Moscow Grand ntxhais fuabtais Sophia Palaeologus thiab nws lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv keeb kwm

Qhov no poj niam yog rho nrog ntau yam tseem ceeb tsoom fwv ua. Yuav ua li cas yog li ntawd zoo kawg li rau Sofya Paleolog? Nthuav lus tseeb hais txog nws, raws li zoo li biographical ntaub ntawv sau nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

Muab Cardinal

Nyob rau hauv Moscow nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj 1469 tuaj lub ambassador ntawm Cardinal Vissarion. Nws muab tsab ntawv mus rau cov neeg pej xeem Duke nrog ib lub tswv yim mus yuav Sofia, tus ntxhais ntawm Theodore kuv, despot Morea. Incidentally, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, thiab nws hais tias Sofiya Paleolog (lub npe tiag tiag - Zoe, nws tau txiav txim siab los hloov lub Orthodox diplomatic yog vim li cas) twb crowned tsis kam ob suitors rau Woo nws. Nws yog tus Duke of Milan thiab Fabkis huab tais. Qhov tseeb hais tias Sophia tsis xav mus yuav ib tug Catholic.

Sofia Palaeologus (ntawm chav kawm, cov kev yees duab ntawm nws, nrhiav tsis tau, tab sis cov portraits uas hais nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm), raws li cov tswv yim ntawm uas nyob deb lub sij hawm, yog tsis muaj lawm tub ntxhais hluas. Txawm li cas los, nws yog tseem txaus nyiam heev. Nws yog kev paub qhia lo, zoo nkauj heev ob lub qhov muag, raws li zoo li matte mos daim tawv nqaij uas twb xam tau tias nyob rau hauv Russia kos npe rau ntawm kev noj qab nyob zoo. Dhau li ntawm tus niam tais ntsuab sib txawv tsab xov xwm thiab ib tug ntse lub siab.

Leej twg yog Sofia Fominichna Paleologos?

Sophia Fominichna - tus muam tus ntxhais ntawm Constantine XI Palaeologus, lub xeem huab tais ntawm Byzantium. Txij li thaum 1472 nws yog tus poj niam ntawm Ivan III. Nws txiv yog Foma Paleolog, uas khiav nrog nws tsev neeg mus rau tim Loos nyob rau hauv 1453, tom qab lub Turks kov yeej Constantinople. Sofya Paleolog nyob tom qab kev tuag ntawm nws tus txiv nyob rau hauv qhov kev kho mob ntawm tus poj Pope. Rau ntau yam yog vim li cas, nws xav yuav nws los Ivan III, poj ntsuam nyob rau hauv 1467. Nws hais tias yog.

Sofia Palaeologus yug tau ib tug tub nyob rau hauv 1479, uas tom qab ua Vasily III Ivanovich. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws tau ua ad Basil Grand Duke, ib qho chaw uas yog rau noj Dmitry, tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm Ivan III, twb crowned tsar. Ivan III sib yuav Sophia siv los ntxiv dag zog ntawm Guj kuj nyob rau hauv lub thoob ntiaj teb arena.

Icon "Foom koob hmoov rau Saum ntuj ceeb tsheej" thiab cov duab ntawm Michael III

Sofia Palaeologus, Grand Duchess ntawm Moscow, coj ob peb Orthodox icons. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias ib tug ntawm lawv yog, thiab icon "Foom koob hmoov rau Saum ntuj ceeb tsheej", ib tug tsis tshua duab ntawm leej niam ntawm Vajtswv. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub Kremlin tus thawj tubtxib saum ntuj Cathedral. Txawm li cas los, raws li mus rau lwm lub kev lig kev cai, lub tej yam qub qab twb tsiv los ntawm Constantinople mus Smolensk, thiab thaum twg lub caij nyoog kawg no invaded Lithuania, qhov no icon twb foom koob hmoov rau yuav Sofyu Vitovtovnu, princess thaum nws sib yuav Vasili kuv, Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Moscow. Cov duab uas yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj, yog ib daim ntawv teev ancient icons, ua nyob rau hauv lub lig 17th xyoo pua los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Fedor Alekseevich (pictured hauv qab no). Muscovites feeb coj teeb roj thiab dej mus rau qhov icon. Nws twb ntseeg tau hais tias lawv twb tau sau nrog kho thaj, vim hais tias cov duab tau kho powers. Qhov no icon yog tam sim no ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau revered nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws.

