Naas ej duab puab Mikelandzhelo Buonarroti. Hauj lwm ntawm lub npe nrov tshaj tej hauj lwm

Italian kab lis kev cai, lus, xwm tau ntev attracted tourists. Tab sis lub teb chaws no yog nto moo tsis tsuas rau nws scenery thiab sonorous serenades. Niaj hnub no peb tham txog ib qho ntawm feem nto moo tub ntawm ltalis. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm yuav muab ib tug xov tooj ntawm kev qhia txog ntawm sculptures Mikelandzhelo Buonarotti.

Nyeem zoo zoo thiab koj yuav sib sau ua ke ib tug ntau ntawm cov tshiab thiab nthuav tej yam los ntawm cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub Italian kab lis kev cai ntawm lub Renaissance.

cov ntaub ntawv kawm vitae

Chaw yug ntawm tus poj artist thiab sculptor nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg ntawm ib tug impoverished nobleman nyob rau hauv 1475 nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Caprese. Vim tsis muaj nyiaj txiag tus txiv muab nws upbringing nyob rau hauv ib tsev neeg Topolino, uas tus tub hluas raws li cov av nplaum thiab pib mus kawm kom sculpt nuj nqis.

Thaum lub sij hawm, nws raug xa mus rau lub rooj cob qhia rau ib tug hauv zos artist, thiab tom qab lub sculptor Giovanni tsev kawm ntawv. Muaj nws pom Lorentso Medichi.

Tus txiv neej no muab lub sijhawm los qhia Michelangelo. Nws tiv thaiv nws cov kev tshawb fawb, thiab ces mus txog rau thaum nws tuag yuav pab tau tsim high-luv nqi txiav txim.

Thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej, Buonarroti tau ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub nroog Loos, Florence thiab Bologna.
Cia tam sim no tham txog nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ntau yam.

General yam ntxwv ntawm creativity

Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm peb yuav muaj cuam tshuam los ntawm tsuas yog ib qho ntawm cov kev seevcev ntawm cov kos duab ntawm Michelangelo - puab. Hauj lwm ntawm lub nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv koj yuav nyeem hauv qab no.

Cov ntse heev ntawm tus txiv neej nyob rau hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws txoj kev reflected nyob rau hauv cov duab puab. Txawm nyob rau hauv nws painting, nws yog tus plasticity ntawm daim ntawv thiab txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov nuj nqis, peculiar xwb los tej yam.

Nws yog noteworthy hais tias lub ntsiab kev kawm tau ntawm Mikelandzhelo Buonarotti yog innovation. Nws yog vim hais tias ntawm kev ua tsis tooj mus rau canons, nws los ua nto moo rau centuries. Nws pej thuam "David" tau ua tus benchmark ntawm lub High Renaissance, thiab cov "Pieta" - qhov zoo tshaj plaws embodiment ntawm ib tug tuag lawm tib neeg lub cev nyob rau hauv lub sculptural tsim.

Wb tau ntsib los ze zog nrog tej hauj lwm ntawm lub Renaissance ntse heev.

"Mauxes"

Ib qho ntawm feem nto moo tej hauj lwm - "Mauxes" los ntawm Michelangelo. Hauj lwm ntawm cov duab puab, peb mam li muab ib tug me ntsis rau yav tom ntej. Tam sim no wb tham txog qhov chaw uas nws tau tsa.

Qhov no duab puab yog ib feem ntawm ib tug complex sculptural qhov ntxa ntawm Pope Julius II, uas yog nyob rau hauv San Pietro nyob rau hauv Vincoli, ib tug Roman basilica.

Ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv no duab puab mus rau ob lub xyoos, pib nyob rau hauv 1513. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau txhua sab muaj saum los ntawm Michelangelo tus tub kawm ntawv tau.

