Parasites yog ib tug tsim los yog ntawm cov neeg? faib tawm cab

Peb ntiaj chaw yog inhabited los ntawm cov neeg, tsiaj txhu, nws ntoo, tshuaj ntsuab, nceb. Tab sis nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus pab cov kab mob, muaj teeb meem, xws li cab. Yog vim li cas nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub lawv muaj teeb meem, thaum lwm tus neeg tau txais kev pab? Parasites yuav muaj tshwm sim, dab tsi yog lawv faib? Nyeem qhov tsab xov xwm.

producers

Hauv plawv ntawm txhua ecosystem nyob thiab uas tsis yog-muaj sia nyob. Qhov kawg no yog hu ua abiotic yam. Tej biotic qauv tau tsis ua - nyob beings, muaj peev xwm ntawm cov organic tshuaj, siv inorganic. Cov no muaj xws tsob nroj photosynthesis txheej txheem uas yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm lub teeb lub zog. Nroj tsuag siv cov pa roj carbon, dej, thiab tej yam minerals thaum raug chlorophyll muaj peev xwm ntawm synthesizing organic teeb meem.

consuments

Yog muaj tus kab mob uas pub nyob rau hauv cov organic teeb meem npaj. Cov no muaj xws tsiaj, tib neeg, ib co kab mob, cov nroj tsuag. Thiab cov cab yog dab tsi? Raws li txoj kev ntawm lub neej, lawv yog los ntawm cov kev pab. Thiab lawv tuaj nyob rau hauv ntau hom.

• Lub hom los yog thawj kev txiav txim. Cov no muaj xws tsiaj, khoom noj khoom haus uas yog nroj tsuag.
• Secondary los yog thib ob thiab tom ntej kev txiav txim. Lawv pub rau cov tsiaj cov zaub mov, tab sis lawv cov khoom noj muaj thiab zaub kab, piv txwv li, cov thawj tau txais kev pab. Qhov no txhais tau tias cov cab mus rau nws. Konsumentami thiab cov tsiaj haus organic tshuaj. Feem ntau ntawm cov zog uas lawv tau txais los ntawm noj cov nroj tsuag. Qhov no yog qhov pib ntawm lub zuag qhia tag nrho cov zaub mov saw. Txhom pub rau cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub herbivorous tsiaj, thiab carnivorous tsis muaj zog. Parasites muaj nyob rau cov nuj nqis ntawm lwm yam kab mob, thiab lawv, nyob rau hauv lem, siv sverhparazity. Los ntawm no, nws hais ntxiv hais tias lub cab yog tau txais kev pab. Cov kab mob decomposers-finish khoom noj khoom haus saw, es ua organic teeb meem nyob rau hauv cov mineral lub xeev. Zog txaus thaum maj loses nws zog.

decomposers

Qhov no tej pab pawg neeg ntawm microbes thiab fungi uas ua kom puas rau hauv cov seem uas twb tuag lawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu, transforming lawv mus rau hauv dej thiab carbon dioxide. Yog li, lub cab yog kab mob uas ua kom tiav lub voj voog thiab xa rov qab puas khoom rov qab rau hauv lub chaw, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub tshiab lub xeev. Li ntawd, yog lub tsim ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus saw, uas yog los ntawm producers tau txais kev pab thiab decomposers.

Parasites yog decomposers, raws li lawv yog tag nrho raws li lawv piav qhia thiab txoj kev ntawm lub neej. Tag nrho cov Cheebtsam ntawm cov zaub mov saw yog zoo interconnected. Lawv sib tham zoo: ib co nqus ntau yam tshuaj, thiab lwm tus neeg ntawm lawv cov kev tso cai. Pa thiab organic tshuaj tsim producers thiab pub lawv consuments thiab tsis taus pa thiab decomposers.

heterotrophs

Qhov no kab yog tsis muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm synthesizing organic teeb meem los ntawm inorganic. Yog li ntawd, lwm yam kab mob ua nws, thiab heterotrophic tsuas tau tawm ntawm txee. Heterotrophs nyob rau hauv lub zej lub zos - ib tug txawv kev txiav txim tau txais kev pab thiab decomposers. Parasites yog heterotrophs, uas yog tseem: cov neeg thiab cov tsiaj, nroj tsuag thiab fungi, yog tsis muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm photosynthetic microorganisms. Ib txhia-heterotrophic nroj tsuag, chlorophyll yog tsis tuaj kiag li. Cov muaj xws li cov Rafflesia thiab broomrape, thiab ib co tau muab khaws cia tseg ib co ntawm nws. Piv txwv li, lub dodder.

cab nroj tsuag

Yuav ua li cas yog lawv nyiam? Cov nroj tsuag, cab xws li cov uas tau poob lub peev xwm rau nws tus kheej-tsim ntawm organic tebchaw, i.e. rau tus txheej txheem ntawm photosynthesis. Lawv tsis tsim tshuaj muaj zog rau nws lub hwj chim thiab nqus kua ntoo los ntawm tus tswv tsev cog, thiab cov uas pub rau. Yuav kom ciaj sia, cab muab lawv tus kheej rau cov hauv paus hniav thiab stems ntawm cultivated thiab cov tsiaj qus nroj tsuag. Poob as-ham, party nroj tsuag heev tsis muaj zog txaus thiab muaj peev xwm tsis tsim feem ntau sib xws. Pib lag qab nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob thiab stunted. Thaum cov nroj tsuag, txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis siav.

