Lydia Ginzburg: ib tug luv luv biography thiab nthuav tseeb

Ginzburg Lidiya Yakovlevna - ib tug loj thiab no: kev sau ntawv critic thiab memoirist. Nws puas tau lub hauv paus ntawm ntau biographical khoom hais txog cov neeg sau ntawv thiab paj huam los ntawm lub XX caug xyoo. Nws cov phau ntawv ua rau peb xav thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam, thiab lawv philosophical thiab puas siab puas ntsws suab cuam tshuam rau lub plawv thiab lub hlwb.

thaum yau

Rov qab nyob rau hauv 1902, tus tub ntawm renowned bacteriologist yug Lidiya Yakovlevna Ginzburg, ib tug luv luv biography uas nws muaj nws lub hauv paus pib nyob rau hauv lub bustling seaside lub zos.

Odessa, nrog nws loj heev marine dalyu thiab muted bustle yog lub tsev ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej memoirist. Ntawm no nyob nws niam thiab txiv, tus kwv tij, tus txiv ntxawm, nyob rau hauv uas nws tsev neeg nws twb tsa mus rau lub hnub nyoog ntawm yim tom qab nws txiv tuag.

cov tub ntxhais hluas

Thaum kaum yim, nws kawm tiav los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv thiab yog cov kev xaiv nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws: ib co tseem ceeb heev txoj kev xaiv? Yuav ua li cas mob siab lawv cov hluas thiab yav tom ntej lub neej?

Tij Laug, dag theatrical kos duab thiab tsim nws tus kheej lub yeeb yam ntawm Miniatures, caw nws mus ua si rau nws theem. Ntau tshaj ib xyoo Lydia Ginzburg sim nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ib tug actress, tshwm nrog Arkadiem Pogodinym thiab Rina Ntsuab.

Tab sis ua si-kuj muaj kev txawj yog unnaturally kuas thiab phlegmatic xwm hluas Lydia, txawm hais tias nws muaj qhov tsim nyog makings los ua ib tug zoo siab actress.

Thaum pib ntawm scientific kev ua si

Nyob rau xyoo 1922, tom qab ntau npaum li cas tsis ntseeg thiab hesitation nyob rau hauv Petrograd tsiv Lydia Ginzburg, biography thiab tej hauj lwm uas tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib tug tshiab kev coj.

Ib tug ntxhais hluas mus rau lub koom haum ntawm History of Art ntawm cov lus hais kws qhia ntawv. Plaub lub xyoos tom qab, tom qab ua nws kev tshawb fawb, cov kev tswj yoojyim nws nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv no thiab txo nws hwj nyob rau hauv cov kev tshawb fawb cov neeg ua haujlwm.

Txij li thaum 1926, ib tug hluas kawm tiav me nyuam kawm ntawv pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nws thawj thawj scientific ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab language arts. Nws thaum ntxov tej hauj lwm yog "Lavxias teb sab formalism" - Society rau txoj kev tshawb ntawm cov poetic lus ntawm cov kev tshawb xav, raws li zoo raws li nyob ze rau qhov kev sau ntawv thiab artistic avant-garde - experimentation nrog lub ntsiab tshiab, lub siab tshaj plaws simplification ntawm lub xwm kwv. Txawm npaj mus luam tawm cov kev ua hauj lwm Lidii Ginzburg nyob rau hauv lub collections ntawm "Radix" thiab "da dej Archimedes".

Ib tug aspiring paub txog tau kawm ntau yam ntawm tsab ntawv, memoirs, hmoov, autobiographies, li no tsim nws tus kheej lub hom phiaj ntawm "intermediate ntaub ntawv", nws tseem ceeb thiab tej yam nyob rau hauv nrov kab lis kev cai.

lub tsuj

Lub sij hawm ntawm lub caij 1920 los - thaum ntxov 1930s yog yus muaj los ntawm yam mob loj heev tawm tsam nyob rau hauv cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm lub "formal tsev kawm ntawv" los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm, thiab tom qab lub brutal phem ntawm adherents ntawm no ziag no.

Yog li ntawd, los ntawm txoj cai los saum toj no lub koom haum, qhov chaw uas nws ua hauj lwm Lydia Ginzburg, kaw, thiab nws yog ib tug ntxhais hluas yuam kom ua ib tug tsis tu ncua lecturer nyob rau kws qhia ntawv ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv 1933, Lydia Yakovlevna txawm dim ib tug ob-lub lim tiam nyob txim, uas, li cas los xij, twb tsis muaj teeb meem loj txim.

Tsim kom muaj tswv yim zoo txhim

Nyob rau hauv 1935, Ginzburg Lidiya Yakovlevna twb mus nyob hauv lub Writers 'Union, thiab tsib xyoos tom qab defended nws doctoral thesis ntawm lub University of Leningrad nrog nws tus kheej tshawb fawb ua hauj lwm "Creative txoj kev Lermontov".

Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog, ib tug poj niam tau ntsib nyob rau hauv Leningrad, raug kev txom nyem ib tug txaus ntshai siege nyob rau hauv keeb kwm, faus nws niam, leej twg tuag ntawm starvation.

Tag nrho cov horrors thiab npau suav phem blockade Lydia Ginzburg reflected nyob rau hauv nws tom ntej memoirs, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv, raws li nyob rau hauv lub memoirs ua timkhawv pom.

Txawm tias tau tus kheej tej kev ntshai thiab tej kev kawm thaum lub sij hawm txoj hauj lwm ntawm Lydia Yakovlevna sim tau txais txiaj ntsim hauv lub teb chaws, nws ua hauj lwm raws li editor ntawm lub xov tooj cua Committee. Nws inspiring cov kev pab cuam thiab hloov instilled siab tawv thiab cog qoob loo nyob rau hauv lub tshaib plab, kev txom nyem cov neeg uas tau imbued nrog tus ntsuj plig ntawm yeej muaj tseeb patriotism thiab txoj kev hlub rau nws lub teb chaws. Rau untold ua siab loj thiab ua siab loj Ginzburg Lidiya Yakovlevna twb muab tsub lub puav pheej "rau kws muaj txuj ci ntawm Leningrad". Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1943.

Creativity nyob rau hauv lub postwar lub sij hawm

Tab sis ib xyoos tom qab qhov kawg ntawm cov ntshav tsov ua rog, siab tawv poj niam tuaj nyob rau hauv lub ideological purge li "unreliable". Vim hais tias ntawm no, yuav tsis tau txais ib txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub University of Leningrad, nws twb yuam kom coj mus rau ntawm tus ncej ntawm associate xib fwb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau ntawm lub Petrozavodsk. Yog hais tias tsis yog rau Stalin tuag, Lydia Ginsburg yuav poob nyob rau hauv lub phem heev hauv tsab xov xwm "yeeb ncuab ntawm cov neeg" xwb thiab tsis yog poob hauj lwm los yog txoj kev ywj pheej, tab sis kuj lub neej.

Nyob rau hauv 1957, Lydia Y. tso ib tug monograph rau Herzen. Txij thaum ntawd los, nws tau tshaj tawm hais tias nws tus kheej tsis tau tsuas yog raws li ib tug hnyav zaum, tab sis kuj raws li ib tug philologist tsaug xav ntawm lub Soviet Union, uas yog tus luj ntawm kev sau ntawv thiab sab ntsuj plig enlightenment.

Tom qab ntawd Ginsburg teeb meem yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev sau ntawv tej hauj lwm raws li "Lub hlwb prose", "Hais txog qhov kev lyrics," "Literature nyob rau hauv cov kev tshawb fawb rau kev muaj tiag," "Nyob rau hauv cov qub thiab cov tshiab."

"Sau ntawv ntawm ib tug besieged txiv neej"

Qhov ntawd phem heev lub sij hawm uas yog tej los ntawm ntau nyob rau hauv lub nyob nroog, tso tawm nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm, Lydia Ginzburg - "Sau ntawv ntawm ib tug besieged txiv neej." Lub tswv yim los sau ntawv rau hauv phau ntawv tuaj mus rau nws tsis tau ib zaug, tab sis tsuas yog tom qab, thaum nws pib xav txog dab tsi nws txhais tau hais rau cov neeg lub cim xeeb cov ntev hnub ntawm lub siege ntawm Leningrad.

Cov khoom no yog tsis yog raws li nyob rau hauv ib co puas txawj sau ntawv. Ua ntej koj yuav muab phau ntawv rau publishers, Lydia Ginsburg siv ib tug ntau lub sij hawm sib tham nrog cov neeg ciaj tus blockade, nws yog heev xav txog lub sijhawm nyob rau hauv uas nws yog tsim nyog los hais qhov no los yog hais qhov tseeb hais tias nws yog tsim nyog los piav qhia txog los yog piav rau cov uninitiated nyeem ntawv.

Txawm hais tias zaj dab neeg yog los ntawm tus txiv neej lub ntsej muag nrog rau cov thawj lub npe ntawm Ain, ib zaug nws yuav qhia tseeb tias nws - conditioned collective duab, thiab hais tias lub ntsiab ua cim los ntawm phau ntawv no yog ib tug poj niam nrog ib tug capital tsab ntawv.

Ib tug poj niam uas yuav dais kev tshaib kev nqhis thiab txias, uas pom nws tuag hlub, thiab sim pab lawv, sawv nyob rau hauv ntev queues rau cov mov, thiab los ntawm uas lub neej ntawm tag nrho cov tsev neeg no.

Txawm tias tus poj niam no yog muaj mob thiab tshaib plab, tab sis nws yog yuav luag tsis nco qab trudges tsev, nws - ib tug tiag tiag khiav nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus rau lub neej ntawm tag nrho cov neeg txheeb ze thiab rau tag nrho cov teb.