Tus thawj lub tswv yim ntawm Pope Julius II yog ib tug heev biased thiab grandiose. Nws xav tsim nws masterpiece qhov ntxa nyob rau hauv lub Basilica ntawm St. Peter. Nws project muaj ntau saum thiab lwm yam decorations. Tab sis lub hom phiaj twb tsis pom vim tsis muaj kev pab los ntawm nws qub txeeg qub teg.

Yog li, peb hais 'nyiaj txiag' version ntawm tus thawj project.
Yog li, lub "Mauxes" - ib tug duab puab ntawm Michelangelo, uas ua nto moo nyob rau hauv lub centuries ntawm nws cov creator. Niaj hnub no nws yog pom tias yog ib lub npe nrov tshaj saum. Yuav ua li cas yog nws zoo kawg li?

Lub qhov siab ntawm tus pej thuam - 235 centimeters, tab sis lub hwj chim uas yog lus dag nyob rau hauv nws cov ntaem, yog tiag tiag enormous. Lub sculptor portrayed tus thawj coj ntawm cov neeg Yudais thaum lub sij hawm ntawm qhov rov qab, tom qab ib tug kev sib tham nrog Vajtswv, thaum Mauxes pom peb cov kwvtij nkauj ntawm tus thav nyuj kub.

Tus naj npawb yog heev dynamic thiab tag nrho cov sab hauv lub zog. Peb pom cov o leeg thiab ib tug nag xob nag cua ntawm passions ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm tus thawj coj. Nyob rau hauv nws sab tes xis nws tuav ntsiav tshuaj, thiab lub ceg nws launched ib tug ntse thiab luv luv zog rau pem hauv ntej, raws li yog hais tias nws twb mus dhia nyob rau hauv thiab muab kev txiav txim.

Craftsmanship txaug ntawm Michelangelo lub contemporaries piv nrog ib tug sable txhuam cov neeg pleev kob. Finer cov plaub hau hwj txwv saib mos mos thiab ntaug, dua li, nyob rau hauv cov duab puab yog tsis muaj millimeter nyoos marble. Cov nyob tus yeees yog ib tug ua kom tiav thiab tag nrho qhia tag nrho cov expressiveness ntawm tib neeg ntse heev.

"Mauxes" ntawm Michelangelo, yoojyim tsis muaj ib tug tsis muaj ab tsi. Muaj zog-willed siab fascinating thiab tej zaum ntshai viewers. Raws li Stendhal hais tias, yog tias koj tsis tau pom rau saum, koj tsis muaj lub tswv yim hais txog cov possibilities ntawm puab.

"David"

Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm peb yuav sim mus rau ntsiab nto moo tshaj plaws sculptures los ntawm Michelangelo. Ib tug thib ob, nyob rau ib par nrog rau yav tas los ib tug, nws yog tus "David". Qhov no tsib-Meter pej thuam tau los ua ib tug cim ntawm lub Florentine koom pheej yuav luag tam sim ntawd tom qab creation.

Niaj hnub no nws yog nyob rau hauv lub Academy of Arts nyob rau hauv Florence thiab yog npaj rau round saib. Tus pej thuam depicts ib tug ntxhais hluas Yudas King David, uas yog npaj rau sib ntaus sib tua nrog rau cov giant Kaulia. Nws yog teem thiab ib tug me ntsis tense, vim hais tias cov yeeb ncuab yog kom meej meej superior rau nws lub cev zoo. Ib txhij, nyob rau hauv lub view ntawm David betrays ib tug khov kho cog qoob loo nyob rau hauv yeej.

Leej twg yog tus neeg masterpiece? Rov qab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-thib kaum tsib xyoo pua nyob rau hauv Florence tham txog cov kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov raug Maria del Fiore. Nws yog lub tsev teev ntuj lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Florence. Lub hom phiaj yog mus puag ncig nws nrog kaum ob saum lub npe nrov tshaj biblical cim los ntawm cov phau qub.

Ua hauj lwm rau qhov kev siv ntawm qhov kev tsim pib los ntawm Donatello thiab nws apprentice, tab sis nws yuav tsuas tsim ib tug duab puab.

