Pereyaslavl nqi zog: thaj chaw, kab lis kev cai, Pereyaslavl princes, keeb kwm

Laus Lavxias teb sab Pereyaslavl nqi zog twb tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm lub nroog ntawm Pereyaslavl, thawj tseem ceeb mention ntawm uas koom rau hauv lub xyoo 992, thaum tub huabtais Vladimir lub Great nrhiav tau. Cov fortress ua tau raws li ib feem ntawm tus tiv thaiv kab, los tiv thaiv lub teb chaws los ntawm steppe nomads, thawj Pechenegs, ces Polovtsy. Needless nqi zog sawv nyob rau hauv 1054, tom qab kev tuag ntawm Yaroslava Mudrogo, uas ua raws li los ntawm ib tug lub sij hawm ntawm nom tswv disintegration ntawm Russia.

thaj txoj hauj lwm

Pereyaslavskaya av yog nyob rau hauv lub phiab Trubezh, Sula thiab kua zaub. Nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob ntawm nws yog Kiev nqi zog. Los ntawm sab qab teb thiab sab hnub tuaj Pereyaslavl cov khoom tau surrounded los ntawm cov tsiaj qus steppe, qhov twg khiav qhov bandit horde. Thoob plaws hauv nws cov keeb kwm Pereyaslavl nqi zog pom zoo rau nomads thiab muaj ntau zaus lawv puas.

rov tshwm sim

Kev Pereyaslavl nqi zog phua los ntawm Kiev ib tug ntawm cov thawj. Nyob rau hauv 1054 nws tau mus rau lub tus tub Yaroslava Mudrogo Vsevolod Yaroslavovich. Ces Pereyaslavl mas suav hais tias peb tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nroog tom qab lub Rus ntawm Kiev thiab Chernigov. Vim qhov sib thooj ntawm cov Polovtsian steppe muaj ib tug muaj zog tub cheev xwm. Cov yav qab teb ciam teb ntawm lub nqi zog yog strewn outposts. Archaeological tshawb pom nyob rau hauv lub ruins ntawm lawv qhia hais tias cov fortresses twb ntes, kub tuag, rhuav tshem thiab rebuilt.

Thawj ib ntsoog loj heev phiaj los nqis tes nyob rau hauv Pereyaslavl nqi zog Cumans coj nyob rau hauv 1061. Kom txog thaum uas lub sij hawm ntawd lawv tsuas taug xaiv, thiab Rurik koom nomads tiag txaus. Nyob rau hauv 1068 Polovtsian troops tau ntsib nrog ib tug ua ke peb retinue ntawm Yaroslav - Izyaslav, Svyatoslav thiab Vsevolod. Lub sib ntaus sib tua coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub Alta dej tsis deb ntawm lub Pereyaslavl. Polovtsi yeej. Princes khiav mus Kiev, nyob qhov twg cov pejxeem tsis txaus siab nrog lub passivity ntawm cov tub ceev xwm tau ntxeev siab.

infighting

Nyob rau hauv 1073 Pereyaslav tub huabtais Vsevolod tau txais los ntawm nws tus tij laug Svyatoslav Chernigov. Kuv tsis pom zoo nws lawm tub Oleg Nrog cov tshuaj no. Cov teeb meem coj mus rau hauv tsov rog. Txawm tias Pereyaslavl princes ua ib tug, ntau tiv thaiv nrog Polovtsy nyob rau hauv cov suab puam, lawv tau mus sib ntaus sib tua nrog rau cov nomads thiab thaum lub sij hawm nrog strife nyob rau hauv Russia. Ib txhia Rurik (Oleg Svyatoslavovych) tsis yig mus nrhiav kev pab los ntawm lub horde.

Nyob rau hauv 1078, None Vsevolod Yaroslavich yeej tub. Tom qab ntawd yeej, nws kuj yog tus uas kav lub Kiev, handing tshaj rau nws tus tub Rostislav Pereyaslavl thiab Chernigov muab rau lwm tus tub - Vladimir Monomakh. Txais kom tiv thaiv cov qub txeeg qub teg ntawm nws txiv. Nyob rau hauv 1080 nws tau mus rau Pereyaslavschiny mus suppress lub rebellion ntawm Torquay.

Cov reign ntawm Monomakh

Rostislav Gromov twb tragically tua nyob rau hauv 1093 nyob rau hauv ib tug sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv cov Polovtsy rau hauv Stugna dej. Nws cov kwv tij tau zoo Vladimir Pereyaslavl nqi zog. Lub thaj chaw ntawm lub qub txeeg qub teg yuav tsum tau DC lub hwj chim. Monomakh muab Chernigov Oleg Svjatoslavovich, thiab nws feeb meej nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv Pereyaslavl los ntawm lub steppe hordes.