Cov nroj tsuag yog cab dodder ib co hom, xws li clover thiab alfalfa. Cov nroj yog tsis muaj chlorophyll thiab cov hauv paus hniav. Lawv yog cov nrog lawv ntev, saj zawg zog stems kiag li puag khawm tus tswv tsev nroj tsuag thiab nkag nws. Qia parasites, uas muaj xws li dodder nqus cov kua txiv kom txog thaum txog thaum tag issushat nroj tsuag. Muaj cov hauv paus hniav parasites, uas muaj xws li broomrape. Nws noj cov hauv paus hniav ntawm paj noob hlis, soob, haus luam yeeb, cannabis.

Tsob nroj semiparasites

Lawv cov pluas noj yog tseem as-ham lub party cog cab uas muab lawv tus kheej mus rau lub keeb kwm los yog stems. Tab sis semiparasites muaj lub peev xwm mus photosynthesize. Thiab tsis tau, yog hais tias tus tswv tsev cog tuag, maj-semiparasites nyob mus rau nws ib leeg. Ib qho piv txwv yog lub mistletoe, uas muaj chlorophyll, thiab nws muaj lub peev xwm ntawm photosynthesis. Ib co ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus nws ua poluparazit ntawm nws tus kheej floating sib sib zog nqus ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub party cog suckers.

Mistletoe muaj ntau ntau ntau yam, thiab yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog cov cab rau ntoo. Thiab lub mistletoe ntawm tib hom kab nyob ntsiag to nyob rau txawv ntoo. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov xwm muaj subtypes, uas yog yoog mus rau tej yam ib hom ntawm tsob ntoo. Piv txwv li, yog hais tias tus mistletoe sprout ntoo thuv lodge rau txiv moj coos thiab pib ua kom puas nws, tus tswv tsev ntawm woven ntoo omertveyut thiab mistletoe tuag.

nceb cab

Lawv nyob rau hauv cov xwm, muaj ob txhiab hom. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ciaj sia, nceb, cab siv pub. Lawv yog cov kab, tsiaj txhu, ntses thiab cov nroj tsuag. Qhov chaw ntawm kev sib hais haum ntawm fungi tej zaum yuav tuag ntoo, tsiaj txhu, los yog poob nplooj. Rau fungi, cab xws li rusts, smut, ergot. Lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam qos, nplej, oats thiab lwm yam nroj tsuag. Qhov no ua rau sab loo.

Rau fungi, cab xws li Aspergillus thiab Cordyceps, ib qhov chaw ntawm kev sib hais haum uas yog cov kab. Tus kab mob muv mycelium pwm Aspergillus hlob sai sai. Qhov no ua rau txheej chitinous cover kab dawb plhaub. Bee tuag. Raws li rau lub pwm Cordyceps, li ntawd nws thiaj ua twb zoo: settles hauv ib tug kab ntsig, nws pub tau mov rau nws entrails thiab hlob sab nrauv. Thaum uas tshwm sim, lub kab ntsig tuag. Cov teeb meem feem ntau yog cov kev kwv yees ntawm amanita thiab pholiota.

faib tawm cab

Nws yog raws li nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev. Xav txog tej ntawm lawv. Yeej cab yog:

• Internal hauv hauv tus tswv tsev kab.
• Sab nraud nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tus tswv tsev lub cev.

By lub sij hawm ntawm cab thaum lub sij hawm txoj kev loj hlob:

• Qhov - muaj teeb meem los tshaj ib tug lub neej. Piv txwv li, nws yog trichomonas.
• Periodic - manifest cais sij hawm. Piv txwv li, flatworms.
• Luv-lub sij hawm - ib los yog ntau tshaj lub sij hawm fim rau ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm nrog tus tswv tsev. Nws yuav yog dev mub, leeches, bedbugs, yoov tshaj cum.

Nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog tus tswv ntawm lub cab:

• Txawm li cas los - tus txheej txheem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob muaj peev xwm tsis tau ua kom tiav tsis muaj ib tug intermediary.
• Tus kwv tij - cab ntawm ib tug tej theem ntawm kev loj hlob thiab lub neej.