Pancreatic cov tshuaj hormones - lom tseem ceeb.

pancreatic muaj nuj nqi. Endocrine muaj nuj nqi ntawm lub pancreas yog tshwm sim los ntawm tshwj xeeb hlwb ntawm lub islets ntawm Langerhans - α-, β-, D- thiab F-hom. Lub hlwb ntawm txhua tus ntawm cov paim tej cov tshuaj hormones Islet β-hlwb tsim insulin, α-hlwb - glucagon, D-hlwb - somatostatin, secretin thiab pankreogastrin, F-cell lawm zoo li tshuaj yog tsim (thiab lipokain vagotonin). Yog li ntawd, ib tug tseem ceeb khoom hauv nrog cev uas yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cov kev cai ntawm metabolic dab, yog tus txiav. Cov tshuaj hormones, tsim no caj pas cuam tshuam tag nrho cov hom ntawm cov metabolism hauv nyob rau hauv lub cev. Insulin qhib LV Sobolєv nyob rau hauv 1902. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-xyoo pua puv 19 tsim los pab cov hormone qauv thiab nws cov synthesis yog ua.

Pancreatic cov tshuaj hormones: insulin. Lub hom phaj ntawm free insulin yog mob hlwb, nqaij thiab connective cov ntaub so ntswg. Insulin muaj feem xyuam rau tag nrho cov hom ntawm exchanges: protein, carbohydrate, lipid, tab sis nws cov nyhuv rau cov metabolism hauv carbohydrates kawm zoo tshaj plaws. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, insulin tsub kom lub permeability ntawm cell week mus zib thiab li muab nws hloov lwm lub tsev los ntawm cov ntshav mus rau lub ntaub so ntswg. Qhov no lawm activates fosfoglyukotransferazu enzyme (geksozokinazu) thiab yog li muab cov conversion of zib zib 6-phosphate. Qhov kawg ntawm insulin ntxim rau cov carbohydrate metabolism yog kev txo cov ntshav qab zib ntau (hypoglycemia) thiab tsub zuj zuj ntawm glycogen nyob rau hauv cov nqaij, daim siab thiab lwm yam kabmob. Vim lub deficiency ntawm insulin hlwb tsis tau lawv lub peev xwm siv qabzib. Nws npaum li cas nyob rau hauv cov ntshav maj tsub kom (hyperglycemia), thiab nws pib mus rau sawv tawm nyob rau hauv cov zis (glycosuria).

Dhau li insulin tej glucose thauj los ntawm cov ntshav active amino acids, mus rau hauv lub cytoplasm ntawm cov qog hlwb, nws activates transcription thiab txhais lus, ua rau enhanced protein synthesis.

Nyhuv ntawm insulin rau lipid metabolism tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias nws muab siv ntawm carbohydrates rau lub synthesis ntawm ntau dua carboxylic acids, twb tsim triacylglycerols thiab lwm yam lipids. Nyob rau lwm cov tes, insulin cheeb cov ntaub so ntswg lipase, xws li vim inhibition ntawm Camp tsim. Tsis txaus tsim ntawm insulin nyob rau hauv lub cev nrog nce degradation ntawm amino acids, uas thaum kawg ua rau tsub zuj zuj ntawm ammonia thiab urea nyob rau hauv cov ntshav. Qhib lipolysis, ua rau cov ntshav txuam nrog ntawm free fatty acids, ketone lub cev thiab roj uas txhaws taus.

Cov tshuaj hormones ntawm lub pancreas: glucagon. Glucagon lub hom phaj yog mob hlwb, adipose nqaij thiab nqaij, tab sis lub ntsiab yog ib tug lub siab, uas yog tshuab txais nyob rau hauv lub cawv glucagon phosphorylase, uas nyob rau hauv lem activates lub hydrolysis ntawm glycogen. Yog li ntawd, tus nqi ntawm cov glycogen nyob rau hauv lub siab txo thiab nce nyob rau hauv cov ntshav qab zib. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, glucagon tej gluconeogenesis, activates lipolysis ntawm adipose nqaij thiab li tiv thaiv cov kev loj hlob ntawm kev rog. Qhov no yog nrog los ntawm tsim ntawm loj nyiaj ntawm acetyl-CoA thiab ketone lub cev. Txo glucagon secretion nyob rau hauv hyperglycemia thiab tsub kom nrog kev nyuaj siab thiab zog ua hauj lwm.

Cov tshuaj hormones ntawm lub pancreas: somatostatin. Incretion igibiruet active tshuaj insulin thiab glucagon, gastrin thiab xaiv gastrinstimuliruyuschuyu secretion ntawm hydrochloric acid. Kev ua txhaum ntawm lub incretion ntawm insulin, glucagon, thiab somatostatin underlie cov kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntshav qab zib. Tus kab mob no yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug general tsis muaj zog, hyperglycemia, glycosuria, polyuria (txhua hnub ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov zis nce los ntawm 3-5 lub sij hawm), muaj ntshav qab zib cataract, corneal opacity raug kaw.

Cov tshuaj hormones ntawm lub pancreas: lipokain thiab vagotonin. Lipokain - hormone zoo li tshuaj yeeb dej caw uas tiv thaiv fatty siab, nws nkoos oxidation ntawm cov nqaijrog, fatty acids thiab lawv qhov hluav taws xob los ntawm lub siab rau cov ntaub so ntswg, yeej txhawb biosynthesis ntawm phospholipids. Vagotonin nkoos cov kev ua ntawm lub parasympathetic lub paj hlwb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub vagus paj, activates hematopoiesis dab.