kev ncua yuav hnov li lub pixel yees duab thiab / los yog lub suab yog distorted.

Txawm li cas los, thaum lub suab thov "muab piv txwv ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm systems ntawm no hom," yog hais txog hais nto moo tshaj plaws npe. Yuav ua li cas ib feem ntawm no pab pawg neeg?

VxWorks los ntawm tuam txhab uas muag WindRiver

VxWorks yog ib tug tiag tiag-lub sij hawm khiav hauj lwm qhov system tsim raws li ib tug proprietary software nrog kev pab los ntawm WindRiver. Thaum xub thawj tso rau hauv 1987, VxWorks yog Ameslikas tsim rau siv nyob rau hauv kos systems uas yuav tsum tau tiag tiag-lub sij hawm thiab deterministic kev kawm. Yog li, piv txwv ntawm hom ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm systems yog siv nyob rau hauv cov kev tiv thaiv thiab kev ruaj ntseg chaw, txawv lag luam (tshwj xeeb yog cov khoos kas aerospace thiab tiv thaiv), cov siv thiab ua cov kev kho mob pab kiag li lawm, muaj khoom, robotics, zog, thauj tswj, network infrastructure, txhim kho lub tsheb thiab cov neeg siv electronics.

VxWorks txhawb lub Intel (x 86, nrog rau ib tug tshiab version ntawm IntelQuarkSoC thiab x86-64), MIPS, PowerPC, SH-4, thiab NPAB-architecture. Nws los nrog ib tug haib RTOS ntsiav, middleware, them nyiaj yug rau tus nqi raws li add-on pob thiab kho vajtse technologies los ntawm lwm manufacturers. Nyob rau hauv nws cov tseeb qhov teeb meem - lub VxWorks 7 - lub system tau upgraded rau lub modularity thiab cov txawj tej yam ntxiv li hais tias cov OS tseem yog muaj nyias los ntawm lub middleware, daim ntaub ntawv, thiab lwm yam pob.

QNX Neutrino

Tsis tas li ntawd classic piv txwv ntawm hom ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm systems - ib co Unix zoo li lub plhaub lawm. Xws li yog cov QNX Neutrino, muas thaum chiv thawj tsim nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1980s, cov Canadian lub tuam txhab Quantum Software Systems. Thaum kawg, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm BlackBerry twb kis tau nyob rau hauv 2010. QNX yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj muag vam meej microkernel operating systems, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam pab kiag li lawm, xws li lub tsheb thiab txawb tes.

FreeRTOS

FreeRTOS yog ib tug nrov nuclear OS real-time kos pab kiag li lawm, uas yog loaded 35 microcontrollers. Nws extends nyob rau hauv GPL daim ntawv tso cai nrog rau cov ntxiv txwv thiab yeem zam. Txwv txwv tsis pub benchmarking, thaum lub sij hawm kev zam pub rau cov neeg mus siv lawv tus kheej cov cai nrog ib tug kaw qhov twg los, thaum tswj cov tub ntxhais nws tus kheej. Nws yog li tswj cov kev siv FreeRTOS nyob rau hauv koj tus kheej daim ntaub ntawv.

lub qhov rais CE

Lub qhov rais Embedded Compact - yog lub operating system ntawm lub subfamily tsim "Microsoft" li nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais Embedded tsev neeg ntawm cov khoom. Tsis zoo li lub qhov rais Embedded Standard, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais NT, cov piv txwv ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm systems siv kom hybrid ntsiav. "Microsoft" tuam txhab muab lub qhov rais CE daim ntawv tso cai rau thawj cov khoom manufacturers uas yuav hloov thiab tsim lawv tus kheej cov neeg siv interfaces, kev muab cov kev hauv paus rau qhov no.