Tom qab nws tuag, peb tes num twb tshem tawm, thiab ib ntu ntawm marble (ncha nicknamed lub "Giant"), npaj rau tus pej thuam uas David, maj crumbled nyob rau hauv tus ntawm yaig.

Thaum pib ntawm lub thib kaum rau caug xyoo nws tau convened los ntawm lub Commission, uas muaj Leonardo da Vinci, uas txiav txim siab los kos npe rau ib daim ntawv cog lus nrog rau cov nees nkaum-rau sculptor Michelangelo Buonarroti. Nws pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj 1501.

Sib ntaus sib tua marble blocks coj nws ntau tshaj li ob lub xyoos. Nws yog qhov no puab yog hais tias los ua ib tug masterpiece, tsuas txiav tawm tag nrho cov ruaj.
Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv 1504, thaum ua hauj lwm tau ua tiav, cov cov Florentines txiav txim siab los muab tso rau David nyob rau hauv lub Loggia dei Lanzi, qhov twg coj qhov chaw lub rooj sib tham ntawm lub City Council.

Tam sim no tus tawm tsam rau txoj kev ywj pheej sawv cev ib tug masterpiece Mikelandzhelo Buonarroti. Duab puab ntawm Donatello kuj tau tsiv mus rau ib qhov chaw txawv ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib Council.

Muaj ntau ntau nthuav tseeb hais txog qhov no ua hauj lwm. "David" - lub feem ntau theej duab puab ntawm lub Renaissance. Nws duplicates yog nyob rau hauv Moscow, London thiab nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam sib txawv ntawm nws cov haiv neeg lub nroog.

Nws tseem yog noteworthy tias cov London daim ntawv yog txawm peem rau nrog ib daim duab nplooj, nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm sij hawm tuaj txog ntawm poj huab tais. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua lub nroog Yeluxalees tsis kam host ib daim qauv ntawm cov "liab qab Italian thib kaum tsib xyoo pua," tus pej thuam raws li "David" los ntawm Michelangelo muab uncircumcised.

allegory ntawm lub hnub

Qhov ntxa ntawm cov Medici nyob rau hauv Florence, tau fwm ntau ntawm Michelangelo lub sculptures. Peb tham txog nyias compositions.

Tus thawj ntawm cov depicts kev koom tes ntawm xilethi-aus hais mus rau lub qub "zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub Florentine kav." Qhov no sculptural pab pawg neeg muaj plaub nuj nqis sawv nyob rau hauv officers nyob rau hauv ob Sarcophagi.

Lub tswv yim yog lub wizard los qhia zoo kawg txawm rau gods heev ntawm ntiaj teb no cov hav zoov. Lawv xwm nyob rau hauv txawv txawv txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub hau ntawm lub Sarcophagi, nyob rau hauv ib lub dag zog mus xaub cia sai.

Allegories lub sij hawm txawv ntawm ib hnub muaj qhia nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov nuj nqis ntawm cov tub ntxhais cov txiv neej thiab cov poj niam. Lub ntuj kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov thaum ub thiab zoo meej proportions txawv nrog lub medieval Christian txoj kev "mob lawm tu siab heev" vim hais tias ntawm lub transitory xwm ntawm cov hav zoov.

Muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj lub hmo ntuj, hnub, thaum sawv ntxov thiab yav tsaus ntuj. Thawj ob sculptures yog muab tso rau hauv lub qhov ntxa uas Giuliano, thiab lub thib ob - nyob rau sarcophagus ntawm Lorentso Medichi.

Peb tes num yog tsim los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Clement VII, uas txiav txim siab los immortalize lawv cov txheeb ze uas tau tuag tub ntxhais hluas.

Ua hauj lwm rau tus pej thuam tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv 1534, tab sis tsis yog txhua txhua tau ntsia rau lub tswv yim npaj rau ntawm qhov chaw. Niaj hnub no Terracotta qauv ntawm lub pej thuam "hnub", piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Houston, "Sawv ntxov" - nyob rau hauv London ,. "Yav tsaus ntuj" qauv muaj tau poob, nws twb yuav los ntawm ib co lolus, thiab ib co kua nplaum los ntawm lub sij hawm no tau ploj lawm.

