Pedology - yog to taub txog lub tswvyim ntawm ...

Pedology - yog ib tug science, combining le caag ntawm cov tshuaj, biology, pedagogy thiab psycho-hom kev kawm rau cov kev loj hlob ntawm tus me nyuam. Txawm tias lub sij hawm no outdated thiab tau nrhiav cov hom ntawm tus me nyuam psychology, universal pedological txoj kev attracting xim tsis tau tsuas yog zaum, tab sis kuj mus rau cov neeg sab nraum ntawm lub scientific ntiaj teb no.

zaj dabneeg

Pedology keeb kwm pib nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob nyob rau hauv lub lig 19th caug xyoo. Nws tshwm sim lom zem ntau pab mus rau lub intensive kev loj hlob ntawm thov ceg ntawm kev sim pedagogy thiab psychology. Ob peb ua ke ntawm le caag tib anatomical-physiological thiab lom tshwm sim nyob rau hauv paedology mechanically. Ntau precisely, nws twb dictated los ntawm ib tug complex, kev txoj kev tshawb no ntawm kev puas hlwb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov me nyuam thiab lawv tus cwj pwm.

Lub sij hawm "pedology" twb qhia los ntawm lub American paub txog-soj ntsuam Krismanom Oscar nyob rau hauv 1853. Cov Greek txhais yog raws li "qhov kev kawm ntawm cov me nyuam" (Pedos - tus me nyuam, logos - science, kawm).

headwaters

Tus thawj hauj lwm nyob rau pedology tau sau los ntawm American psychologists GS Hall, J .. Baldwin thiab physiologist W. Preyer. Lawv sawv ntawm lub hauv paus pib ntawm kev loj hlob psychology thiab sau ib tug lossis loj lub khw ntawm empirical cov ntaub ntawv rau txoj kev loj hlob thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm cov me nyuam. Lawv tej hauj lwm yog revolutionary nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev thiab lub hauv paus ntawm tus me nyuam thiab kev loj hlob psychology.

Nyob rau hauv Russia

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 20th xyoo pua, ib tug tshiab kev tam sim no penetrated rau hauv Russia (ces tus USSR) thiab tau txais ib tug tsim nyog sequel nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm hlwb thiab reflexology VM Spondylitis, kev puas siab ntsws AP Nechayev, physiologist E. Moymana pathologists thiab GI Rossolimo. Txhua yam ntawm lawv los ntawm virtue ntawm lawv txoj hauj lwm twb sim los piav thiab npaj cov kev cai ntawm tus me nyuam txoj kev loj hlob thiab txoj kev nws kho.

Pedology nyob rau hauv Russia tau cov tswv yim tau: qhib pedological tsev thiab "Cov me nyuam lub tsev" (Moscow), ib tug xov tooj ntawm tshwj xeeb cov hoob. Cov tsev kawm ntawv ua puas siab puas ntsws los soj ntsuam, cov kev tshwm sim ntawm uas cov chav kawm ntawv ntawm cov khoom no tshwm sim. Txoj kev tshawb no ntawm tus me nyuam psychology tau kev cob cog rua leading psychologists, physiologists, cov kws kho mob thiab cov xib fwb ntawm lub teb chaws. Tag nrho cov no yog ua li cas rau aim ntawm ib tug kev tshawb no ntawm tus me nyuam txoj kev loj hlob. Txawm li cas los, xws li ib tug yooj yim ua hauj lwm tsis heev pov thawj cov txhais tau tias.

Los ntawm 20 th xyoo nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab pedology - qhov no loj heev scientific zog, tab sis tsis yog ib tug complex science. Lub ntsiab lub chaw khuam siab rau cov synthesis ntawm txoj kev paub ntawm tus me nyuam yog cov tsis muaj ib yam ua ntej tsom xam ntawm txoj kev ntawm science, ua li no complex.

uas tsis

Lub ntsiab yuam kev ntawm cov Soviet pedologists xam tau tias yog ib tug underestimation ntawm lub luag hauj lwm ntawm roj ntsha yam nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov me nyuam thiab lawv cov cawv nyob rau hauv shaping tus personalities ntawm cov kev sib raug ib puag ncig. Nyob rau hauv ib tug tswv yim nam mus rau lub scientific blunders xws li cov spelling thiab kev siv cov txawj ntse kev ntsuam xyuas.

