Attributive clause thiab lwm yam tshwm sim ntawm Lavxias teb sab syntax

Cov syntax ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus ua rau yus muaj ntau yam ntawm nws cov tub kawm, cov kev ntshai thiab awe thiab xav tsis thoob. Muaj yog tsis muaj dab tsi nyuab: attributive clause, union lo lus tswv yim qauv - coj txawv txawv lub npe xwb thaum xub thawj siab ib muag. Yog li ntawd, cia peb hais.

Txawm tias, nyob rau hauv tus, qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov lo lus nyob rau hauv kab lus nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus free, feem ntau kab lus no los ua rau lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm SVO los yog qhov chaw (actor, kev kawm), ces qhov qhia txog kev (predicate), ces tus kwv (direct kwv). Piv txwv li - "Kuv mus rau ib tug taug kev nyob rau hauv txoj kev" - ib tug normative rau lub Lavxias teb sab lus los tsim kom tau ib kab lus.

Lwm kev txiav txim ntawm lus no feem ntau siv rau muab ib co nqi - ironic, piv txwv li.

Complex ua ke yog ntawm ob hom: slozhnosochinonnye thiab slozhnopodchinonnye.

Tus thawj muab faib raws li yuav ua li cas lub koom haum muaj kev cob cog - lub kev twb kev txuas (lawv muaj xws li, tab sis nyob rau hauv "thiab" lub ntsiab lus, tsis muaj ... tsis muaj, dhau lawm, ib yam li ... yog li ntawd, ib yam nkaus thiab, thiab), sib cais (los yog, los yog ib yam dab tsi ... ib yam dab tsi, seb ... seb, tsis yog hais tias ... tsis tau) thiab adversative (tab sis, tab sis, tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm "tab sis", tab sis yog).

Tej yam yooj yim ua ke tsim slozhnosochinennogo sib cais los ntawm commas (piv txwv li: "Ib tug complex kab lus nrog subordinate attributive tseem tsis ntshai kuv, thiab ntau ua rau kuv dread lub zeem muag los mus piav qhia rau cov me nyuam li cas nws yog").

Ua ntej adversative thiab disjunctive comma ib txwm.

Slozhnopodchinitelnye muab faib mus rau hauv attributive clause, adverbial thiab izjasnitelnyh. Lawv sib txawv nyob rau hauv dab tsi koom nyiaj ces yuav pub ntxiv tshaj. Complex ua ke nrog attributive subordination muaj ib tug yooj yim kab lus thiab adjoint rau nws nrog kev pab los ntawm cov tsev koom nyiaj los yog lub union ntawm cov lo lus attributive clause.

Subordinate izjasnitelnyh muab nws cov ntsiab lus qhia txog kev ua (verbs ntawm kev hais lus, xaav, kev xav) thiab teb cov lus nug, "dab tsi", "dab tsi", "nyob qhov twg?" Thiab koom nrog kev pab los ntawm dab tsi nyiam.

Attributive clause teb rau lo lus nug "li cas?" Thiab koom nrog: Yuav ua li cas, leej twg, uas nws, leej twg, dab tsi, qhov twg.

Paranasal adverbial ntau thiab lawv sib txawv li zoo raws li qhov kev tshwm sim: muaj subordinate adverbial ntawm yam, qhov chaw, lub sij hawm, tej yam kev mob, ua rau, cov hom phiaj, kev sib piv, concessions.

Slozhnopodchinonnoe tswv yim attributive clause, uas yog hais txog rau qhov chaw ntawm cov kab lus, defining thiab tshe nws cov tsos mob tau feem ntau yuav pom nyob rau hauv qhov kev piav qhia ntawm lub toj roob hauv pes.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb yuav tau nco ntsoov hais tias ib tug tsis nco qab-sib cais tsuas kiag ywj siab proposals - nrog ib tug kawm thiab predicate, tsis yog ib tug homogeneous neeg cob cog rua ntawm Union (nyob rau hauv conjunctionless kab lus tsis nco qab sib cais thiab homogeneous cov nqe lus). Zam rau txoj cai no yog proposals uas muaj ib co heev lub caij (circumstance ntawm lub sij hawm thiab qhov chaw, hais txog ob proposals, piv txwv li) - nyob rau hauv xws li mob, cov tsis nco qab yog tsis yuav tsum tau. Piv txwv li: "Nyob rau hauv lub qub, thiab tsw ntxhiab si daws qhov teebmeem ntawd ntoo qav nyob thiab nkag nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb writhing nab." "Nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov" rau tus thawj thiab tus thib ob kab lus ntawm teeb meem yuav muab cov tsis nco qab yog tsis yuav tsum tau.

Yog li ntawd tam sim no luv luv hais txog dab tsi nws yog ib nqi nco ntsoov clauses:

- slozhnosochinonnye clauses yog txwv kom muab zais los ntawm hom ntawm cov tsev koom nyiaj, lawv txuas: txuas, faib thiab adversative;

- slozhnopodchinonnye clauses yog peb hom: attributive clause, adverbial thiab izjasnitelnyh; ua ntej lub union los yog union lo lus, qhia tus subordinate (uas yog dab tsi, qhov twg, tab sis yog, vim li cas, thiab lwm yam), ib tug tsis nco qab;

-complete yooj yim ua ke nyob rau hauv txoj cais los ntawm commas (tsuas yog - muaj ib qho lub caij).