Vladimir Gromov los ua tus hero ntawm nws lub sij hawm. Nws yog tus thawj ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab princes tsis tau tsuas yog tiv thaiv los ntawm cov nomads, tab sis nws tau ua mus ua si rau lawv lub teb chaws. Laus Lavxias teb sab xeev tau ntev uas yuav tsum tau xws li ib tug thawj coj. Yog tias thaum Monomakh mus txog lub ncov ntawm nws cov nom tswv tseem ceeb Pereyaslavl nqi zog. Lub keeb kwm ntawm cov xyoo no yog muaj li ntawm ntau kaj yeej tshaj lub Polovtsy. Nyob rau hauv 1103 Monomakh ntxias kom lwm Rurik koom rog thiab mus ib retinue deb mus rau hauv lub steppe. Cov tub rog mus nyob rau hauv Dnieper rapids thiab tua yeej tsis tos strike vezhi nomads.

Jaropolk V.

Raws li cov haib tshaj Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Russia, nyob rau hauv 1113, Vladimir Monomakh coj lub zwm txwv ntawm Kiev. Nws yog qhov kawg lub sij hawm thaum lub qub Lavxias teb sab xeev tseem muaj tej yam tshwm sim ntawm rallying. Vladimir muab Pereyaslavl nws tus tub Yaropolk. Nyob rau hauv 1116 nws thiab nws tus txiv tau koom tes nyob rau hauv lub phiaj los nqis tes tiv thaiv tsis tau cov Ming tub huabtais Gleb Vseslavich. Jaropolk Drutsk yuav thiab muab tso rau ib feem ntawm nws cov inhabitants nyob rau hauv lub nroog nyob rau hauv lub qis nce mus txog Zheldi Sula.

Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo tus tub ntawm Monomakh mus rau Polovtsy Don cheeb tsam, qhov chaw uas tus nres coj peb lub zos: Balin, Sharukan thiab NPGs. Nyob rau hauv pab pawg nrog tus tub huabtais ntawm Pereyaslavl ces nws ua tus tub ntawm tus pas ntsuas ntawm Chernigov Vsevolod Davidovich. Yeej ntawm Lavxias teb sab caj npab tau ua lawv txoj hauj lwm. Polovtsi on raug tso nyob ib leeg East Slavic principalities. Ntiaj teb lasted kom txog thaum 1125, thaum Vladimir Monomakh tuag nyob rau hauv Kiev.

Cov tawm tsam rau Pereyaslavl

Txais cuab tam ntawm Vladimir nyob rau hauv Kiev yog nws eldest tus tub Mstislav Veliky. Nws tuag nyob rau hauv 1132. Jaropolk coj qhov chaw ntawm nws tus tij laug. Tom qab no sib hloov nyob rau hauv Pereyaslavl pib ib lub sij hawm ntawm qhov kev hloov ntawm rulers. Lub nroog los ua ib tug thov nyiaj ntawm Rostov-Suzdal tub huabtais Yury Dolgoruky. Thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog nws yog banished los ntawm Pereyaslavl ob tug tub Mstislava Velikogo (Vsevolod thiab Izyaslav).

Nyob rau hauv 1134 Yaropolk Kievsky pom tau hais tias cov cai ntawm nws tus tij laug nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb nqi zog Dolgoruky. Txawm li cas los, cov tshuaj no twb tsis txaus siab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Chernigov ceg ntawm lub Rurik. Nyob rau hauv pab pawg nrog rau cov Polovtsy cov princes Pereyaslavskaya devastated av. Lawv txawm khiav mus rau Kiev, ces Jaropolk mus sib. Pereyaslavl twb pauv mus rau lwm ntawm nws tus tij laug Andrei Vladimirovich zoo, txoj cai muaj nyob rau hauv lub 1135-1141 biennium.

Lub ntxiv txoj hmoo ntawm cov nqi zog

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua XII, ua ntej thaum kawg koom Rus phua rau hauv ntau principalities. Ib txhia qub txeeg qub teg los ua siab ywj siab los ntawm Kiev. Pereyaslavl tau koom rau cov hom me principalities, qhov muaj yog tsis muaj tsim nws tus kheej lub dynasty, thiab lub nroog nrog cov surrounding pawg neeg thaj av across hloov rulers raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm civil tsov kev rog thiab diplomatic ob peb ua ke.

Lub ntsiab tawm tsam rau hauv thaj av no yog tsim ntawm Kiev, Rostov thiab Chernigov governors. Nyob rau hauv 1141-1149 gg. Pereyaslavl kav los ntawm tus tub thiab tus xeeb ntxwv Mstislava Velikogo. Ces nqi zog kis mus rau cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Yuriya Dolgorukogo, uas nws ze cov txheeb ze ntawm senior tswj Suzdal North-Eastern Russia.

