Biography Bulgakova Mihaila Afanasevicha. Cov kev sau ntawv cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm tus kws

Bulgakov Mihail Afanasevich xav tau kev pab tsis muaj kev taw qhia. Qhov no zoo kawg txawj sau ntawv thiab playwright paub rau tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no. Biography Bulgakova Mihaila Afanasevicha nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

Keeb kwm txawj sau ntawv

Bulgakov M. A. yug Tej zaum 3, 1891 nyob rau hauv Kiev. Nws niam nws txiv twb intellectuals. Nws niam ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Karachai progymnasium xib fwb. Kuv txiv yog ib tug xib fwb qhia ntawv (nws portrait yog muab saum toj no). Tom qab kawm tiav rau xyoo los ntawm lub Kiev Theological Academy, nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nws, raws li tau zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lwm yam kev kawm hauv tsev. Nyob rau hauv 1893 Athanasius Bulgakov los ua tus Kiev cheeb tsam censor. Nws cov dej num muaj censorship ntawm tej hauj lwm sau nyob rau hauv txawv teb chaws hom lus. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg, tab sis Michael muaj tsib cov me nyuam.

lub sij hawm ntawm kev cob qhia, kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub teb cov tsev kho mob

Nws yuav tsum raug xam tias yog nyob rau hauv zoo meej ntawm tus sau li Bulgakov Mihail Afanasevich, biography. Rooj ntawm cov hnub txuam nrog nws lub neej, tsis tsuas pab tau cov uas tso tawm mus nrhiav lub hauv paus pib ntawm nws ua hauj lwm thiab to taub txog cov peculiarities ntawm nws puab ntiaj teb no. Yog li ntawd peb xav kom koj mus nyeem ib tug ncauj lus kom ntxaws biography.

Lub neej yav tom ntej sau ntawv kawm nyob rau Alexander Thawj Gymnasium. theem ntawm kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv no yog heev. Nyob rau hauv 1909, Mr Mikhail nkag mus hauv lub Kiev University, tom qab uas yuav tsum los ua ib tug kws kho mob. Nyob rau hauv xyoo 1914 lub ntiaj teb ua ntej ua tsov ua rog.

Tom qab kawm tiav rau xyoo los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv 1916, Bulgakov ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv teb cov tsev kho mob (nyob rau hauv Kamenetz-Podolsk, thiab tom qab ib pliag - Cherepovets). Nws twb rov los ntawm pem hauv ntej nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj 1916 Bulgakov los ua lub taub hau ntawm Nikolskaya nyob deb nroog tsev kho mob nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm Smolensk. Ib xyoo tom qab, nyob rau hauv 1917, Bulgakov twb pauv mus rau Vyazma. Raws li tsim nyob rau hauv 1926, "Sau ntawv ntawm ib tug hluas kws kho mob" reflected no lub sij hawm ntawm nws lub neej. Lub protagonist ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm yog ib tug txawj ntse kws kho mob, ua tib zoo ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv ib tug keeg puab tsis cia siab rau lub sijhawm nws cawm cov neeg mob. Lub hero yog heev chim los ntawm ib tug yooj yim nyiaj txiag qhov teeb meem ntawm ruam peasants nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Smolensk. Txawm li cas los, nws realizes hais tias nws yuav tsis hloov dab tsi.

Kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv lub hmoo ntawm Bulgakov

Li ib txwm lub neej Bulgakov tsoo lub ob hlis ntuj kiv puag ncig. Bulgakov tau qhia nws tus cwj pwm mus rau nws nyob rau hauv nws 1923 sau ntawv "Kyiv-City". Nws sau hais tias "mam li nco dheev thiab ominously" lub kiv puag ncig "tuaj zaj dab neeg."

