Medici Chapel, Michelangelo: kev piav qhia thiab cov duab

Nyob rau hauv 1421-1428, cov Brunelleschi ua ib lub tsev teev nyob rau sab ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm San Lorenzo (Medici Chapels) nyob rau hauv Florence. Nws yuav tsum tau ib lub qhov ntxa rau lub Medici tsev. Yuav luag ib puas xyoo tom qab Pope Leo X pom tias yog Michelangelo kom tiav nws cov facade. Vim cov tsis muaj nyiaj ua hauj lwm raug nres.

Florence Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm San Lorenzo

Lub tsev teev ntuj hiob nyob rau hauv Florence - yog lub tuam tsev ntawm San Lorenzo. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 339 lub tsev teev ntuj twb tsa St. Ambrose, Bishop of Milan. Nyob rau hauv lub Romanesque lub sij hawm, nws twb rebuilt thiab re-tsa nyob rau hauv 1059. Nyob rau hauv 1418 lub Medici txiav txim siab mus kiag li yaj nws thiab entrusted muab rau Filippo Brunelleschi. Lub tuam tsev hauv yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog tej hauj lwm ntawm Donatello. Princes Chapel los ua lub qhov ntxa rau tag nrho cov Dukes ntawm lub Medici tsev neeg ntawm lub thib ob kab, pib nrog Cosimo I. Nws muab tso rau hauv zaub lub wealth thiab hwj chim ntawm tus Medici. Nws yog lawm ua tus sau rau tag nrho cov tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm lub zos ntawm cov Duchy ntawm Tuscany thiab lub Medici lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab rau lub qab nthab. Lush sab hauv ntawm Florentine mosaic twb ua rau ze li ntawm ob puas xyoo. Lub chaw ua hauj lwm yog ua li cas kom zoo zoo heev. Muaj yuav tsum tau cov kev pov tseg rau Dukes. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub loj loj Hleb yog npliag thiab ua hauj lwm tsuas yog raws li funerary monuments. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub Medici twb faus nyob rau hauv lub crypt. Qab txhua sarcophagus nyob rau hauv ib lub phab ntsa niche. Lawv yuav tsum tau nyob twj ywm Dukes duab puab. Txawm li cas los, muaj tsuas yog ob tug ntawm cov monument - ib tug pej thuam ntawm Ferdinand kuv thiab Cosimo II. Dome repeats Brunelleschi dome thiab dai kom zoo nkauj nrog scenes los ntawm phau Vajlugkub.

Lub crypt nrog graves. Chapel ntawm cov thawj

Muab rau tso cai nyob rau hauv lub Chapel ntawm lub Medici yuav ua ncaj qha mus rau lub crypt. Ntawm no koj yuav tau mus rau lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm cov Princes thiab cov khoom Tshiab Sacristy. Crypt tsaus ntuj nti thiab tu siab heev, uas yog tej yam ntuj tso rau hauv lub qhov ntxa, nyob qhov twg zoo faus feem ntau ntawm cov Medici tsev neeg, xws li cov neeg uas yuav tsum tau so nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm cov thawj. Lub nrag highborn poj niam zaum nyob rau hauv ib tug stately lub rooj zaum. Qhov no Anna Maria Luisa de 'Medici, kawg txais ntawm tsev neeg, uas tuag nyob rau hauv 1743. Nws tshuav ib tug lossis loj artistic cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm nws cov haiv neeg Florence.

Rau lovers ntawm Michelangelo

Nyob rau hauv 1520, nws coj mus tsim ib lub tsev teev ntuj nrog tombstones rau Lorenzo lub kawg li thiab nws tus tij laug Giuliano, raws li zoo raws li rau lwm yam ob tug tub ntawm cov Medici tsev neeg: Giuliano, Duke ntawm Nemours, thiab Lorenzo, Duke ntawm Urbino. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, Cardinal Giulio, ib tug npawg ntawm Pope Leo X, xav kom haj yam tso siab rau kev tsim kho ntawm Michelangelo lub tsev qiv ntawv. Nws yuav tsum nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv teej tug mus rau tag nrho tsev neeg, raws li tau zoo raws li muab tau los ntawm ntau courtiers thiab lwm yam zoo-paub bibliophiles. Medici Chapel thiab cov khoom Tshiab Sacristy nyob rau hauv nws, thiab ib chav qiv - ob yam tseem ceeb ntawv rau lub 45-xyoo-laus tus tswv, uas nyob rau thawj lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau kam nrog cov architecture.

Tshiab Sacristy - yog ib tug ntawm cov architectural tej yaam num, uas tus tswv coj mus rau qhov kawg. Nws twb tsis muaj tsawg tshaj li xya sculptures ntawm lub Renaissance ntse heev.