Nyob rau hauv 1239 Pereyaslavl yog nyob rau hauv txoj kev mus rau Russia invading Mongols. City (thiab ntau lwm tus neeg) twb ntes thiab rhuav tshem. Tom qab ntawd, nws twb yeej tsis tau tag nrho rov qab thiab ua ib qho tseem ceeb nom tswv chaw. Pereyaslavl twb muaj nyob rau hauv cov cuab yeej ntawm tus tub huabtais ntawm Kiev thiab ceased mus ua si ib qho kev ywj luag hauj lwm. Thaum pib ntawm lub XIV xyoo pua, South Russia twb nyob ntawm Lithuania. Thaum kawg Pereyaslavl nqi zog twb annexed mus rau nws nyob rau hauv 1363.

Culture thiab kev ntseeg

Laus Lavxias teb sab Pereyaslavl nqi zog, lub kab lis kev cai uas tej nws heyday nyob rau hauv lub XI-XII centuries., Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm East Slavic pab pawg neeg alliances glades, northerners thiab Ulichi. archaeological chaw hais txog lawv muaj nyob rau hauv lub basins ntawm lub Sula, Seym, Vorksly, Psel thiab cov Seversky Donets. Yeej lawv yog funerary Pagan cim (Barrows, graves thiab t. D.).

Christianity tuaj rau Pereyaslavl, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lwm yam Lavxias teb sab lub zos nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm X xyoo pua tom qab ua kev cai raus tub huabtais Vladimira Svyatoslavovicha. Muaj unconfirmed kev tshawb xav yog tias nyob rau hauv lub zos no yog thawj chaw nyob ntawm tus metropolitans li ntev raws li Kiev tau tsis tau txais Hagia Sophia.

cov lag luam tawm

Economic thiab kev loj hlob ntawm Pereyaslavl nqi zog twb tsa los ntawm qhov sib thooj rau cov lag luam tawm tseem khiav, uas Russia hloov pauv nrog cov sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qab teb lub teb chaws. Chief ntawm lawv yog tus dej Dnieper leeg txuas rau sab hnub tuaj Slavs nrog Byzantium. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lawv "los ntawm lub Vikings rau lub Greeks" Ntsev yog tseem txoj kev nyob rau hauv uas pauv nrog rau cov ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm lub Azov thiab Dub hiav txwv. Tom qab Pereyaslavschiny tub txawj tub ntse mus txog deb sab hnub tuaj Tmutarakani thiab cov Volga cheeb tsam.

Nws yog ib tug lucrative lag luam kev tiv thaiv tsis tau ib yam ntawm lub ntsiab yam tseem ceeb ntawm tshwj xeeb mloog mus rau cov kws muaj txuj ci ntawm cov thawj ntawm cov steppe av. Caravans thiab fleet (nrog rau cov Dnieper rapids) yog feem ntau raug mus tawm tsam ntawm lub nomads thiab cia li bandits. Li ntawd, cov fortified castles thiab txoj tau ua cia li nyob rau hauv cov lag luam tawm tseem khiav. Pereyaslavl tub txawj tub ntse ships yog ib feem ntawm lub mainstream ntawm lub Dnieper los ntawm Trubezh. Ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm tus dej muaj ib lub lag luam chaw ua si. Nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw, archaeologists tau pom tawg tsam ntawm Greek amphoras.

lub zos

Qhov loj tshaj plaws lub zos ntawm cov nqi zog, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub Pereyaslavl, tau ua Vladimirom Monomahom Oster lub zos transit trading point warriors, Npalu, Ksnyatin, Lukoml, raws li zoo raws li ib tug fortress rau lub site ntawm hnub no lub kev sib hais haum Miklashevsky. Feem ntau ntawm lawv koom Posulskoy defensive kab hnab ntawv influx ntawm Sulu Dnieper. Lawv poob tshwm sim tom qab invasion ntawm Batu.

Lub ntsiab attraction ntawm Pereyaslavl yog Michael lub Cathedral. Chaw tub huabtais yog nyob rau Detinets. Muaj kuj nyob rau hauv lub siab txiv plig ntawm lub nroog. Npis Sov loog twb muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm ib lub pob zeb phab ntsa, cov ruins ntawm uas tau dim rau peb lub sij hawm. Ib yam li lwm medieval lub zos, cov pejxeem feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub tenements. Archaeologists tau pom muaj ntau ntau cov khoom ntawm cov lag luam thiab crafts. Lub nroog tau tsawg rau nws lub sij hawm, ib tug Rhiav rau qhov siv thiab ntawm cov iav.