Lavxias teb sab processor. Processors Lavxias teb sab ntau lawm

Lub developers ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation tau pib los tsim lawv tus kheej Microprocessors, uas yog xam tau tias yog heev sib tw nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau cov khoom uas siv los ntawm hom. Muaj cov twb raws li ntau lawm ua qauv, npaj kom muaj ntau lawm, thiab npaj tsim. Yuav ua li cas Lavxias teb sab processors - tam sim no los yog yav tom ntej - yuav tsum tau txais tshwj xeeb xim?

Lub ntsiab Lavxias teb sab developers ntawm processors

Lavxias teb sab NWS-kev lag luam yog muaj kev koom tsim. Cov qhov tseem technologically advanced ntawm nws feem - yog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub microprocessor, tsim los rau siv nyob rau hauv PCs thiab servers uas feem ntau yog ntaus nqi nrog ib tug IBM-architecture. no kev ua lag luam yog tam sim no yeej ob ntiaj teb no hom - Intel thiab AMD. Sib tw uas nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, lawv yog ob peb heev. Tab sis tsis muaj leej twg ntawm cov no yuav tsum muab los ntawm Lavxias teb sab engineers.

Ntawm cov pheej chips los ntawm Russia, uas tej zaum yuav ua cov neeg sib tw Intel thiab AMD, raws li lam xav processor "Baikal". Nws yog assumed tias lub nti yuav tsum ntsia rau computers uas yog kom lub xeev cov koom haum. Feem ntau tej zaum, ib tug zoo-paub microprocessor vendor uas tsim lub chaw ua hauj lwm thiab npaj rau loj zus tau tej cov nti kuaj - ib lub tuam txhab MCST. Nws ua tej daim nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm "Elbrus" nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau ntawm cov kev hloov kho.

Cia peb xav txog dab tsi nta yog yus muaj los ntev-lub sij hawm thiab active processors nyob rau hauv Russia.

Lub processor rau lub neej yav tom ntej: "Baikal"

Nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj 2014, Lavxias teb sab xov xwm kis tau cov xov xwm: lub Ministry ntawm Trade thiab kev lag luam los siv qhov kev txiav txim rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Microprocessors, uas yuav tsum tau tom qab muab ntsia rau ntawm tus PC muas rau lub xeev xav tau kev pab. Peb yuav tau tham txog tej daim nyob rau hauv lub hom lub npe "Baikal". Yuav ua li cas zoo kawg li tseeb yam ntxwv ntawm no nti? Processor "Baikal" pib los tsim lub tuam txhab 'Baikal Electronics ". Nyiaj txiag pab peb tes num ntawm lub Center "T-Nano", uas tsim lub li "T-Platforms", nrog kev koom tes ntawm "Rosnano". Nyob rau hauv kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub processor tibneeg hu tauj coob li ntsuas-United Corporation. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias lub project tej zaum yuav muab kev koom tes hom xws li Depo Computers, «Aquarius" thiab Kraftway.

Nws yog assumed tias lub processor "Baikal" yuav tsum tau tsim nyob rau hauv ob peb lub versions. Tus thawj yuav tsum tau, raws li ib txhia cov ntaub ntawv, 8-tub ntxhais nti Baikal M, thiab M / S rau PCs thiab servers. Lawv yuav tsum ua raws li nyob rau hauv 28 nm technology, raws li zoo raws li cov tub ntxhais Cortex A57, ua hauj lwm rau 64-ntsis hauv paus. Performance "Baikal" processors yuav nyob ib ncig ntawm 2 GHz. Nws yuav tsum hais tias lub nti yuav tsum tau tshaj Linux. Tom qab ntawd nws yuav tau raug tso tawm 16-core nti. Lawv tsim los ntawm 16 nm technology. Muaj cov ntaub ntawv uas lub Lavxias teb sab processor "Baikal" nyob rau hauv thawj phuv yuav tau ua los ntawm Taiwan tus TSMC.

Hom "Elbrus": Ntsiab lus tseeb

Lwm yam zoo-paub ob nyob rau hauv Russia thiab txawv teb chaws microprocessor hom - "Elbrus". Tej daim nyob rau hauv no hom muaj twb tau muab nyob rau hauv ob peb ntau yam. Muaj yog ib tug dual-core processor "Elbrus". Muaj tej daim nrog 4 los yog txawm 8 cores.