Nyob rau hauv lub thawj tubtxib saum ntuj Cathedral tom qab lub tshoob ntawm Ivan III kuj nyob ib cov duab ntawm Michael III, Byzantine huab tais, uas yog tus tsim ntawm ib tug dynasty Palaeologus. Yog li, sib cav hais tias Moscow yog lub successor mus rau lub Byzantine Empire, thiab cov rulers ntawm Russia - lub qub txeeg qub teg ntawm lub Byzantine emperors.

Cov me nyuam yug ntawm tus ntev-awaited txais

Tom qab Sofiya Paleolog, lub thib ob tus poj niam ntawm Ivan III, yog sib yuav mus rau nws nyob rau hauv lub Assumption Cathedral, thiab los ua nws tus poj niam, nws pib xav txog yuav ua li cas tau cawv thiab ua ib tug tiag tiag poj huab tais. Palaeologus pom tau hais tias qhov no yuav tsum muaj ib tug lub txiaj ntsim rau tus tub huabtais, uas yuav ua nws ib leeg: muab yug tau ib tug tub, uas yuav ua qhov txais mus rau lub zwm txwv. Tu siab Sophia, yog tus thawj-yug tus ntxhais, leej twg tuag sai tom qab yug me nyuam. Ib xyoo tom qab tus hluas nkauj twb yug dua tshiab, thiab mam li nco dheev tuag. Sofia Palaeologus quaj, thov kom Vajtswv muab nws tus txais cuab tam, handing tawm handfuls dawb neeg pluag, pub rau lub tuam tsev. Tom qab ib co sij hawm, Leej niam ntawm Vajtswv tau hnov nws tej lus thov - Sofia Palaeologus los ua cev xeeb tub dua.

Nws biography raug thaum kawg cim qhov ntev-awaited kev tshwm sim. Nws coj qhov chaw nyob rau Lub peb hlis ntuj 25, 1479 nyob rau hauv 8 pm, raws li tau teev nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov Moscow keeb kwm. Tub. Nws lub npe hu ua Vasiliem Pariyskim. Tus tub ua kevcai raus dej Vasiyan, Rostov archbishop, Sergiev monastery.

Uas coj nrog Sophia

Sophie tswj kom instill ib yam dab tsi uas yog zoo rau nws tus kheej, thiab hais tias menyuam thiab to taub nyob rau hauv Moscow. Nws coj nrog nws kev lis kev cai thiab kev cai ntawm lub Byzantine lub tsev hais plaub, cov kev txaus siab ntawm nws tus kheej lub hauv paus pib, raws li zoo raws li siab vim hais tias nws yuav tsum tau yuav ib tug tributary ntawm lub Mongol-Tatars. Tsis yog Sophie nyiam lub simplicity ntawm qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv Moscow, raws li zoo raws li kev ywj pheej kev sib raug zoo uas prevailed thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub tsev hais plaub. Ivan III nws tus kheej twb yuam kom mloog reproachful hais lus los ntawm recalcitrant boyars. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv lub capital thiab tsis muaj nws, muaj ntau yuav xav hloov lub qub thiaj yog tsis muaj raws li cov kev cai ntawm lub Muscovite sovereign. Thiab tus poj niam ntawm Ivan III nrog lub Greeks, coj nws, thiab leej twg pom lub Roman, Byzantine thiab lub neej, yuav muab Lavxias teb sab nqi kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv yuav ua li cas kuaj thiab yuav ua li cas siv tag nrho yam kev hloov.

tus ntawm Sofia

Tus poj niam ntawm tub huabtais yuav tsis tsis kam tej yam nyob rau backstage lub neej ntawm lub tsev hais plaub thiab nws cov hniav ib puag ncig. Nws skillfully ua ib tug tus kheej kev sib raug zoo, nws tswj kom zoo meej lub tsev hais plaub intrigues. Txawm li cas los, nom tswv Paleologos yuav tsuas teb cov tswv yim uas tau hais vague thiab tsis pub leejtwg paub kev xav ntawm Ivan III. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tseeb yog tus xav hais tias nws lub neej Princess ua receivers Muscovite rulers ntawm lub Byzantine emperors rau kev txaus siab ntawm lub Orthodox East, tuav on mus rau lub yav dhau los. Yog li ntawd, Sofyu Paleolog nyob rau hauv lub capital ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab xeev muaj nuj nqis tsuas yog raws li ib tug Byzantine ntxhais fuabtais, tab sis tsis raws li zoo Moscow ntxhais huabtais. Nws yog to taub nws yog. Raws li cov ntxhais fuabtais Sophia enjoyed txoj cai los txais txawv teb chaws embassies nyob rau hauv Moscow. Yog li ntawd, lub sib yuav ntawm nws Ivan yog ib hom ntawm nom tswv ua qauv qhia. Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, nws twb tau hais tias cov txais mus rau lub Byzantine tsev, poob ua ntej, lub sovereign cai kis nws mus rau Moscow, uas tau ua lub tshiab Constantinople. Ntawm no, nws txoj cov cai no nrog koj tus txij nkawm.

