Macrolides. Classification (semi-hluavtaws, ntuj thiab azalides)

Macrocyclic lactone nplhaib - yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov tshuaj qauv ntawm cov pab pawg neeg ntawm tshuaj tua kab mob macrolides. Cov kev faib yuav sib cais ntawm 14, 15 thiab 16-membered. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob xav tau tsawg kawg yog tshuaj lom.

Macrolides. Classification los ntawm hom ntawm cov keeb kwm

Ntuj macrolides:

Macrolide "Erythromycin" - qhov no yog thawj bacteriostatic tshuaj tua kab mob, uas cim pib ntawm ib tug loj pawg. Nws twb tau txais nyob rau hauv 1952 los ntawm Streptomyces erythreus - av actinomycetes. Vim hais tias macrolide "Erythromycin" muaj cov khoom teejtug uas yog reversibly ruaj rau ribosomal 50s-subunit, nws tau ua txhaum lub tsim ntawm peptide bonds ntawm amino acid molecules ntawm lub qhov thiab ua thaiv cov hlab protein synthesis ntawm ntau yam kab mob. Yog li tshuaj tua kab mob "Erythromycin" tsis feem xyuam rau txoj synthesis (compound) nucleic acids. Thaum siab koob tshuaj, nyob rau hauv kev sib hwm ntawm cov hom ntawm cov kab mob tej zaum yuav muaj ib tug bactericidal nyhuv.

Macrolide "Spiramycin" - yog ib tug tshuaj tua kab mob uas yog muab los ntawm Streptomyces ambofaciens actinomycetes, nws - tus thawj ntawm ib pab pawg neeg ntawm 16-membered macrolides. Lactone nplhaib - yog tus yam ntxwv hauv paus ntawm kev npaj "Spiramycin". Nws muaj 16 carbon atoms (C) los ua uas yog txuas peb carbohydrate residue: mycarose, mycaminose thiab forosamine. Npaj muaj nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg spiramycin active tshuaj faib nyob rau hauv Canada, Latin America thiab cov teb chaws Europe.

Macrolide "Josamycin" - ib tug tshuaj tua kab mob, ib tug neeg sawv cev pab pawg neeg ntawm 16-membered macrolides. Ua los ntawm Streptomyces narbonensis. Nws muaj ib cov nyhuv ntawm bactericidal cim. Nws cheeb protein synthesis ntawm cov tebchaw, tiv thaiv txhav tas RNA (thauj) thiab txuas nrog lub 50s-ribosomal subunit membrane, li no thaiv cov hlab cov kev pauv ntawm peptides los ntawm qhov chaw A. tso cai nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob nyob rau hauv cev xeeb tub.

Semi-hluavtaws macrolides:

Macrolide "Roxithromycin" - qhov no yog thawj semi-hluavtaws 14-membered atibiotik. Nws twb muab tau los ntawm cov macrolide "Erythromycin". Nta ntawm cov qauv muab nws ib tug ntau dua kuj mus acids, microbiological thiab paub pharmacokinetic tsis.

Macrolide "clarithromycin" - ib tug 14-membered tshuaj tua kab mob, macrolide derivative "Erythromycin". Nws tau zoo kuj mus acids thiab paub pharmacokinetic thiab antibacterial thaj chaw.

Ntuj-tshuaj tua kab mob macrolides no mas active tiv thaiv Gram-zoo, ib txhia Gram-tsis zoo thiab intracellular microorganisms. Ib tug niaj hnub macrolides xws li semi-hluavtaws, ntau yam tiv thaiv Pseudomonas, Enterobacteriaceae, co microflora thiab kab mob khaub thuas Bacillus.

Thiab thaum kawg, cov azalides - qhov tseeb tiam macrolides:

Tshuaj tua kab mob "Azithromycin" yog hais txog ib tug subclass azalides uas yog me ntsis txawv nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov pa macrolides. Nplhaib nyob rau hauv lub macrolide "Azithromycin" tsis muaj lactone, tab sis lub 15-membered. Kislotoustoychivot nws tsub kom mus txog rau 300 lub sij hawm piv nrog rau tshuaj tua kab mob, "Erythromycin".

Macrolides. Ib suam ntawm tiam:

1 - tshuaj "oleandomycin" "Erythromycin";
2nd - macrolides "Roxithromycin", "Spiramycin", "Josamycin", "midecamycin", "clarithromycin";
3 - macrolide "Azithromycin".

Indications macrolide pab pawg neeg ntawm tshuaj tua kab mob. Ib suam ntawm kab mob

Cov uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua pa system: mob sinusitis, streptococcal tonzillofaringit, lub zej lub zos-kis tau mob ntsws, exacerbation ntawm bronchitis, hawb hnoos, mob qa hawj foob.

Ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab nqaij mos: syphilis, chlamydia, lymphogranuloma venereum, chancroid, pob txuv.

Ncauj kab noj hniav: periodontitis thiab periostitis.

Digestive system: Campylobacter Gastroenteritis, ib plab rwj.

Tsis tas li ntawd macrolides siv rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov nram qab no cov kab mob: pertussis, meningitis, rheumatic fever, endocarditis.