Nitrates - yog dab tsi? Nitrates: mis npaj, daim ntawv thov, txiav txim

Ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem ntawm cov khoom noj kom, koj muaj peev xwm xaiv ib tug ya, pom tej yam nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev yam tshuaj xws li nitrates. Lawv ntxim rau peb noj qab haus huv yog tsis meej xwm. Yuav ua li cas tsis nco qab lub zoo-paub qhia ntawm Paracelsus: "Txhua yam yog tshuaj lom thiab txhua yam yog tshuaj; txawm nws tsis tsuas cov tshuaj. " Tseeb, rau kom zoo metabolism yuav tsum tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm TSIS ₃ anions hlwb ^- TSIS MUAJ ₄ ^+. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ib tug dhau heev lawm ntawm tebchaw uas muaj cov ions nyob rau hauv khoom noj khoom haus yog teeb meem rau tib neeg noj qab haus huv. Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm nitric acid ntsev, lawv cov kev npaj, nitrates daim ntawv thov yuav raug xam tias yog nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

nitrates teeb meem no nyob rau hauv lub cais ntawm inorganic tshuaj

Muaj coob tus neeg paub hais tias cov nitric acid ntsev, nkag soluble nyob rau hauv dej - nws yog nitrates. Yuav ua li cas yog nitrate, paub tsis tau txhua leej txhua tus. Nws zoo nkaus li, li ntawd, Science News for KIDS yav tas los hu ua tshwj xeeb tshuaj - nitric acid ntsev. peb yeej tseem hnov lub sij hawm thov kom muaj tshuaj chiv. Lub nitrate nitrate ion txuam nrog poov tshuaj cations, calcium, sodium thiab ammonium. Lawv sawv cev rau nruab nrab ntsev. Nws muab tawm hais tias sodium nitrate, poov tshuaj thiab lwm yam ntsev thaum rhuab decompose, nyob rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov khoom yog nyob ntawm seb uas yog ib feem ntawm lub ntawv ntawm lub molecule. Yog li, nitrates, uas Kano mis ₃ los yog NANO _3, yog thermally decomposed mus rau lub sib nug xov free oxygen thiab nitrite thiab nitrate thaum rhuab ntaub ntawv ib tug magnesium oxide, nitrogen dioxide thiab oxygen.

Tau nitrates

Cov yooj yim txoj kev - ua ntawm tej yam ntuj tso minerals uas muaj nitric acid ntsev. Yog li, Chilean nitrate, uas yog ib tug mineral nitronatrit - ib qho ntawm lub ntsiab qhov chaw ntawm lawv cov tau txais daim ntawv. Nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag, chiv kev lag luam pob zeb uas muaj sodium nitrate, thiab finely pulverized nyob rau hauv fej daim ntawv nkag los ua liaj ua teb ua liaj ua teb raws li ib tug nitrogen chiv. Nws yog siv feem ntau rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm vegetative loj ntawm zaub, grain thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo cov qoob loo, raws li tau zoo raws li kom lawv tsim tau. Lub nitric acid ntsev kuaj npaj kev pauv tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm alkali thiab nitric acid los yog los ntawm reacting lub hlau nrog concentrated HNO _3. Kev siv cov nitrogen chiv, xws li poov tshuaj nitrate, ammonium nitrate, - ib tug prerequisite rau ruaj khov high loo ntawm loj cov qoob loo.

Agronomic tej yam kev mob ntawm nitrogen fertilization (nitrates)

Cov no muaj xws thawj thiab foremost raws li qhia tshuaj rau hauv cov av. Piv txwv li, rau lub ammonium nitrate uas muaj txog li 35% nitrogen, lub pub tus nqi tsis ntau tshaj 25 grams tauj ib square Meter. Calcium nitrate, uas muaj xws li mus txog 15.5% nitrogen yog qhia nyob rau tus nqi ntawm 50 g ib 1 m. Qhia agronomic cai nitric fertilizing nroj tsuag tsis tau tsuas yog ua rau yus av paug thiab txo nws txo nuj nqi, tiam sis kuj yog ib tug txaus ntshai concentration ntawm tebchaw xws li nitrates nyob rau hauv zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Nyob rau qhov no qhov teeb meem peb yuav kub siab rau.

