Peev Xwm "747", sab hauv tswvyim, qhov zoo tshaj plaws qhov chaw

Ua ntej lub advent ntawm lub lag luam nyob sab Europe giant "A-380", lub biggest aircraft nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no yog tus "747" muaj peev xwm hais tias salon, yuav tsum tau pes tsawg, 2-neeg nrog caij decks, cas rau ntau tshaj 500 cov neeg. Ib yam li lwm tuam txhab uas muag dav hlau, lub nkoj underwent ob peb modifications, tab sis lub ntsiab qhov txawv yog tsis tau hloov. Dav hlau muaj 2 decks, thawj qhov ntswg, 4 xyaw, thiab qhov loj tshaj plaws muaj peev xwm ntawm coob uas xam nrog.

Lub dav hlau yog cov thawj widebody airliner, uas tau npaj tsuas yog rau cov freight. Nws pib tsim ib lub xyoo tom qab pib ntawm ntau lawm version ntawm lub 737, uas ua nyob rau hauv ib tug fundamentally tshiab aircraft ua tsis tau tejyam. Txawm li cas los, qhov no yog tsis yuav tsum tau. Cov tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no yog saib txoj kev loj hlob ntawm supersonic aircraft, li ntawd, lub "747" tau txhua sij hawm ntawm seem cargo plane. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov cargo version ntawm lub cockpit rau lub thib ob pem teb. Nws yog Ameslikas los tawm hauv lub thib ob lawj rau neeg caij tsheb, thaum lub sij hawm thawj pem teb twb muab nkaus nyob rau hauv lub load compartment. Plaub engine dav hlau kuj tau txais rau ntau dua muaj peev xwm.

thawj flights

Txawm tias cov nyiaj txiag teeb meem, cov thawj wide-lub cev airliner ya mus nyob rau hauv 1970. Raws li lub dav hlau yog ib tug neeg nrog caij, lub sab sauv lawj yog cov kev pab cuam, thiab tag nrho cov coob uas xam nrog tau muab tso rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntau mus rau lwm cov aircraft. Peev Xwm "747" ntawm cov thawj qauv yog tsuas 200 tus neeg, tab sis yog hais tias peb los sib piv nrog rau cov 737-th qauv, tso tawm nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo thiab muab rau board 100 cov neeg, nws puv tawm ob zaug qhov txawv.

Active paj nyob rau hauv lub tshiab liner yog ho ceg tawv txoj hauj lwm "Concord" - European supersonic aircraft: Muaj ntau muaj tau kho lawv kev txiav txim thiab lub phiaj los nqis tes "747" pib loj hlob sai heev. Nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm cov thawj aircraft pib lawm ob peb kho. Tus thawj tug yog tsim rau cov Japanese cab kuj, qhov kev txiav txim yog nyob rau hauv lub luv luv-ntau aircraft. Lo lus teb rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub Japanese steel version 747-100SR. Qhov no version muaj ib tug paub fuselage, me tso tsheb hlau luam, uas lub aircraft muaj peev xwm muaj ntau zog considerably. "Boeing 747-100SR» twb tau mus noj nyob rau hauv lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib 500, thiab ces 550 tus neeg. Tom qab ntawd, cov tib hloov - aircraft ya rau ze ntau yam, yuav tau txais thiab kev loj hlob 747-300.

lwm yam kev hloov kho

Dua li ntawm qhov loj hlob txiav txim rau tus neeg nrog caij version, "Boeing" tsis tawm hauv lub thawj lub hom phiaj rau zus tau tej cov coj mus muag aircraft. Yog li ntawd, yog cov nram qab no hloov: F - cargo version, M - combi, muaj lub sij hawm mus rau noj tsawg coob uas xam nrog, tab sis ntau hnab nqa taug kev nyob rau hauv - paub chassis (rau cov thawj version) thiab tso tsheb hlau luam (tom qab). Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ob tug classic "board №1» rau lub carriage ntawm lub US tus thawj tswj hwm tau sau rau lub hauv paus ntawm 747-200.

Kev hloov kho 200 tau txais kev pab raws li ib tsab rau cov tiam tom ntej - 300 tus, qhov txawv tsuas uas yog yuav muaj cov peb xyaw es tsis txhob ntawm tus txheej txheem plaub. Tab sis qhov kev txiav txim tsis mus ntxiv - "Boeing 747-300" tau ua ib hom tshuaj tshiab liner.