Cov zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ib feem ntawm muaj pes tsawg leeg yog pom tias yuav ua tau ib tug duab puab, "Hmo ntuj." Michelangelo, raws li contemporaries hais tias nws xwm lub "tsaug zog pob zeb tug tim tswv, uas xav tias tus ua tsis taus pa."

Yog li, lub sculptures ntawm Michelangelo, txawm ib co shortcomings, uas peb sib tham txog hauv qab no, yog txoj masterpieces ntawm tib neeg ntse heev.

saum ntawm lub Medici

Qhov thib ob yog ib feem ntawm tus yeees ntawm tus naas ej lub tsev teev ntuj nyob rau hauv Florence crypt rulers. Nws muaj ob sculptures, yog ib tus uas depicts Giuliano, uas ris lub npe ntawm Duke ntawm Nemours, thiab lwm yam - II ntawm Lorenzo, Duke ntawm Urbino. Lawv yog cov nto moo rau tus thawj nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub Medici tsev neeg tau txais xws li high lub npe.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb hais lub ntsiab drawback ntawm Michelangelo Buonarroti. Sculptures ntawm no tswv muaj tsis muaj ntsis mus rau lawv prototypes. Nws ntxub cov portrait thiab hais tias xws li ib tug kev hloov no yog tsim nyog los tsis muaj leej twg, vim nws tsis muaj ib tug yuav pom nyob rau hauv ib txhiab xyoo.

Duab, zoo ib yam li tus pej thuam uas Lorenzo qhia Rodin tus duab puab "Tus Thinker." Michelangelo tsim no pej thuam nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm Roman general nyob rau hauv lub teeb ntawm sib sib zog nqus thought. Zoomorphic kaus mom hlau hides feem ntau ntawm lub ntsej muag nyob rau hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo. Nws yog nyob rau hauv no hais txog yog tseem debated nrog soj ntsuam.

Ib txhia hais tias qhov no zoo kawg tswv hinted hais tias Lorenzo raug kev txom nyem ua ntej txoj kev tuag kev chim. Lwm tus cam hais tias nws tsuas yog ib tug allegorical duab ntawm lub heev ntawm doom.

Ib txoj kev los sis lwm, tab sis lub ntsej muag ntawm Giuliano ua hauj lwm tawm zoo dua. Nws yog xwm raws li lub ancient zoo pib. Nws yog cov tub ntxhais, tsis muaj ib tug kaus mom hlau, tag nrho ntawm lub zog, tab sis nws ob lub qhov muag kiag li tsis muaj ab tsi. Yog li, nws nruab nrab yog lub tswvyim ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm ib tug paub qab hau tsoom fwv.

Ua ke nrog rau lub sij hawm ntawm ib hnub allegorical nuj nqis, Lorenzo thiab Giuliano rau ua kom tiav muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nws yuav siv sij hawm viewers thaum lub sij hawm Renaissance, thaum muaj ib lub rov tshwm sim ntawm niaj hnub lub xeev. Lub sij hawm ntawm intrigue, kev nom kev tswv tawm tsam thiab lub inordinate nqi ntawm kev nplij siab.

qhev

Tom ntej no, peb kawm txog ib yam ntawm cov feem ntau muaj kev vam meej piv txwv ntawm Michelangelo tus duab puab. Ntu "Mauxes 'thiab' David, peb twb tau ntsib. Uas muaj pes tsawg leeg, uas peb tam sim no tham, xeeb raws li ib feem ntawm lub mausoleum ntawm Julius II.