Nitrates tau rau hauv cov nroj tsuag

Cia peb xav txog dab tsi nws txoj kev nkag mus rau cov av nitrates hais tias xws li pre-sowing siab, pib chiv thiab sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws. Nyob rau hauv ua liaj ua teb, lub ntsiab chiv siv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm them xim rau nyob tus yeees ntawm cov av thiab kev nyab xeeb cov yam ntxwv. Lub hom phiaj - los xyuas kom meej qhov nitrogen mov rau cov nroj tsuag thaum lub sij hawm loj hlob rau lub caij.

Thaum siv ib pib txoj kev nitrate thov ncaj qha mus rau lub qhov dej ntawm kab los yog siv nitrates nyob rau hauv tsawg heev koob los "tsis hlawv" taus cov hauv paus hniav yog cog seedlings. Fertilizing yog nqa tawm thaum lub sij hawm feem ntau mob siab heev haum cov as-ham los ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Nws yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm vegetative haiv neeg los yog cov hauv paus hniav noj kev daws teeb meem ntawm nitrates. Cov av substrate ammonium ions los yog nitrate ions yog nkag absorbed los ntawm diffusion thiab cov hauv paus hniav plaub mos mos Sau ntxiv mus rau hauv lub xylem. Nws muaj conductive cog Cheebtsam. Nyob rau hauv gymnosperms tracheids nws, thiab thaum flowering - cov hlab ntsha (lub raj cua). Lub nitrogen atoms yog ib feem ntawm lub nitrates, yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub Calvin voj voog yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj nti theem ntawm photosynthesis, thiab tom qab nyob rau hauv lub tsim amino acids thiab ntxiv rau zaub proteins.

Lub dangerously ntev ntsiab lus ntawm nitric acid ntsev

Yog hais tias lub concentration ntawm cov saum toj no tebchaw tshaj lub tso cai txwv, tej zaum nws yuav txiav txim seb tus ntaus ntawv ntsuas nitrate nyob rau hauv cov khoom. Nws yog muaj lag luam thiab yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau cov tsev neeg, lub luag hauj lwm tus cwj pwm ntawm lawv noj qab haus huv. Kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov tshuaj tau pom hais tias ib tug dhau heev lawm ntawm HNO ₃ ntsev nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv huam yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau nitrite. Lawv ua voos ntawm cov qog ua kua week ntawm lub plab thiab duodenum, symptomatically manifested tshwm sim ntawm dyspepsia thiab khoom noj khoom haus lom. Nws kuj pom hais tias tus tshaj ntsev HNO ₂ phem tso zis ob lub raum, yog li lawv noog nyob rau hauv lub raum parenchyma. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias lub raum lawv tus kheej ua si ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub metabolism thiab feem ntawm cov teeb meem metabolic khoom. Txo lub raum pom muaj nuj nqi yog heev txaus ntshai yam tab kaum uas ua los ntawm lom ntsev ntawm nitric thiab cov pa roj nitrous acids. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, siv cov siab nitrate ntsiab lus cov khoom kuj suffers thiab siab, detoxication yog lwm lub cev. Nws puas tsuaj nitrates fraught nrog loj raug mob kom txog thaum lub degeneration ntawm hepatocytes nyob rau hauv lub adipose cov ntaub so ntswg.

Pa starvation ntawm ntaub so ntswg raws li ib tug rau txim ntawm kev qaug tshuaj lom los ntawm nitrates

As-ham (rog, carbohydrates) yuav tsum muab raws li ib tug cia lub zog qhov chaw thiab yog maj noj los ntawm lub cev. Uas yog vim li cas tus txiv neej yog tau rau 5-7 hnub tsis muaj khoom noj khoom haus. Tab sis cov pa, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau carbohydrates thiab nqaijrog, tswj tsis tau mus tas li nyob rau hauv lub hlwb los yog ntaub so ntswg, yog li hypoxia hauv 5-15 feeb ua rau tuag ntawm lub paj hlwb hlwb ua ntej, thiab ces tag nrho cov ntawm tib neeg lub cev raws li ib tug tag nrho. Lub khees thaum xub thawj siab ib muag txawm nitrates nyob rau hauv txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub, khoom noj siv mis me nyuam mos liab mis yuav ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov pa saw nyob rau hauv lub mitochondria, txhob cuam tshuam txog kev sib txuas lus xim ntawm cov ntshav liab - hemoglobin - ib tug oxygen molecule.