Muaj pov thawj hais tias nyob rau hauv lub nyob ze yav tom ntej PC yuav tsum tau qhia rau lub lag luam raws li nyob rau hauv cov processors. Tam sim no raws li daim "Elbrus" tsim los ntawm computers khiav hauj lwm kuaj ib tug ntau yam ntawm kev hloov kho - phau ntawv sau, khoom qab zib tuav, desktop, servers. Lub ntsiab cov neeg muas zaub ntawm lub PC nyob rau hauv uas lub Lavxias teb sab processor yuav muab ntsia tau rau, tsim los ntawm MCST yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv lug. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj kev cia siab rau kev thov los ntawm kev loj lag luam. Tej daim "Elbrus" yuav khiav nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab operating system rau IBM-architecture PCs - qhov rais, Linux.

Cia peb xav txog, raws li processors "Elbrus" tsim.

Processors "Elbrus": keeb kwm

Tus thawj computer, uas pib nrog cov keeb kwm ntawm lub hom, yog tsim los ntawm Soviet zaum nyob rau hauv lub 70s. Lawv tau los ua tus xam complex "Elbrus-1". Nws twb raws li lub hom TTL daim tawv nyias thiab muaj nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov processors 10 ib tug tag nrho lub peev xwm ntawm 15 megaflops. Yuav kom ib co raws li qhov no yog ib tug tshwj xeeb tshuab: nyob rau hauv particular, tus cai hais txog thaum uas tig mus tua ntawm commands tau siv nyob rau hauv nws. Raws li ib co lus ceeb toom, lub ntiaj teb no tau tsim xws li ib tug computer yog tsis muaj. RAM ntim "Elbrus-1" yog 64 MB - ntau tshaj zoo.

Rau ib tug tshwj xeeb Soviet computer pib los tsim nws tus kheej operating system thiab tus neeg programming lus. Nyob rau hauv 1985, muaj ib tug complex "Elbrus-2" yog ib tug paub cov qauv ntawm cov thawj lub tsheb. Nws twb txawv los ntawm tshiab puag Cheebtsam ntawm chips xws li ECL. Zuag qhia tag nrho kev kawm processor computer system muaj ntau tshaj li 125 megaflops. Lub architecture ntawm lub computer module hauv paus ntsiab lus yog DVR. Complex "Elbrus-2" yus muaj los ntawm ib theem siab ntawm kev ua tau zoo thiab ruaj ntseg ntawm lub lag luam. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias nws twb siv nyob rau ntau lub cov tub rog sib. Tag nrho cov Soviet kev lag luam ua 30 ceg "Elbrus-2".

tsab "Elbrus-3" computer twb manufactured nyob rau hauv 1990. Tiam sis thaum lub sij hawm, vim lub nyuaj nom tswv qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, cov nyiaj pab rau peb tes num twb txiav. Txawm li cas los, twb nyob rau hauv 1992, nws yog tsim los LLP "Moscow lub SPARC-yees Center", tsis ntev renamed lub tuam txhab MCST. Lub tuam txhab pib tsim muaj tshuab, uas tau raws li nyob rau hauv lub ces nrov SPARC technology uas tsim los ntawm Sun Microsystems.

Solutions raws li SPARC

Ua hauj lwm nrog cov ntsiab raws li SPARC, MCST lub tuam txhab tau tsim nws tus kheej cov khoom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug microprocessor. Nyob rau hauv ua ntej lawm versions ntawm nws cov architecture nws twb paub E2k. Tus thawj qauv ntawm lub processor raws li nyob rau hauv nws, hu ua R150, twb tso tawm nyob rau hauv 2001. Txheej txheem technology pom tias cov kev siv ntawm 350 nm technology. Kuv tau ua hauj lwm Lavxias teb sab processor ntawm ib zaus ntawm 150 MHz nyob rau ntawm ib tso zis ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm 150 megaflops.

