Mammoth tsob ntoo: piav qhia, yees duab, nthuav lus tseeb

Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb xav tham txog seb hom txuj ci tseem ceeb yog qhov kab mammoth no li cas? Cov neeg ua ntej pom nws, nws zoo nkaus li nws yog tej yam yees siv, raws li yog hais tias los ntawm ib co fairy taleas. Tab sis qhov tseeb no qhov loj loj cog yog tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li ib tug giant sequoiadendron.

Los ntawm keeb kwm ...

Mammoth tsob ntoo muaj ib tug gigantic loj, thaj nws ceg zoo li tiag tiag mammoth tusks. Cov nroj tsuag me me ncav cuag qhov siab ntawm kaum ntsuas, thiab ib co nrws loj hlob mus txog 110 meters. Apparently, cov sequoia muaj ib tug ntev theej ntev keeb kwm, vim hais tias cov hav zoov ntawm xws li cov ntoo muaj txawm nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub dinosaurs. Hauv cov sijhawm ntawd lawv tau kis thoob lub ntiajteb. Tam sim no nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso rau lawv tsuas yog nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm California thiab nyob rau hauv toj siab ntawm Sierra Nevada.

Nws yog qhov nyuaj heev los txiav txim siab nruab nrab hnub nyoog ntawm cov nroj tsuag loj, hais tias lawv tsis muaj tsawg tshaj 3-4 txhiab txhiab xyoo, tab sis lub hnub nyoog ntawm qee qhov kuaj kuj nce mus txog 13 txhiab xyoo.

Tom qab qhov kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm cov ntoo txiv ntoo los ntawm cov neeg European, nws tau hloov lub npe ntau zaus. British botanist Lindley lub npe hu ua Wellington (tom qab lub Duke of Wellington), thiab Asmeskas Asmeslivkas tau pom tias cov nroj tsuag yuav raug hu ua Washington (rau ntawm tus Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Washington). Tab sis cov npe no twb tau raug xa mus rau lwm cov nroj tsuag, yog li ntawd thaum xyoo 1939 tsob ntoo tau raug hu ua ib qho kev sib sau ua ke.

Sequoiaadendron giant: piav qhia

Sequoiaadendron belongs rau lub genus ntawm evergreen coniferous nroj tsuag ntawm lub tsev Cypress. Thawj cov lus hais txog qhov kev cog ntawm cov neeg European cov hnub rov tuaj rau 1833. Tam sim no, tsob ntoo mammoth yog lub siab tshaj plaws nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb. Nws tseem hu ua "mahogany". Cov nroj tsuag muaj xuav xiav-ntsuab thiab xim liab-xim av, lub thickness ntawm uas yog ntau tshaj 60 centimeters, uas ua rau cov ntoo resistant rau Frost. Qhov siab ntawm cov zauv ntawm cov zis yog ntau tshaj li ib puas metres, thiab txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub cev ntawm lub hauv paus yog 10 meters. Kwv yees li ntawm ib qho loj heev - tsawg kawg yog ob txhiab tons. Xws li cov tsob ntoo evergreen hlob tuaj mus txog 750 m ntim tshaj ntawm cov dej hiav txwv. Raws dej hiav txwv Pacific rau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm California.

Kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam yaus yog suav tias yog cov ntoo loj tshaj plaws, thiab cov kab mob loj tshaj plaws. Ntawm lawv muaj txog 50 ntoo nrog ib qhov siab ntawm ntau tshaj 105 meters. Lub hiob tsob ntoo niaj hnub no muaj ib tug muaj hnub nyoog ntawm txog 3,500 xyoo. Nws yog nthuav hais tias nyob rau hauv lub trunks cov giants muaj lawv tus kheej ecosystems. Ntawm no, lichens thiab lwm yam me me nroj tsuag, tsiaj txhu thiab cov khoom muaj sia nyob zoo.