Nyob rau hauv lub 30s tag nrho cov tsis xws luag tau maj kho thiab cov Soviet pedology pib ntawm ib tug ntau kaj siab lug thiab muaj nuj nqis txoj kev. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv 1936 nws los ua ib tug "pseudo-science", objectionable nom tswv system. Lub revolutionary thwmsim daim ntau quav tso, pedological lab kaw. Xeem yog lub ntsiab txoj kev pedological, nws yog lam tau lam ua nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawv xyaum. Txij li thaum cov ntsiab lus ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov me nyuam muab tawm yuav tsum tau ntse nruab siab pov thawj, dawb thiab "lwj" intelligentsia, es ntawm lub proletariat. Thiab nws tsis yog sib xws nrog lub tog ideology. Yog li ntawd kev tu me nyuam xa rov qab mus rau lub txwm cov ntaub ntawv, uas coj mus rau stagnation nyob rau hauv cov kev kawm system.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm pedology

Kev loj hlob ntawm pedology nyob rau hauv Russia yielded ib co tau, nws twb tsim lub yooj yim scientific hauv paus ntsiab lus:

• Pedology - ib tug holistic paub txog tus me nyuam. Los ntawm no txoj hauj lwm, nws yog suav tias yog tsis "piecemeal", thiab nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm raws li lub creation ntawm lom, kev sib raug zoo, puas siab puas ntsws, thiab lwm yam Tag nrho cov yam ntawm nws txoj kev tshawb no yog ua ke thiab intertwined nrog txhua lwm yam. Tab sis qhov no yog tsis yog ib tug jumble ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab muab tso ua ke uas yog theoretical tshuab thiab txoj kev.
• Lwm landmark yog tus pedologists genetic ntsiab cai. Nws yog kev koom kawm kev puas siab ntsws LS Vygotsky. Nyob rau hauv qhov piv txwv ntawm cov me nyuam txoj kev egocentric hais lus ( "hais lus rho tawm suab"), nws muaj pov thawj hais tias sophomoric los yog "muttering nyob rau hauv nws ua tsis taus pa," yog tus thawj theem ntawm internal hais lus los yog tib neeg xav. Caj ntsiab cai qha loj heev ntawm lub phenomenon.
• Qhov thib peb hauv paus ntsiab lus - txoj kev tshawb no ntawm thaum yau - ua pov thawj tias cov kev sib raug ib puag ncig thiab lub neej zoo heev cuam tshuam qhov puas siab puas ntsws txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus me nyuam thiab anthropomorphic. Yog li ntawd, tsis saib xyuas los yog nruj ntawm cov kev kawm ntawv, noj tsis txaus cuam tshuam rau kev puas hlwb thiab muaj sia noj qab haus huv ntawm tus me nyuam.
• Qhov thib plaub kuj yog lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm pedology - txoj kev hloov los ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ntawm tus me nyuam kawm tau hloov nws. Nyob rau hauv no kev twb kev txuas nws tau tsim pedological kev sib tham, kev sib tham nrog cov niam txiv, puas siab puas ntsws mob ntawm cov me nyuam.

Pedology - ib tug complex science, ces nws cov hauv paus ntsiab lus yog raws li nyob rau hauv ib tug kev tshawb no ntawm tus me nyuam. Psychology thiab pedology ntev lawm tias nrog txhua lwm yam, lub thib ob tso zis ntawm cov thawj lub sij hawm. Yog li ntawd, tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv pedology tseem ua hauj lwm pab lub hlwb nam.

Txij li thaum lub 50s lub tswv yim ntawm cov pedology pib rov qab mus rau lub pedagogy thiab psychology. Thiab 20 xyoo tom qab nws pib ib yam kev kawm ua hauj lwm siv lub xeem rau kev txawj ntse loj hlob ntawm cov me nyuam.