Nyob rau hauv 2004, muaj ntau ntau haib nti - R500. Nws moos zaus yog 500 MHz. Nws ua raws li ib feem ntawm ib tug high-tech qauv - 130 nm. Nyob rau hauv 2007, lub tuam txhab tau tso tawm ib tug dual-core processor MCST R500S, encompassing lub uas nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm SPARC technology. Nws ua tau zoo yog 1 GFLOPS.

Ib txhij nrog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tej daim raws li nyob rau hauv lub SPARC MCST lub tuam txhab koom nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm lub processor, nws yog raws li nkaus rau nws tus kheej txoj kev loj hlob engineers. Yog li ntawd, los ntawm 2007, nws tau tsim thiab dhau lub xeev cov xeem Lavxias teb sab processor "Elbrus". Nws twb ua nyob rau hauv raws li cov txheej txheem 130 nm thiab ua ntawm ib zaus ntawm 300 MHz. Lub processor twb nruab nrog ib tug hluas tub ntxhais thiab ua rau tus ceev ntawm 4.8 gigaflops. Qhov no nti, raws li zoo raws li tsim rau nws, cim pib ntawm ib tug tag nrho tsev neeg ntawm tej daim, loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub tech, high-kev ua tau zoo kev daws teeb meem. Cia peb kawm lawv.

"Elbrus-S»

Tus thawj serial nti los ntawm MCST - ib tug processor "Elbrus-S», uas nyob rau hauv 2010. Nws twb ua raws li tus txheej txheem ntawm 90 nm. Qhov no nti tau khiav lag luam ntawm ib zaus ntawm 500 MHz thiab xyuas kom meej kev ua tau zoo ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm 8 GFLOPS.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau hais tias ib tug zoo xws li cov kev ua tau zoo yuav ces qhia AMD Athlon 64 nti koomtxoos ntawm ib zaus ntawm 2.2 GHz.

"Elbrus-2s +"

Nyob rau hauv 2011 nws nyob nram qab no hloov kho ntawm lub processor - ib tug nti "Elbrus-2s +". Nws twb ua nyob rau hauv raws li cov architecture ntawm 90 nm, tab sis nws ua tau zoo yog npaum li cas dua - 28 gigaflops. Nws yuav muab sau tseg tias zoo xws li cov indicators yuav mus txog tej daim xws li Intel Core 2 Duo, thiab Intel Core i3. Muaj pov thawj hais tias xws li kev kawm tau tiav ua tsaug rau cov developers hais tias nrog tus processor tub ntxhais 4 ntxiv chips. Qhov no feem nqa tawm cov teeb liab ua. Txawm li cas los, ib tug kos processor coj hom li suav MCST engineers, yus nyob rau hauv siab dhau heev lawm pab tso tawm txheej txheem. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov nram no cov qauv ntawm cov "Elbrus" twb hloov los ntawm lwm txoj kev daws teeb meem.

"Elbrus-4C"

Nyob rau hauv 2014 nws pib lub serial ntau lawm ntawm lub tom ntej no microprocessor masterpiece - "Elbrus-4C." Qhov no nti yog ua los ntawm 65 nm technology. Nws cov tub ntxhais (ntawm lawv, ntsig txog, 4) khiav lag luam ntawm ib zaus ntawm 800 MHz. Txhua yam ntawm lawv yog txawm peem rau nrog 2 MB ntawm cache nco. Nws yog ua tau mus cuag ua kev ua tau zoo ntawm 50 gigaflops. Qhov no yog yuav luag tib yam li, piv txwv li, lub Intel Core i7-975 nti - 53 gigaflops. Lub hwj chim ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab nti - 45 watts. Nyob rau hauv no nam ntawm kev noj haus "Elbrus-4C" processor, raws li cov kws txawj ntseeg tias, ntau yig tshaj tus American txoj kev loj hlob.

Nti nrog 4 cores ntawm lub MCST - ib qho ntawm feem ntau yam. PCs, laptops, servers, khoom qab zib tuav - Hom computers nyob rau hauv uas lub CPU yuav tau teem caij. Ua tau, nyob rau hauv txoj kab ntawm computer systems, uas kuj ua rau cov tuam txhab MCST, muaj cov cav tov nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov xaiv configurations.