Thaum muaj hnub nyoog yau, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog loj hlob sai (10-20 centimeters ib xyoos twg). Lawv muaj ib lub khob khoob khaus, ntom yas, tom qab ntawd nws yuav ua tau ntau dua thiab siab dua. Nrog lub hnub nyoog, cov ceg tsuas nyob rau saum lub pob tw. Cov tub ntxhais hluas tua tau muaj hue green-xim av.

Nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg laus cov nroj tsuag, liab-xim av liab yog tuab heev thiab mos, nws yog cais los ntawm lub pob tw los ntawm fibers. Cov kab mob yuav tsum nyob rau ntawm plaub zaug mus txog plaub xyoos. Tus nroj tsuag blooms nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis Ntuj-Tsib Hlis.

Nta ntawm mammoth ntoo

Mammoth tsob ntoo muaj nuj nqis heev, uas yog feem ntau muaj nuj nqis ntawm cov pob zeb nrog ib tug liab ntxhais thiab dawb sapwood (los yog daj ntseg daj). Lub bark ntawm lub sequoia yog incredibly tuab, liab nrog sib sib zog nqus furrows nyob rau saum npoo, nws ntuav tau tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag ntawm lwm yam.

Lub vaj ntoo ntawm cov neeg loj hlob tsis tuaj yeem ua rotted, uas yog vim li cas cov ntoo pib ua rau exterminated nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws txij li thaum lub sij hawm ntawm kub diggers thiab thawj explorers. Txog rau tam sim no, tsis tshaj li ntawm 500 tus qauv tau dim, uas yog nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv thiab raug suav tias yog kev tiv thaiv.

Sequoiaadendron yog suav hais tias yog ib lub ntawm lub ntuj ntev. Nws tuaj yeem loj tshaj 2,000 xyoo. Cov ntoo hlob tuaj txog 400-500 xyoo.

Tus sequoia nyob qhov twg tuaj?

Yog hais tias peb tham txog qhov chaw mammoth ntoo hlob, ces nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv Cretaceous, xws li cov nroj tsuag evergreen tau dav thoob plaws hauv qaum teb hemisphere. Tab sis tam sim no me ntsis seem ntawm forests tau fwm tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam tsawg ntawm North America. Cov ntoo cog qoob loo ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Pacific. Qhov ntev ntawm qhov sawb no tsis yog ntau tshaj 720 kis lus mev. Thiab nws nyob ntawm ib qho chaw siab tshaj ntawm 600-900 meters saum toj no hiav txwv. Sequoia (yees duab qhia hauv tsab xov xwm) yog nyob rau hauv cov huab cua kev nyab xeeb, thiab yog li qhov siab tshaj plaws nws yuav siv sij hawm deb ntawm lub ntug dej hiav txwv yog 48 kilometers, tshuav nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm lub siab ntawm dej hiav txwv cua. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam mob, nws tsuas yog tsis muaj nyob.

Mammoth tsob ntoo: nthuav lus tseeb

Nyob ib sij poob tsob ntoo Sequoia tsis tuag, thiab tseem loj hlob los ntawm kev siv ntawm lawv tua. Yog hais tias tsis muaj ib tug los yog tsis muaj dab tsi tiv thaiv lawv, ces tom qab ib lub sij hawm lawv yuav tig mus rau hauv cov ntoo ywj siab. Feem ntau ntawm cov pawg ntawm cov nroj tsuag tau tsim nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug yooj yim txoj kev. Txhua lub tsev neeg ntawm cov ntoo no yog tsim los ntawm cov neeg tsis tau tuag ntawm kev txwv zeej txwv koob. Raws li ib txoj cai, cov tub ntxhais hluas cov nroj tsuag loj hlob nyob ib ncig ntawm lub qub stump, sib sau ib lub voj voog. Yog hais tias koj soj ntsuam cov khoom siv ntawm lub mini-grove, koj tuaj yeem txiav txim tau tias nws yog tib yam rau lub stump, thiab rau tag nrho cov ntoo.

Mammoth giant muaj ib tug peculiarity - mus poob rau hauv kub lub sij hawm tsis tsuas Pine koob, tab sis kuj tseem ceg. Nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev nthuav, nws reacts rau lub tshav kub.