Thiab cov neeg uas yuav tsis tau dais cov raug kev txom nyem thiab kev txom nyem thiab tuag - lawv kuj winners, raws li lawv xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv tshuav yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm yuav ua li cas ib qho tseem ceeb nws yog los sib ntaus sib tua thiab muab tsis tau li.

Hais txog lub sij hawm ntawm lub blockade muaj ib tug ntau ntau yam ntawm cov phau ntawv thiab ua hauj lwm sau los ntawm tag nrho ob qho ua timkhawv pom thiab historians, thiab kev nom kev tswv kws tshawb fawb. Tsim hnog, ob qho tib si portrayed nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm ncus thiab kev xav ntawm cov neeg tsis muaj hmoo Lydia Ginzburg. "Sau ntawv ntawm ib tug besieged txiv neej" tag nrho ntawm bitterness thiab kev txom nyem, kev tshaib kev nqhis thiab txias, tab sis tsis ntshai. Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov heev siab tawv poj niam dim tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv tus kheej kev, kuv yeej tsis xav ntshai. Nws yeej ib txwm paub hais tias koj yuav tsum tuav thiab txav mus rau pem hauv ntej, tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi nws yuav siv sij hawm.

Talented, tiag tiag li thiab tseeb "Sau ntawv besieged txiv neej" tau txhais thiab luam tawm nyob rau hauv ntau yam lus.

"Notebooks"

Ib qho tseem ceeb ua hauj lwm sau los ntawm Ginsburg, yog nws "Notebooks". Nws yog memoirs thiab puas ntawm cov txheej xwm thiab acquaintances nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm ob leeg cov txawj sau ntawv thiab cov neeg nyob ib ncig ntawm nws.

Lydia Yakovlevna yog intimately paub ntau nto moo legendary personalities xws li Mayakovsky, Akhmatova, Mandelstam. Nws muaj ib tug ntse lub siab thiab zoo powers ntawm soj, cus ciav kaj ib tug neeg style thiab sib sib zog nqus style ntawm hauj lwm. Yog li ntawd, lub "Notebooks" yog heev nthuav thiab entertaining tsis tsuas yog rau cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis kuj rau tib yam cov pej xeem.

Los ntawm cov nplooj ntawv ntawm puas Ginzburg yuav nrhiav tau tawm yog dab tsi tiag tiag yog cov nto moo paj huam, composers thiab sau ntawv nyob rau hauv uas lawv nyob rau hauv lub mus ob peb vas, hais tias lawv tsiv nyob rau hauv tej yam mob ...

Noticing qhov tsawg tshaj plaws cov ntsiab lus, thiab mus nrhiav tag nrho cov xaiv ntawm subtleties, Lydia Y. forces txawj nyeem ntawv mus saib cov celebrities nyob rau sab uas yog ntau xyoo muab zais los ntawm cov pej xeem.

Cov phau ntawv kuj muaj nws cov sib sib zog nqus tsom xam thiab xav mus xav rau lub ntiaj teb no nyob ib ncig ntawm lawv, tshaj ntaub ntawv thiab kos duab uas ua rau peb xav seb lub cuab, saib maloprimetnoe, mus rau rethink lawv views thiab kev ntseeg.

tswv yim txawj ntse

Pab los ntawm Ginzburg nyob rau hauv Soviet ntaub ntawv, tsis yog tas rau tsuas yog ib qho ntawm nws cov puas thiab memoirs.

Educated thiab paub tab paub xav, paub me me kom paub meej thiab muaj peev xwm sai sai to taub txog tus essence ntawm qhov teeb meem, witty thiab kev - tias yog dab tsi yog ib tug zoo kawg nkaus sau ntawv Lidiya Yakovlevna Ginzburg, quotes thiab aphorisms uas tseem yog yam thiab qhia.

Ntawm no yog ib co ntawm lawv:

• "Phem phem, yuav tsum tau zoo siab hais tias ib qho yooj yim. Zoo siab yog tib yam li txhua yam uas yog zoo nkauj, yog ib qhov nyuaj rau."
• "Zoo meej laus - ib tug natural thiab reconciliation eradication rog."
• "Tus txiv neej, yuav undermine ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim, nws yog ua tau los mus hais tau; txiv neej yuav ntxeev los ntawm tus kheej kev ntshaw, yuav mitigated tsuas tawm ntawm kev ntshai ntawm xyuas invincible nrees.".

tuag txawj sau ntawv

Kws ntawv Laus muaj hnub nyoog yog ib tug zoo siab thiab respected. Cov laus Lydia Ginzburg, cov duab thiab cov kev sib tham uas tau tshwm nyob rau hauv ntau periodicals, cov phau ntawv uas ua teeb meem loj tus xov tooj thiab nyeem avidly, tuag nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm yim caum yim xyoo laus, surrounded los ntawm ib tug hluas, mas tsenivshimi nws sau ntawv.

Talented memoirist nyob ib tug ntev thiab tsis yooj yim, tab sis heev muaj txiaj ntsim thiab tej lub neej.