Nagorno-Karabakh. Lub keeb kwm thiab lub essence ntawm qhov teeb meem

Nagorno-Karabakh nyob rau hauv lub South Caucasus cheeb tsam yog hu ua, yog yam raug cai rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Azerbaijan. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub Soviet cev qhuav dej muaj emerged ib tug tub rog confrontation, raws li Armenian cov hauv paus hniav muaj feem coob ntawm cov neeg nyob nyob rau hauv Nagorno-Karabakh. Lub essence ntawm qhov teeb meem yog hais tias Azerbaijan ua nyob rau hauv no lub teb chaws yog tsim nyog xav tau, tab sis cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam muaj ntau inclined rau Armenia. Tej zaum 12, 1994 Azerbaijan, Armenia thiab Nagorno Karabakh tau ratified raws tu qauv, ib tug ntawv sib yeem lus, raws li ib tug tshwm sim coj mus rau unconditional ceasefire nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem tsam.

Patrimony

Armenian keeb kwm qhov chaw hais tias Artsakh (ancient lub npe) twb xub hais nyob rau hauv VIII xyoo pua BC Yog hais tias peb ntseeg hais tias cov chaw no, cov Nagorno-Karabakh yog ib feem ntawm Armenia nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm thaum ntxov Nrab Hnub nyoog. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, Qaib ntxhw thiab Iran kev tsov kev rog ntawm conquest nyob rau hauv no era ntawm ib tug tseem ceeb ib feem ntawm Armenia tuaj nyob rau hauv cov kev tswj ntawm cov teb chaws. Armenian principalities, los yog principalities, nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm niaj hnub-Karabakh, fwm semi-ywj siab raws li txoj cai.

Kuv taw tes ntawm view, Azerbaijan yuav siv sij hawm nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem no. Raws li hauv zos soj ntsuam ntawm, Karabakh yog ib tug ntawm cov hiob keeb kwm cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws. Lo lus nyob rau hauv Azerbaijani "Karabakh" yog txhais raws li nram no: "gara" txhais tau tias dub thiab "kab" - ib lub vaj teb. Twb tau nyob rau hauv lub XVI xyoo pua, nrog rau lwm yam moo Karabakh yog ib feem ntawm lub Safavid lub xeev, thiab ces los ua ib tug neeg sab nraud khanate.

Nagorno-Karabakh thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws

Nyob rau hauv 1805 lub Karabakh khanate twb subordinated lub Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman, thiab nyob rau hauv 1813 los ntawm cov Treaty ntawm Gulistan nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab tuaj thiab Nagorno-Karabakh. Ces, Turkmenchay daim ntawv cog lus thiab daim ntawv cog lus xaus nyob rau hauv Edirne, ua resettlement ntawm Armenians los ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv thiab Iran, thiab muab lawv nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm sab qaum teb Azerbaijan, xws li Karabakh. Yog li, cov pejxeem ntawm cov pawg neeg thaj av yog dua Armenian keeb kwm.

Raws li ib feem ntawm lub USSR

Nyob rau hauv 1918, tswj Karabakh yog ib tug tshiab khiv tsim pheej ywj pheej ntawm Azerbaijan. Yuav luag ib txhij, neeg pab leg ntaubntawv tiv thaiv cov Armenian koom pheej, tab sis cov no ADRs thov no qhov chaw tsis paub txog. Nyob rau hauv 1921, lub Nagorno-Karabakh chaw uas zoo heev nrog sab autonomy cai muaj nyob rau hauv lub Azerbaijan SSR. Ob xyoos tom qab, nws acquires tus txheej xwm ntawm Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO).