Cov ntoo loj tshaj plaws uas tau dim ntawm hnub no muaj lawv lub npe. Yog li, muaj "General Sherman", "Leej Txiv ntawm Forests", "General Grant" thiab lwm tus. Mammoth ntoo "Leej Txiv ntawm Forests" tsis muaj tshwm sim, tab sis nws cov lus piav qhia tau raug muab khaws cia, los ntawm qhov uas nws paub tias cov nroj tsuag mus txog 135 meters nyob rau hauv qhov siab, thiab lub diameter ntawm lub pob tw ntawm lub hauv paus yog 12 meters.

Tab sis cov yeeb yaj duab (duab raug muab sau rau hauv tsab xov xwm) "General Sherman" muaj qhov siab txog 83 meters. Nws yog kwv yees tias cov nroj tsuag muaj 1500 cubic meters ntawm nplua ntoo, thiab lub pob tw ntawm lub hauv paus muaj ib lub cheeb ntawm 11 meters. Yog xav thauj ib tsob ntoo, nws yuav siv lub tsheb ciav hlau ntawm 25 lub tsheb.

Kuv tuaj yeem pom qhov redwoods nyob qhov twg?

Mus saib seb nws zoo li mammoth tsob ntoo uas tsis tau ya mus rau lwm lub teb chaws, tsuas yog mus saib lub Nikita Botanical vaj nyob rau hauv lub Crimea (nyob rau yav qab teb ntug dej hiav txwv). Lub ob biggest tsob ntoo loj hlob los ntawm 9 thiab 7 Curtin Upper Park Arboretum. Ib tug ntawm lawv nce mus txog 42.5 meters nyob rau hauv qhov siab, thiab lub cev qhov ncig ntawm thaj tsam yog 610 centimeters. Ob qho tag nrho cov nroj tsuag tau cog rau hauv 1886, thiab noob ntawm yav tom ntej seedlings raug tau nyob rau hauv 1881. Nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau xav, tab sis hnub no muaj hnub nyoog ntawm cov ntoo yog 136 xyoo.

Cav ntoo

Raws li peb twb tau hais, lub sequoia tau zoo ntoo thiab tib lub sij hawm hlob sai txaus. Yog li ntawd, tam sim no nws yog zus nyob hauv hav zoov. Kev sib tw, ruaj ruaj, tsis yog rotting ntoo yog dav siv ua ib lub tsev thiab khoom ntoo. Los ntawm nws, rooj tog, telegraph ncej, sleepers, vuas, ntawv yog ua. Lub tsis tuaj yeem ua rau nws ua rau nws siv tau rau hauv cov zaub mov thiab luam yeeb. Los ntawm nws, thawv thiab thawv rau luam yeeb thiab cigars, tej kas tham rau koj niam.

Tsis tas li ntawd, lub sequoia kuj yog siv ua ib tsob nroj ornamental, cog rau hauv vaj, chaw ua si thiab reserves. Nws tau muaj hauv paus hauv ntau lub teb chaws hauv ntiaj teb, suav nrog nyob rau sab qab teb-sab hnub poob ntawm Tebchaws Europe, qhov chaw cog rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19.

Tsis yog tom qab xaus lus

Mammoth tsob ntoo - ib qho amazing thiab majestic nroj tsuag uas tau nqis los rau peb ntawm qhov tob ntawm ib-paus xyoo. Ib yam li cov neeg loj li no, ib tug txiv neej zoo nkaus li ib qho me me uas tsis tshua muaj siab, tab sis tib lub sij hawm nws yog tib neeg lub zog uas muaj kev puas tsuaj rau ntawm cov nroj tsuag zoo kawg no. Hmoov tsis, tam sim no nws tseem tsis tau kom rov qab qub ntau ntawm mammoth ntoo plantations, txoj hauj lwm ntawm tam sim no tiam yog khaws cia ntxiv cov historic nroj tsuag thiab tiv thaiv lawv tuag.