"Boeing 747-300"

Ib tug ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus tshiab aircraft tau ua ib tug ncaj qha staircase mus rau lub thib ob pem teb (hu ua siv kauv), ncua sab sauv lawj, tsim los rau kev khwv nyiaj txiag los yog ua lag ua luam hauv chav kawm ntawv, thiab nrog rau cov muaj peev xwm sib txawv rau tus xov tooj ntawm rooj. Peev Xwm "Boeing 747-300" yog hom twg los ntawm 400 (lub lag luam ntawm peb cov chav kawm ntawv) mus txog 600 cov neeg thaum tsuas yog ib chav kawm ntawv ntawm qhov kev pab no siv.

Tus thawj 300-th "Boeing" ya mus nyob rau hauv 1980 thiab sai sai los ua ib qho ntawm feem nquag siv. Ua ntej yuav 2005 (thawj nqa mus-off "A-380"), qhov no kev hloov kho mas suav hais tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws qauv ntawm lub ntsiab long-liner, tab sis nws tsom teeb meem loj drawbacks.

kev khiav hauj lwm cov teeb meem

Nrog rau qhov kev nce rau hauv tus naj npawb ntawm coob uas xam nrog muaj teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub lag luam. Qhov loj tshaj plaws "747", lub peev xwm uas tau zus sai heev, tsis sib haum mus rau qhov tsis muaj lub tshav dav hlau. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, plaub cav aircraft tiv thaiv peb cov neeg sib tw rau ib tug DC-10 meant ib tug loj kev noj roj. Thiab nrog qhov pib ntawm lub ntsoog nyob rau hauv 1970, tuam txhab uas muag tsis kam mus ua hauj lwm nrog cov 747-th qauv, vim nws unprofitability. Yog hais tias peb nco qab tias nyob rau hauv tib lub sij hawm mus rau hauv kev ua lag luam, "767" thiab "Airbus-300" (ob leeg nrog ob xyaw), yuav luag tam sim ntawd ntes cov lag luam dav-bodied aircraft, lub 747 th los ua mus coj lawv txoj haujlwm. Txawm tias lub peev xwm ntawm cov aircraft "Boeing 747" yog tseem yog ib qho ntawm cov loj tshaj airlines xub pib los txhim no version nyob rau hauv lub cargo version, thiab tom qab tsuas muag.

Aircraft ntev-log flights

Thiab tej zaum lwm lub dav hlau thiab yuav tau ncaim mus nyob rau hauv keeb kwm, tab sis nws yog ib txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm coob uas xam nrog tso cai rau nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv lub Cov Qib ntawm aircraft qhab-nees "747". Lub peev xwm ntawm cov liner coob uas xam nrog them tus xav tau UK thiab teb chaws Nyiv Pooj, tsis hais qhov tseeb hais tias xws aircraft yuav siv tau rau ntev-log intercontinental flights los yog thaum muaj kev kub load kab.

Lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm 747-th qauv

Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm aviation, ntau muaj muaj ib tug xav nyob rau hauv lub possibilities ntawm ntev flights tsis refuelling, nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas uas cov developers dua ib zaug coj mus rau ntawm "747". Peev Xwm ntawm coob uas xam nrog nyob rau hauv lub tshiab versions mus txog 800 cov neeg. sib ntaus ntau yam raws li cov kev cai yav tas los muab los ntawm lub 747-400 qauv. Tab sis sai sai no lub dav hlau 747-500 thiab 747-600 tej yaam num mus rau lub archive. Muaj zoo li tshiab aircraft es kho kom zoo dua ib tug ib tug laus. Cuaj kaum, nyob rau hauv 747th developers tsis txhob hnov qab: nws zoo-tuned, kaw, dua zoo-tuned. Qhov no txuas ntxiv mus kom txog rau thaum 2005. Thaum kawg, tom qab "787", lub Corporation tshaj tawm rov qab los ntawm cov qauv "747". Tus tshiab tshuab tau txais cov code npe "Lub Boeing 747-8", los yog Advanced.

Carriers, kev coj tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub siab lub dubious kev vam meej ntawm cov thawj versions ntawm lub 747, chiv kom 109 lub tsheb - ib tug thib peb ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv lub neeg nrog caij sau npe. Lwm tus yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub cargo embodiment. Tag nrho cov 121 tshuab yog pom tau hais rau hnub tim. Peev Xwm "Boeing 747-8" tsis stunning - 581 cov neeg siv cov 2 cov chav kawm ntawm kev pab cuam. Thaum uas siv cov peb cov chav kawm ntawv ntawm cov kev pab (nrog rau qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov thawj class) rooj yog txo kom txog 400.