Pib

Cardinal Giulio de 'Medici ntawm lub genus, raug xaiv pope nyob rau hauv lub npe Clement VII ntawm, hu ua Michelangelo mus rau tim Loos thiab muab ib tug khoom hais txog hais tias lub Chapel ntawm lub Medici yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav tsis muaj kev ncua. Nws xav kom yuav tsum tau yeeb koob hauv centuries tsis tsawg tshaj li Pope Leo X thiab nws predecessors, tau ncaim ib tug cim xeeb ntawm nws tus kheej li neeg ntawm architecture, sculpture thiab painting. Yuav tsum tsis txhob perpetuate cov dluab nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, tus naas ej Medici, thiab cov neeg uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv Florence monarchy. Lawv ob cov tub ntxhais, tsis qhuas nws tus kheej duke. Tshiab Sacristy nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm San Lorenzo (Medici Chapels) yuav tsum muaj ib zaug xwb complex nrog cov laus, ua los ntawm Brunelleschi. Michelangelo xeeb thiab ces ua rau nws ntau kev txiav txim, cornices, capitals, qhov rooj, niches thiab tombs. Nws mus kiag rov qab los ntawm yav tas los txais cov kev cai thiab kev lis kev cai. Medici Chapel ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm Pope tsis muaj rau muaj xws li cov tombs ntawm Lorenzo lub kawg li thiab nws tus tij laug Giuliano. Ib qhov chaw ntawm yawm yuav tsum sawv qhov ntxa uas Pope Leo X thiab nws tus kheej. Wishing tias ntau tsis muaj leej twg siv lub ntse heev ntawm Michelangelo, Clement VII muaj cov kws kes duab vajtse los ua ib tug haujsam thiab ib tug txiav plaub hau nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm St. Francis. Thaum lub artist tsis kam, kuv txiv muab nws ib lub tsev. Tom ntej no mus nws sawv ib lub tsev teev ntawm lub Medici. Cov Nyiaj Hli tshaj 3 lub sij hawm tus nqi koj nug rau Michelangelo.

Michelangelo nyob rau hauv Florence

Uas yuav tsum tau ua Michelangelo Buonarroti? Medici Chapels demanded ib tug extension ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj. Yuav tsum txhim tsa ib tug qab nthab tsev ceev nyiaj, tsim skylight thiab ua ib tug series ntawm tsis tsawg tshaj li ua hauj lwm rau-intensive kev ua hauj lwm. Thiab ces peb yuav tau xav txog ib tug duab puab hais tias cov sculptor npaj los decorate lub tombs ntawm Giuliano thiab Lorentso Medichi. Qhov no yuav tsum ua hauj lwm, thiab chaw pib nyiaj los ntawm Clement VII.

Dukes tsim sculptures

Xav zoo li cas yuav ua rau lub Medici Chapel? Michelangelo, tsis deceiving nws tus kheej, tswv yim hais tias thaum lub sculptures yog npaj txhij, lawv yuav tu siab rau cov neeg uas xav kom pom ib daim duab ntawm lub ob ntawm lub tsev neeg txoj kev xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv. Lawv yuav tsis tau ntsis. Nws xav los ua ib tug neeg tshiab, generated tsis tau tsuas yog lawv lub sij hawm tab sis kuj lawv tus kheej tshiab artistic txoj kev sib tw. Cov saum ntawm lub zog yuav tsum tau kis tawm suab muaj poise uas seemed khov nyob rau hauv cov huab cua. Nws yuav tsum muaj ob tug muaj zog tub hluas, tag nrho ntawm majestic tranquility.

Medici Chapels: piav qhia

Nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntxa uas Medici neeg ntog mus rau hauv ib tug txawv kiag li lub ntiaj teb no, tsis yog ib tug uas yog nyob rau hauv txoj kev. Koj seized los ntawm ib tug kev xav ntawm kev tu siab thiab lub tswv yim hais tias koj muaj nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam. Nyob ib ncig ntawm cov ntxhib facades, vim hais tias tsaus ntuj nti Pilasters, architraves rau tsawg qhov rais, qhov rai lawv tus kheej, lub teeb xim phab ntsa muab no cov khaub ncaws ntau disturbing kev txiav txim zoo ntawm medieval txojkev thiab squares. Nws yog ib qhov chaw uas muaj xws li ib tug neeg nyob rau hauv ib tug ceev ceev-ntws kwj ntawm cov sij hawm, tsim los ntawm Michelangelo. Lub qhov ntxa uas tus tswv - nws yog xav txog txoj kev ntsuas ntawm variability, thiab luv luv ntev ntawm lub neej, yog tej nyob rau hauv lub merger ntawm architecture thiab cov duab puab.