Nyob rau hauv 1988, lub Board of Deputies ntawm lub Nagorny intercession rau cov tub ceev xwm ntawm lub Azerbaijani SSR thiab Armenian SSR republics thiab xav hloov lub disputed territory rau Armenia. Qhov kev thov no yog tsis pom zoo, yog li ntawd lub zos ntawm cov Nagorno-Karabakh AO yoj ntawm tawm tsam. Demonstrations solidarity ua kuj nyob rau hauv Armenia.

tshaj tawm ntawm kev ywj pheej

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj zeeg ntawm 1991, thaum lub Soviet Union tau twb pib mus rau lub caij nplooj zeeg sib nrug nyob rau hauv lub Nagorny Karabakh siv yooj yim Region tau saws lub tshaj tawm, uas hais tias Nagorno-Karabakh koom pheej. Thiab nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus Nagorno-Karabakh nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg nws los ua ib feem ntawm ib ncig ntawm lub qub Azerbaijani SSR. Raws li cov ntsiab ntawm cov tsab ntawv ywj suab nyob rau 10 Hlis ntuj nqeg ntawm lub tib lub xyoo nyob rau hauv Nagorno-Karabakh, ntau tshaj 99% ntawm cov pejxeem pom zoo rau tag nrho cov kev ywj siab los ntawm Azerbaijan.

Nws yog pom tseeb tias cov tub ceev xwm ntawm Azerbaijan no referendum tsis yog tsis paub, thiab cov lus tshaj tawm txog lub ua nws tus kheej qhia raws li raug cai. Ntxiv mus, Baku txiav txim siab los tshem cov kev autonomy ntawm Karabakh, uas nws muaj nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm. Txawm li cas los, cov tug txheej txheem twb raug pib.

Karabakh teeb meem

Rau lub ywj pheej ntawm cov breakaway koom pheej sawv Armenian troops uas tau sim kom tiv thaiv Azerbaijan. Nagorno-Karabakh tau txais kev pab los ntawm nom Yerevan, raws li zoo raws li lub teb chaws diaspora nyob rau hauv lwm lub teb chaws, ces cov tub rog kev tswj los mus tiv thaiv thaj av ntawd. Txawm li cas los, lub Azerbaijani tub ceev xwm tseem muaj kev tswj los mus tsim kom muaj kev tswj dhau ob peb qhov chaw uas tau Ameslikas tshaj tawm hais tias ib feem ntawm NKR.

Txhua lub warring ob tog ua nws stats losses nyob rau hauv lub Karabakh teeb meem. Muab piv rau cov ntaub ntawv no, peb yuav xaus uas peb xyoos showdown tua 15-25 lab tus tib neeg. Cov raug mob raug suav yam tsawg kawg 25,000, ntau tshaj 100 txhiab tus civilians raug yuam kom khiav tawm lawv tej chaw nyob.

thaj yeeb kev sib hais haum

Kev sib khom lus, thaum lub sij hawm uas ob tog tau sim ua kom daws tau qhov teeb meem peacefully, pib yuav luag tam sim ntawd tom qab kev ywj pheej tau tshaj tawm tias NKR. Piv txwv li, Cuaj hlis 23, 1991 lub rooj sib tham, kawm los ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Azerbaijan, Armenia thiab Russia thiab Kazakhstan. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1992 lub OSCE pab pawg neeg yog tsim los pab daws tau qhov Karabakh teeb meem.

Txawm tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws dag zog ntawm lub thoob ntiaj teb lub zej lub zos kom tsis txhob tus bloodshed, ib tug cease-hluav taws kub yog xwb nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1994. Fifth hnub ntawm Tej zaum nyob rau hauv lub capital ntawm Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek raws tu qauv tau kos npe, tom qab uas cov neeg koom ceased hluav taws tom qab xwb ib lub lim tiam.

Ob tog mus rau lub teeb meem tsis tau pom zoo rau qhov kawg raws li txoj cai ntawm Nagorno Karabakh. Azerbaijan xav hwm rau nws sovereignty thiab insists rau khaws cia nws hwv ntseeg. Cov kev txaus siab ntawm tus kheej-proclaimed koom pheej tiv thaiv Armenia. Nagorno Karabakh stands rau kev thaj yeeb daws teeb meem ntawm contentious teeb meem, cov koom pheej lub tub ceev xwm taw tes tias lub NKR yog tau mus sawv ntsug rau nws kev ywj pheej.