Thiab tiv thaiv tau nws hloov lwm lub tsev rau nruab nrog cev thiab cov nqaij. Yog li ntawd, qhov tshaj concentration nyob rau hauv lub cytosol ntawm hlwb ntawm tebchaw xws li nitrates (formula - Me (TSIS MUAJ ₃₎ N ₁₎ tej zaum yuav ua rau loj sab zog xws physiological systems xws li cov digestive, excretory thiab tshee.

Yuav ua li cas cov khoom tej zaum yuav paug nrog nitric acid ntsev

Feem ntau cov neeg muaj ib tug ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov tshuaj yog txuam nrog zaub los yog txiv hmab txiv ntoo, xws li dib liab, qos yaj ywm, radishes los yog txiv pos nphuab. Tab sis nws hloov tawm hais tias lub paug ntawm cov av thiab dej tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nitrogen chiv, tau muaj nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov kev ua txhaum ntawm lawv cov kev taw qhia, ncaj qha entails ib tug "hauv ntawm nitrates" nyob rau hauv ib tug tsiaj tsiaj. Yog li ntawd, uncontrolled thiab irrational siv nitrates ua rau lawv cov qib high cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tsiaj cov khoom: nqaij, mis nyuj, thiab txawm koj niam. Txau cog zib ntab nroj tsuag (buckwheat, canola) dlaws ntawm nitric acid ntsev li kua chiv ua rau tej co toxins thiab muv khoom.

Yuav ua li cas los mus txiav txim cov ntsiab lus ntawm nitric acid ntsev nyob rau hauv cov khoom

Cia peb kawm saib, yuav ua li cas me ntsis yuav tau kawm txog cov concentration ntawm as tebchaw xws li nitrates. Yuav ua li cas yog nitrate-tester, coj ib tug los ze zog saib. Los xyuas txog cov muaj cov nitric acid ntsev, koj yuav tsum mus raus cov kev sojntsuam mus rau hauv lub twj paj nruag sis plawv hniav dib liab los yog lwm yam khoom. Ntaus muaj ob qhov chaw: zoo thiab tsis zoo. Thiab nitrate nws tus kheej txiav txim seb tus conductivity ntawm lub cell kua ntoo tov. Cov kev tshwm sim tau yog muab piv nrog rau cov kev kuaj cov khoom MPC, thiab ib tug ntaus ntawv rau ntsuas nitrate nyob rau hauv cov khoom no qhia cov kev tshwm sim nrog rau lub ntsev cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv mg / kg. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntshaw yog kev soj ntsuam zaub mov siv nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj ntawm cov tub ntxhais me nyuam, cev xeeb tub thiab lactating cov poj niam, thiab cov neeg uas muaj mob cov kab mob ntawm ob lub raum thiab lub hnyuv ib ntsuj av.

Poison nitric acid ntsev thiab nws cov kev tiv thaiv

Ncov qhia tus neeg mob ntawm intoxication txuam nrog lom ntsev ntawm nitric acid, yog dhau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub caij ntuj no - thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Vim hais tias tshav ntuj zog tshaj, tib neeg lub cev nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv dire xav tau ntawm cov vitamins muaj nyob rau hauv lub tshiab zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv supermarkets tsis huv tsev cog khoom dib, txiv lws suav, ntsim saj seasoning (kav, zaub txhwb qaib, dill) thiab pos nphuab. Agrotechnologies lawv sau qoob muab cov yuav tsum tau daim ntawv thov ntawm tshuaj xws li nitrates. Yuav ua li cas yog mineral chiv thiab lawv tshaj muaj feem xyuam rau tib neeg lub cev, nws twb tau los sib tham ua ntej lawm. Tam sim no peb yuav tsom ntsoov rau cov hom kev kawm ntawm thawj pab uas yuav alleviate tus neeg mob tus mob nrog cov tsos mob ntawm nitrate lom. Cov thawj zaug uas ntxias ntuav nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tshem tawm los ntawm lub plab lom khoom. Ua li no, haus dej haus kom ntau kua siv. Ces, noj tshuaj, chelators thiab mus txuas ntxiv raws li cov dej ntsev regime. Rau txoj tsos mob xws li tsis tshua muaj ntshav siab, tsis nco qab, qaug dab peg tshwm sim los ntawm central lub paj hlwb thiab ob lub raum, yuav tsum urgently hu "tsheb thauj neeg mob."