madonna

Nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm San Lorenzo (Medici Chapels) Tshiab Sacristy zoo li ib tug dawb lub voos xwmfab uas crowned tsev ceev nyiaj. Cov kws kes duab vajtse muab tso rau hauv niches nrog phab ntsa mounted, ib tug tseem ceeb nce nyob rau hauv lub tombs. Rau lawv, nws muab lub sculpted nuj nqis ntawm lub neej-loj. On qhov tsis tooj, nws muab tso rau lub thaj ntawm lub sculptural pab pawg neeg "Madonna nrog tus me nyuam" thiab ib puag ncig nws nrog rau saum cov St. Cosma e Damiano (Medici promoters). Lawv nyob rau hauv nws cov av nplaum sketches ua Yexus cov thwjtim. Madonna - tseem ceeb rau tag nrho cov tsev teev ntuj. Nws yog zoo nkauj thiab hauv tsom. Madonna lub ntsej muag yog inclined mus rau tus me nyuam. Nws yog tag nrho ntawm kev tu siab thiab kev tu siab. Madonna yog submerged nyob rau hauv ib tug sib sib zog nqus loj thought. Cov folds ntawm nws cov khaub ncaws ua ib tug tense zoo kev txiav txim thiab nyob qib qub nrog tag nrho cov architectural daim ntawv. Ib tug me nyuam mos liab nce mus txog rau nws. Nws kuj sau nrog nrog puab thiab nro, uas yog tsis tau tshaj rau tag nrho cov tsev teev ntuj. Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj Madonna plays ib tug tseem ceeb heev luag hauj lwm. Nws yog rau nws lub ntsej muag zoo Giuliano thiab Lorenzo.

Saum nyob rau hauv niches

Tsis muaj ib tug hint ntawm ib tug portrait ntsis nyob rau hauv lub cuab yeej ntawm lub ancient Loos zaum ob allegorical nuj nqis. Lub siab tawv qhawv, nquag Giuliano bareheaded raws li nyob rau hauv lub commander tus pas nrig. Nws ua ib lub cim kev kaj siab lug tuaj tom qab tsov rog. Nws yog ib qho allegory ntawm lub neej npaum. Thaum nws kwv nws tij Lorenzo yog nyob rau hauv lub deepest meditation thiab contemplative lub cim lub neej. Nws lub taub hau yog them nrog ancient lub kaus mom hlau so rau hauv nws txhais tes thiab lub luj tshib - nyob rau hauv lub thawv, uas yog ib lub cim txog bestial muzzle. Nws txhais tau tias txawj ntse thiab ua lag ua luam acumen. Ob nuj nqis qaug zog thiab melancholy. Niche ntawm lawv xws uas muab tus tuav ib tug kev xav ntawm kev ntxhov siab vim thiab worry. Lawv yuav los ntawm ib tug lub ntxa teev ntawm kev tsov kev rog thiab unrest thiab txheejtxheem ntawm Lorenzo lub kawg li, lub tus siab zoo ntawm ltalis, nyob rau hauv uas muaj kev thaj yeeb.

Nuj nqis rau lub sarcophagus hau

Zawv zawg cia ib tug zij hau tombs, NW nyuam qhuav Restraining lawv, yog sculpted allegories nyob rau hauv lub yav sawv ntxov thiab yav tsaus ntuj ntawm tus taw ntawm Lorenzo thiab lub hnub thiab hmo ntuj - nyob rau hauv Giuliano. Cim rau lub khiav lub sij hawm excruciatingly seeb. Lawv haib uas muaj zoo meej lub cev proportions - reified languor thiab tu siab heev. "Sawv ntxov" tsim thaum maj mam thiab reluctantly, "hnub" yog tsaug zog bleak thiab disturbing, "yav tsaus ntuj", tsepeneya, ntog pw tsaug zog, "Hmo ntuj" yog raus nyob rau hauv ib tug hnyav nyob tsis tswm pw tsaug zog. Yuav ua li cas hom ntawm ib tug noog nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm cov Medici? "Hmo ntuj" ko taw rests nyob rau hauv plas, uas, yog tias wandering, ib yam dab tsi sawv nws. Pob zeb, uas nws tuas nyob rau hauv nws txhais tes, tej zaum yuav poob nyob rau hauv txhua lub sij hawm, thiab kuj mus rau awaken. Tsis tas rau lub "Hmo ntuj." Qhov no yog muaj tim khawv los ua kom tiav kev nyuaj siab ploj daim npog qhov ncauj nyob rau hauv nws txhais tes. Tus naj npawb ntawm "hnub" deserves xim vim hais tias cov ceeb inconsistency sculpting ib tug zoo nkauj lub cev thiab tau kev nyuaj rotating mus rau tus tuav lub taub hau. Lub cev yog zoo thiab polished, thiab nws lub ntsej muag twb me ntsis emerges, cov duab NW nyuam qhuav teem tseg. "Hnub" yuav lem seev thiab artistic nedooformlen. Flawed daim duab "Sawv ntxov" thiab "Yav tsaus ntuj." Qhov no tsim ib tug ntau qhia, qhia thiab kev hem thawj. Lub sculptor yog tsis ntshai mus ua ntej nws lub sij hawm, yuam tuav mus xav txog thiab txhais tau cov duab puab raws li dab tsi. Ntawm no ua ntej koj yog tus neeg "yav tsaus ntuj" (Medici Chapels). Diam duab qhia saum toj no. Nuj nqis tsis xav ua neej nyob los yog xav tias. Tag nrho ua ke, lub sij hawm ntawm ib hnub Medici paub meej tias cov motto "Nco ntsoov» (Semper), uas txhais tau tias ib qhov kev kawm ntawv ntawm cov dej num. Ua ke nrog cov nuj nqis ntawm cov hluas allegories uas xa tuaj nrog nyob rau hauv ib tug ruaj khov voos muaj pes tsawg leeg.