"Elbrus-8C"

Lub newest processor los ntawm MCST - muaj 8 cores "Elbrus-8C". Lub nti yog raws li nyob rau hauv ib tug txheej txheem 28 nm, uas yog nqa nws mus rau lub ntiaj teb no tus leading microprocessor designs. Lub cache cim xeeb ntawm cov thib ob rau ntawm cov nti cores "Elbrus-8C" - 4 MB, peb - 16 MB. Lub processor yuav ua hauj lwm nrog ntau standard RAM hom DDR3 1600. Cov kev ua tau ntawm cov nti, raws li ntsuas los ntawm cov lus teb ntawm ib precision - 250 gigaflops. Lub processor 4 muaj ib tug cim xeeb xws li. Rate throughput rau interprocessor cov ntaub ntawv pauv raws - 16 GB / sec. Puav pheej kev kawm nti - 250 gigaflops. Raws li nws hais txog qhov kev kawm ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab ntiaj teb no analogues processor? Nws kuj yuav raug muab sau tseg tias nti yog lub Intel ntxhais i7 4930K ua txog 130-140 gigaflops. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau qhov tseeb "Elbrus" processors yog tshiab motherboards, raws li zoo raws li ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib version ntawm lub OS. Tsis tas li ntawd, tej zaum, lawv yuav tsum tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug multiprocessor computer nti raws li.

Muaj pov thawj hais tias yog 2018 lub tuam txhab yuav tso processors li MCST "Elbrus-16C". Lawv tsim muaj peev xwm - 1 teraflops. Nws kuj yuav tsum hais tias lub txheej txheem chips yuav tsum yog raws li nyob rau hauv tus qauv qhia ntawv ntawm tsawg tshaj li 28 nm.

nti prospects

Raws li kws txawj kwv yees muab los ntawm Lavxias teb sab hom processors? Xyuas ntawm ntau NWS-tshwj xeeb, nws yuav tsum hais tias, zoo siab.

Muaj ntau ntau yog vim li cas. Piv txwv li, muaj ntau yam developers yeej txaus siab uas yog qhov tseeb hais tias lub processor tau raug tsim nyob rau hauv Russia, thiab nyob rau hauv tej yam uas ib tug ntev lub sij hawm nyiaj txiag teeb meem no yog tsis conducive mus rau lub active kev loj hlob ntawm lub NWS-kev lag luam nyob rau hauv xws li high-tech thiab high-end ya. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev ua tau zoo kev luj xyuas ntawm processors kuj feem ntau zoo.

Muaj ib co lus los ntawm cov kws txawj uas nrog lub lag luam zeem muag rau lub chips. Kom lawv muaj txiaj ntsim, peb yuav tsum tau loj kev lag luam, uas yog nyob los ntawm cov thawj coj ntiaj teb. Yuav kom sib tw nrog lawv, kws txawj hais tias, yuav tsis yooj yim.

Txawm li cas los, raws li ib txhia kws tshuaj ntsuam, cov processors "Elbrus" tej zaum yuav zoo tau ib tug zaum lwm txoj kev daws teeb meem los ntawm Intel thiab AMD nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov tub rog cov khoom siv, nyob rau hauv uas lub developers muab rau pem hauv ntej lub feem ntau stringent uas yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub nam muaj kev cia siab ntawm hluav taws xob Cheebtsam thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lawv cov kev siv. Tuam txhab MCST, kws txawj hais tias, nws muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm kom kev ruaj ntseg ntawm nws cov processors raws li yuav tsum tau.

OS "Elbrus"

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg uas tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov computer systems ntawm cov MCST khiav ntawm lub processor "Elbrus", nyias muaj nyias kev khiav hauj lwm qhov system tsim. Nws lub hauv paus yog tus Linux ntsiav nyob rau hauv version 2.6.33, txawm li cas los, raug rau sib sib zog nqus siv ua. Cov no ib tug khiav "Elbrus", tsiag ntawv los ntawm theem siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev ruaj ntseg thiab stability nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab operating system tau kev koom tes cov kws tshwj xeeb ntawm INEUM lawv. I. S. Bruka.