Kremlin reconstruction, lub overthrow ntawm lub Tartar quab

Ivan paub tias nws txoj hauj lwm tshiab nyob rau hauv lub thoob ntiaj teb arena, nws pom dab tuag thiab cramped qub Kremlin ib puag ncig. Los ntawm ltalis, ua raws li los ntawm tus ntxhais fuabtais, nws twb tawm wizard. Lawv ua rau lub site ntawm cov ntoo hu nkauj ua ke ntawm lub ncau Chamber, lub Assumption Cathedral (Vasiliya Blazhennogo), thiab ib tug tshiab pob zeb palace. Lub Kremlin ntawm lub sij hawm no pib poob nyob rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub ntawm ib tug nruj thiab tham ceremonies, lus ceeb toom ntawm lub neej nyob rau hauv Moscow arrogance thiab mob heev. Cia li zoo li nyob rau hauv nws lub palace, Ivan III pib hais lus, thiab nyob rau hauv lwm kev sib raug zoo ntau solemn moj yam. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub Tatar quab tsis muaj ib tug sib ntaus, raws li tab sis yog los ntawm nws tus kheej, nws twb poob los ntawm nws lub xub pwg nyom. Thiab nws gravitated yuav luag ob centuries dhau tag nrho sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj Rus '(los ntawm 1238 mus 1480 xyoo). Cov lus tshiab yog ntau solemn, zoo nkaus li lub sij hawm no nyob rau hauv tsoom fwv kev nyab xeeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog diplomatic. Ib tug tau txais lub lush terminology.

Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Sophia nyob rau hauv lub overthrow ntawm lub Tartar quab

Palaeologus nyob rau hauv Moscow tsis nyiam rau tus sib sib zog tsa los ntawm nws nyob rau hauv cov neeg pej xeem Duke, raws li zoo raws li cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm Moscow - "kuj zoo kawg unrest" (nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm Boyar Bersen-Beklemisheva). Sophia cuam tshuam tsis tsuas nyob rau hauv lub domestic tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv txawv teb chaws Affairs. Nws demanded tias Ivan III tsis kam them tribute mus rau lub Horde Khan thiab thaum kawg tso los ntawm nws lub hwj chim. Txawj tswv yim Palaeologus, raws li evidenced los ntawm VO Klyuchevskii, yeej ib txwm ua raws li nws tus txiv lub intentions. Yog li ntawd nws tsis kam them tribute. Ivan III stamped Khan tsab ntawv mus rau Zamoskovreche rau Ordynsky vaj. Tom qab ntawd nyob rau hauv no qhov chaw Hloov Hlo Koom Txoos ua. Txawm li cas los, cov neeg thiab ces "da dej" rau Palaeologus. Ua ntej Ivan III twb tso tawm nyob rau hauv 1480 rau yawm sawv hauv Ugra, nws xa mus rau Beloozero tus poj niam thiab cov me nyuam. Thaum lub sij hawm uas kawm ntaus nqi qhov huab tais lub tswv yim muab hwj chim nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim hais tias Moscow yuav coj Khan Akhmat, thiab khiav nrog nws tus poj niam.

"Duma" thiab cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm subordinates

Ivan III ntawm, freed los ntawm yoke, xav tias thaum kawg sovereign huab tais. Lub palace cov lus qhia kom siv zog Sophia pib zoo li ib tug Byzantine. Lub None ua nws tus poj niam ib tug "khoom plig" los ntawm Ivan III Palaeologus tso cai rau sau ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm nws tus kheej entourage "Duma" thiab tuav nyob rau hauv lawv cov ib nrab ntawm "diplomatic receptions." Princess tau txais txawv teb chaws ambassadors thiab lolus tham rau lawv. Nws yog ib qho unprecedented novelty rau Russia. Thov rau ntawm lub tsev hais plaub ntawm huab tais kuj hloov.