"Crouching tub"

Medici Chapel thiab ntxa timelessness, uas npog nws tus txiv neej, muaj lwm cov duab puab uas yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub Hermitage. Nws tseem hu ua "Tus tub noj tawm ib tug ntshiv ntoo." Yog hais tias koj lub hlwb coj nws rov qab mus rau lub tsev teev ntuj, koj yuav nrhiav tau hais tias lub sij hawm yog kev cob cog rua rau lub infinite momentary. Qhov no me me pej thuam, uas yog pub dawb mus nkag rau hauv ib lub voos xwmfab. Nws, zoo li lub "hnub" yog tsis heev lawm: nws twb tsis tiav hauv qab thiab rov qab yog tsis polished. Tus me nyuam tag nrho cov nyom rau qhov raug mob ko taw, yog li txawv txawv thiab npaj txhij txog nyob rau hauv nws hwj tau lub cev. Sculptor nrhiav kom tshem tawm los ntawm lub marble xwb tsis tshua muaj neeg tsim nyog los saib yog hais tias nws ntog tawm lub pedestal, ces tsis muaj dab tsi yuav tau phua tawm. Tus tub yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub zuag qhia tag nrho tsim, vim hais tias nws yog - ib tug lub sij hawm ntawd nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm. Yog hais tias Madonna - lub sij hawm, keeb kwm, Christian, uas theem ua ke neeg uas era, tus tub - nws brevity. Nws thiab qhov teeb meem no, thiab rau ib tug lub sij hawm ntawd. Nuj nqis nyob rau hauv niches yog nyob rau hauv tib lub voj voog lub sij hawm rau ib tug hloov, es tsis txhob ntawm lawv tus kheej, sawv nyob rau hauv ib yam dab tsi tshwj xeeb. Txhua yam tshwm sim raws li ib tug ntse heev nyob rau hauv nws lub neej - nyob rau tib lub sij hawm thiab nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev.

Laurentian tsev qiv ntawv

Thaum ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub New Sacristy, uas nws muab rau hauv ib tug stately lub tsev teev ntuj, Michelangelo ua lub tsev qiv ntawv. Tom qab dhau los ntawm lub cozy loog, los ntawm sab laug nave, koj yuav tau txais mus rau hauv nws. Nws yog meant rau cov pib xwb. Cov phau ntawv muaj txheej thaud, piv txwv lis dej num, cov ntawv nyeem ntawm lub Union, uas yog xaus rau ntawm lub Council of Florence nyob rau hauv 1439. Thawj tuaj lub vestibule, ces chav tsev rau tus thawj, qhov uas lawv muaj peev xwm yuav muab cia rau thiab nyeem. Qhov no ntev tiaj gray pob zeb lub teeb ntsa. Qhov chaw tos txais yog high school. Ntxiv dua nws, tourists yuav tsis pub. Yog tsis muaj saum, tab sis muaj ntxaib txhua uas recessed nyob rau hauv lub phab ntsa. Kev mloog yog them rau qhov txawv marble staircase, uas tsa lub khiav ntawm molten lava. Nws semicircular ntxhab cov kauj ruam thiab tsis tshua muaj heev railings. Nws pib ntawm qhov chaw tos txais pib thiab nthuav mus rau daim ntawv peb qhov chaw. Tus tswv nws tus kheej yog nyob rau hauv lub nroog Loos, qhov uas nws los ua ib tug av nplaum qauv ntawm lub stairs - lub ntsiab attraction ntawm qhov chaw tos txais.

Qhov no xaus qhov kev piav qhia ntawm cov creation ntawm lub hauv paus rau Michelangelo. Nyob rau hauv no ambitious ua hauj lwm, nws pom tau hais nws lub tswv yim. Lawv thiaj li ntau yam uas tau tseem ceeb rau tag nrho ntawm noob neej. Yog li ntawd nws hloov lub Medici Chapel. Medici Florence tau txais ib tug monument uas los ua ib tug monument rau lub nroog.