Nws muaj ob daim - tus qhev, tus tuag thiab tus rebels. Txij li thaum tus tswv yog tsis tshua muaj txuas tseem ceeb portrait ntsis thiab allegorical ntsiab lus ntawm lawv tsim yaam tshab, ces peb yuav tsis hais dab tsi txog lub caij nyoog lub ntsiab lus ntawm ib yam ntawm cov ua ntej kos duab.
Yog hais tias cov nqe lus nug ntawm yav dhau los yog tsis zoo li yuav tsum tau solved puas tau, ib yam dab tsi txog lub ntsiab lus ua lag luam nyob rau hauv cov dynamic dluab, los tseem sib cav tswv yim.

Ib txhia hais tias cov duab no ntawm cov kos duab, favored los ntawm Pope, lwm leej lwm tus taw tes kom paub tias nws yog ib qho allegory ntawm lub xeev kov yeej thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Julius II.

Saum ntawm qhev xwm ob tug hluas thiab muaj zog cov tub ntxhais hluas uas tseem nyob rau hauv fetters. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog ua kom loj thiab kev rau siab mus ua txhaum lub shackles, tus thib ob tug hangs tsis paub pab, surrendering.

Cov nuj nqis, raws li zoo li ntau lwm yam nto moo sculptures los ntawm Michelangelo, zoo li lub "dim tau" los ntawm ib ntu ntawm lawv tus kheej.

Lawv muaj ib qho kev nthuav txoj hmoo. Thaum tus pej thuam tau ua tiav, cov cua ntsawj ntshab hloov tombstones. Yog li ntawd Buonarroti muab lawv rau nws cov phooj ywg Stotstsi rau koj hospitality, thiab rau tom kawg pib lawv mus Francis I. Raws li cov piv txwv ntawm Michelangelo lub sculptures nyob rau hauv lub Louvre.

Bacchus

"Qaug cawv Bacchus" yog suav hais tias yog thawj kev vam meej ua hauj lwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais wizard. Nws tsim nws nyob rau hauv nees nkaum-ob xyoo commissioned Raphael Riario, lub Italian cardinal.

Ib tug interesting tseeb yog hais tias tus Cardinal nrog nws cia li xav mus nthuav nws sau los ntawm antique sculptures. Tab sis thaum nws pom qhov kawg version ntawm tus pej thuam, Signor Riario tsis kam noj. Duab puab mas yuav kis tau tus tswv cia nyiaj Galli, uas nyob ze ntawm lub palace Cancellara. Tom qab yuav luag ib puas xyoo ntawm nws purchase ntawm lub Medici nyob rau hauv Florence thiab thauj.

Niaj hnub no cov duab puab yog ib tug sau nyob rau hauv Florence Bargello Tsev khaws puav pheej.
Ib txhia kws tshawb fawb ntawm Mikelandzhelo Buonarotti, piv txwv li, Viktor Lazarev, xav txog cov khoom no ib tug ncaj qha imitation ntawm cov duab puab ancient. Lawv hais tias nyob rau hauv no ua ntej ywj siab creation yog kiag li tsis muaj tus ntawm tus sau.

"Bacchus" nruab nrab yog cov neeg Loos tus vajtswv caw, uas corresponded mus rau lub Greek Dionysus, nrog los ntawm ib tug hluas satyr. Cov khub yog nyob rau hauv ib tug xoob lub xeev, kov yeej tus ntawm intoxicating haus.

Bacchus zoo nyob rau hauv lub khob caw, nws lub ntsej muag qhia ib tug maj hlub rau nws creation. Cov nqaij ntshiv ntawm lub ncej puab thiab plab mog so. Ib txhia soj ntsuam hais tias qhov no yog pov thawj ntawm nws hlwb thiab lub cev tsis muaj zog, nyiam yees. Lwm yam ancient vajtswv los nrhiav pov thawj rau qhov tseeb hais tias nws yog ib tug loj theem ntawm intoxication. Qhov no yog muaj tim khawv los nws hwj tau lub cev. Nws leans rau pem hauv ntej, raws li yog hais ntog, tab sis tom qab nqaij yog strained kom nws tshuav nyiaj li cas.

nkauj ntsuag

Lub tsuas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv uas muaj yog ib tug kos npe ntawm tus sau, yog ib tug duab puab ntawm Michelangelo tus "Pieta". Nws lub npe los ntawm lub Italian lo lus uas txhais tau tias "kev tu siab, kev hlub." Lub ntsiab kev kawm ntawm lub scene yog quaj ntsuag tus tuag tus tub ntawm tus ntxhais nkauj xwb Mary, Yexus Khetos.