Sofia Palaeologus tus poj niam coj cov sovereign txoj cai thiab txoj cai mus rau lub Byzantine zwm txwv, raws li sau tseg los ntawm F. Uspensky, ib tug historian uas tau kawm lub sij hawm no. Boyars tau kaj siab nrog nws. Ivan III xub hlub controversy thiab tej kev fab, tab sis nyob rau hauv Sofia nws radically hloov cov kev kho mob ntawm lawv cov tsev hais plaub. Ivan pib los tuav unassailable, yooj yim angered, feem ntau yuam disgrace, xav tau tshwj xeeb kev hwm rau nws. Tag nrho cov misfortunes lus xaiv kuj ntaus nqi mus rau tus Sofi Paleolog.

Cov tawm tsam rau lub zwm txwv

Nws twb them nyob rau hauv yuam cai ntawm succession. Foes nyob rau hauv 1497 tau hais rau tus tub huabtais ntawd Sofia Palaeologus npaj mus rau tshuaj lom nws tus tub xeeb ntxwv muab nws tus kheej tus tub nyob rau lub zwm txwv tias nws mus ntsib nyiag npaj muaj taug potion dab uas yog koom tes nrog rau hauv qhov kev koom tes thiab Basil nws tus kheej. Ivan III nyob rau hauv no qhov teeb meem coj cov sab ntawm nws tus tub xeeb ntxwv. Nws twb kom poob dej tuag nyob rau hauv lub Moscow dej dab, raug ntes ntawm Vasily thiab nws tus poj niam muab tshem tawm los ntawm nws tus kheej, pointedly executing ob peb cov tswv cuab ntawm "Duma" Palaeologus. Nyob rau hauv 1498, Ivan III twb crowned nyob rau hauv lub Assumption Cathedral ntawm Dmitry li cov txais mus rau lub zwm txwv.

Txawm li cas los, Sophia yog nyob rau hauv cov ntshav muaj peev xwm tsev hais plaub intrigues. Nws liam Elenu Voloshanku txoj kev rau siab rau heresy thiab tau muaj peev xwm poob nws. Grand Duke muab disgrace rau nws tus tub xeeb ntxwv thiab ib tug ntxhais, thiab hu ua Basil nyob rau hauv 1500 lub rightful txais mus rau lub zwm txwv.

Sofya Paleolog: lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv keeb kwm

Marriage Sofi Paleolog thiab Ivan III, ntawm chav kawm, ntxiv dag zog rau lub Muscovite lub xeev. Nws pab mus rau nws transformation mus rau hauv lub thib peb Rome. Sofia Palaeologus nyob rau ntau tshaj 30 xyoo nyob rau hauv Russia, coj tau yug los 12 cov me nyuam mus rau nws tus txiv. Txawm li cas los, nws tsis tswj kom nkag siab ib tug txawv teb chaws lub teb chaws, nws cov kev cai thiab kev cai. Txawm nyob rau hauv lub official Vaj Keeb Kwm raws li cov ntaub ntawv condemning nws tus cwj pwm nyob rau hauv tej lub sijhawm, tsis yooj yim rau lub teb chaws.

Sofia attracted Lavxias teb sab capital architects thiab lwm yam nyuab, raws li zoo raws li cov kws kho mob. Creation ntawm Italian architects ua tsis inferior mus Moscow los ntawm lub hwj chim thiab kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov capitals ntawm cov teb chaws Europe. Qhov no tau pab mus rau strengthening lub hwj chim ntawm lub Moscow State, hais txog cov rooj saab laaj ntawm Lavxias teb sab capital ntawm cov Ob txhais Rome.

kev tuag ntawm Sofia

Sophia tuag nyob rau hauv Moscow rau Lub yim hli ntuj 7, 1503 Nws twb faus nyob rau hauv lub Ascension Monastery ntawm lub Moscow Kremlin. Nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1994, nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov kev hloov mus rau lub thawj tubtxib saum ntuj Cathedral ntawm qhov seem ntawm tus huab tais thiab princes 'poj niam SA Nikitin fwm pob txha taub hau ntawm Sofia regained nws sculptural portrait (pictured saum toj no). Tam sim no peb muaj peev xwm txawm kwv yees li xav txog tej yam ntsia zoo li Sofya Paleolog. Nthuav lus tseeb thiab biographical sau ntawv hais txog nws yog heev heev. Peb twb sim mus xaiv tus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, ris rau qhov tsab xov xwm.