Sab saum toj qhov chaw

Cov tsab xov xwm qhia tau hais tias ib tug raug peb-class layout rau ib tug dav hlau menyuam "Lufthansa" (lub teb chaws Yelemees). Lub liner muaj ob peb qhov chaw thawj chav kawm ntawv - nyob rau hauv av pem teb nyob rau hauv lub cockpit, nrog 80 rooj zaum nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam hauv chav kawm ntawv thiab ze li ntawm 300 cov rooj zaum nyob rau hauv kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Tag nrho cov muaj peev xwm ntawm "Boeing 747-8" nyob rau hauv no arrangement yog 386 rooj.

Thaum tus thawj chav kawm ntawv ntawm kev tsis txaus siab yog tsis - rau coob uas xam nrog kom ntau ntawm qhov chaw, lawv muaj lub peev xwm los zoo tog, txhua lub rooj yog rau koj tus kheej screen. Ntxiv txheej txheem pem hauv ntej outputs, cupboards thiab nyob moog. rau thawj kab ntawm cov rooj zaum nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam hauv chav kawm ntawv thiab txawm hais tias khab seeb, tab sis khiav mus rau hauv lub muab faib, rau cov uas muaj chaw thiab ib chav ua noj uas muaj peev xwm tsim ib co yooj yim. Armchairs 9C thiab 9H yog nyob ze sib thooj mus rau lub aisle thiab chaw. Tej inconveniences yuav tsum thiab coob uas xam nrog 81 th thiab 88 th series (lub thib ob pem teb, lub npe thiab lub xeem series). Kaum kab coob uas xam nrog yuav muaj tag nrho cov davhlau mus saib cov kev faib nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws, uas, ntawm chav kawm, kuj tsis xis nyob. Ua lag ua luam hauv chav kawm ntawv yog rau 6 tus neeg nyob rau hauv ib tug kab, thaum lawv sib qhia ob dhau mus.

Pheej Yig pib nrog ib tug xov tooj ntawm kab 16 thiab 18. thib kaum series muaj tsuas 6 rooj zaum. Muab hais tias yog tsis muaj neeg nrog caij nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lawv, rau cov neeg uas nyob ntawm no series yog chaw seem txaus thiab lawv ua tsis raug mus nrhiav koj tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib cuab tsim unfolded lub rooj zaum zaum nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm ib tug txiv neej. Tib yam siv rau hauv nruab nrab seem nyob rau hauv lub 18th uake. Thib nees nkaum tus xov tooj yog nyob rau tom ntej mus rau ib qho xwm txheej ceev tawm - qhov no piav txog cov tsis muaj qhov rais. Coob uas xam nrog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab seem ntawm no series yog tsis muaj peev xwm mus coj ib tug kab rov tav txoj hauj lwm, raws li yog lub rear phab ntsa ntawm lub chaw. 21-22-th kab ntawm repeating arrangement ntawm kab suav 16-18, tshwj tsis yog tias nyob rau hauv lub 21 th kab ntawm tag nrho plaub cov rooj zaum, tsis fenced tawm los ntawm tus so. Muaj kuj yog kom ntau chav rau ob txhais ceg, tsuas drawback: ib tug xov tooj ntawm thaum muaj xwm ceev nyob. Qhov nruab nrab seem, namely 32 thiab 33th kab yog lub rear phab ntsa, yog li yuav tsis yuav tau mus so kom txaus thiab dag down. Tag nrho cov rooj ntawm lub 34 th series muaj nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub muab faib, vim hais tias ntawm yog dab tsi tej zaum yuav ib tug me me qhov chaw. 45-47-th kab yog nyob rau hauv tus Tsov tus tw ntawm lub dav hlau, yog li muaj tej zaum yuav me. Qhov tseem tsis muaj hmoo yog ua tau rau lub npe 49 th kab, raws li cov disadvantages hais ua ntej lawm, tag nrho tam sim no nyob rau hauv no sector.

xaus

Peev Xwm "747" txawj tej yam ntxiv ntawm version rau version, tab sis, raws li cov muaj thiab ncaj cov neeg siv ntawm tus aircraft, txawm hais tias nws yuav tsum tau ib tug ntau ntawm cov roj, tab sis nyob rau transcontinental flights kev txaus cai. Loj kabke yuav ua raws li tus menyuam British Airways, tau yuav thaum lub sij hawm lub American ntsoog ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws "747" muaj ib tug muaj peev xwm ntawm mus txog 500 cov neeg. Tus xov tooj ntawm no hauv chav kawm ntawv ntawm cov tshuab nyob rau hauv lub tuam txhab fleet tam sim no sawv ntawm 57 units.