Michelangelo "Pieta" yog xam los ntawm art critics ib tug ntawm ob peb tseem muaj sia nyob tej hauj lwm ntawm txoj kev hloov lub sij hawm los ntawm lub thaum ntxov Renaissance ntawm lub thib kaum tsib xyoo pua rau lub siab lub sij hawm ntawm no era.

Rau lub Gothic cim ntawm cov duab ntawm tus Cawm Seej rau cov neeg tuag tes ntawm tus ntxhais nkauj xwb Mary, tab sis nws kiag li reinvents Buonarroti nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm. Ntawm no tus ntxhais nkauj xwb yog xwm raws li ib tug ntxhais hluas uas mourns ploj hlub.

Yog hais tias koj saib nyob rau hauv lub muaj pes tsawg leeg, peb yuav pom tias muaj yog ib tug ntse faib ntawm cov neeg ciaj thiab cov neeg tuag. Cov thawj pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li cwj pwm xws li cov poj niam, hnav khaub ncaws thiab ua ncaj ncees, lawv txhais ntxeev yog cov cim ntawm cov neeg tuag nyob rau hauv "Haus".

Raws li kws txawj, qhov no duab puab tau ua ib tug benchmark rau tag nrho cov xaiv ntawm cov dluab ntawm biblical scenes.

thaj Piccolomini

Niaj hnub no, peb paub txog ntau sculptures ntawm Michelangelo nrog lub npe ntawm cov npe ntawm Catholic cov neeg ntseeg. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog nyob rau ntawm lub thaj Piccolomini nyob rau hauv Siena Cathedral. Qhov no kuj yog "Pieta", uas peb tau sib tham txog ua ntej lawm.

Daim ntawv cog lus rau kev txiav txim no tau kos npe nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov xyoo ntawm lub thib kaum rau caug xyoo los ntawm Cardinal Piccolomini. Los ntawm nws cov nqe lus, cov artist yuav tsum tau tsim kaum tsib sculptures nyob rau hauv peb lub xyoos. Raws li ib tug nqi zog nws tau txais tsib puas ducats, uas yog ib tug txiav txim zaum rau lub sij hawm.

Tab sis vim yog lub fact tias tsis ntev npaum li cas thiab txawm qhov kev txiav txim rau "David" los ntawm Michelangelo kuv tswj kom tsuas yog plaub sculptures.

Yog li ntawd, dab tsi yog tus pej thuam uas Tsoom Haiv Neeg Ntseeg nkag mus hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm cov monument ntawm Gothic architecture?

Lub sab qaum kev ib sab tier yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog sculptures ntawm St. Pius kuv (thawj lub npe - Augustine) thiab St. Gregory, caum plaub Pope.

Nyob rau hauv qis ib feem yog nyob ntseeg Peter thiab Paul. Dua li ntawm qhov overt ua siab phem rau tus tswv ntawm portraits, ntseg kawg ntau soj ntsuam ntawm xav txog ib tug self-portrait ntawm tus hluas artist.

Uas twb peb nyuag acquaintance nrog xws li ib tug zoo kawg nkaus tus neeg, raws li ib tug artist, philosopher thiab sculptor Michelangelo. Sculptures ntawm no tswv adorn tsis tsuas zoo nkauj tshaj plaws monuments nyob rau hauv ltalis, tab sis kuj yog zoo-paub puas nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws.

Mus ncig teb chaws, cov txawj nyeem ntawv. Hmoov zoo rau koj thiab feem ntau tiag tiag li impressions!