Qhov kawg ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj kiv puag ncig Bulgakov twb tso tawm los ntawm cov tub rog kev pab cuam. Nws rov qab mus rau nws haiv neeg Kiev, uas, Tu siab, yog tsis ntev nyob los ntawm cov Germans. Ntawm no Mr Mikhail plunged rau hauv qhov maelstrom ntawm lub Civil War. Bulgakov yog ib tug zoo heev tus kws kho mob, yog vim li cas nws pab tau yuav tsum tau los ntawm ob sab. Kws kho cov mob nyob rau hauv tej teeb meem no tseem ncaj ncees rau lub hom phiaj ntawm tib neeg. Maj mam loj hlob chim heev nyob rau hauv nws tus plig. Nws yuav tsis tuaj mus rau cov ntsiab lus nrog cov kev ntxub ntxaug ntawm tus dawb thiab Petliura. Tom qab, cov sentiments tau reflected nyob rau hauv Bulgakov tus tshiab "Tus Dawb khwb" raws li nyob rau hauv nws cov dab neeg, "Hmo ntuj nyob rau peb tus xov tooj," "Raid" thiab cov ua "Davhlau" thiab "Hnub ntawm turbines."

Bulgakov honestly nqa tawm tus kws kho mob hauj lwm. Thaum lub sij hawm cov kev pab cuam, nws yuav tsum tau yuav ib tug unwitting tim khawv mus rau lub teeb meem txhaum cai uas tau cog lus nyob rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm 1919 nyob rau hauv Vladikavkaz. Bulgakov tsis xav tau ntau muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv kev tsov rog. Nws sab laug lub zoo ibyam ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Denikin nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1920

Tus thawj cov khoom thiab cov dab neeg

Ces kuv txiav txim siab los tsis xyaum tshuaj Mihail Afanasevich Bulgakov. Luv luv biography nws tseem lag luam raws li ib tug journalist. Nws pib sau cov khoom uas tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawv xov xwm. Nws thawj thawj zaj dabneeg Bulgakov tiav nyob rau hauv lub Autumn ntawm 1919. ntawd lub caij ntuj no nws tsim ob peb satirical khoom, ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov dab neeg. Nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm lawv, hu ua "Tribute rau admiration," Bulgakov qhia zaj dab neeg txog txoj kev clashes uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Kiev thaum lub sij hawm lub kiv puag ncig thiab lub Civil War.

Plays tsim nyob rau hauv Vladikavkaz

Tsis ntev ua ntej cov dawb tshuav Vladikavkaz, relapsing ua npaws mob Mihail Afanasevich Bulgakov. Luv luv biography ntawm nws lub sij hawm no yog tshwj xeeb yog txaus ntshai. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1920, nws zoo tu qab tso. Txawm li cas los, cov tub rog liab troops tau nkag mus rau hauv lub nroog, thiab Bulgakov yuav tsis mus txawv teb chaws, uas yog heev li. Nws yog tsim nyog cas los tsim kom tau kev sib raug zoo nrog tus tshiab regime. Tom qab ntawd nws pib muab kev koom tes nrog rau cov revolutionary pawg neeg, nyob rau hauv lub Sub-Division of Arts. Bulgakov tsim daim rau lub Ingush thiab Ossetian troupes. Cov hauj lwm muaj kev cuam tshuam nws views on lub kiv puag ncig. Qhov no ntxhov siab yog short-lived, sau feem ntau kom ciaj sia nyob rau hauv nyuaj tej yam kev mob. Nyob rau hauv Bulgakov tus tshiab "Sau nyob rau hauv ris" li nws impressions ntawm Vladikavkaz.

Tsiv mus Moscow, tshiab tej hauj lwm

Nyob rau hauv Tiflis, thiab ces nyob rau hauv Batumi yuav mus txawv teb chaws Mikhail Bulgakov. Nws biography, txawm li cas los, coj ib tug txawv txoj kev. Bulgakov paub hais tias qhov chaw ntawm cov txawj sau ntawv nyob rau hauv ib tug yooj yim lub sij hawm rau lub teb chaws - ze rau cov neeg. Biography Bulgakova Mihaila Afanasevicha nyob rau hauv 1921 cim txav mus rau Moscow. Nws tsab xov xwm nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1922 tsis tu ncua luam tawm nyob rau cov nplooj ntawv ntawm cov phau ntawv Magazine thiab ntawv xov xwm ntawm lub nroog. Cov tsab ntawv thiab satirical phau ntawv reflected lub ntsiab tej yam tshwm sim ntawm lub neej post-revolutionary xyoo. Lub ntsiab yam khoom ntawm satire Bulgakov yog "lub scum ntawm lub NEP" (nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, tus tshiab nplua nuj-nepmen). Ntawm no nws yog tsim nyog los nco ntsoov xws tshiab Bulgakov raws li ib tug "Khob ntawm lub neej" thiab "Trillioner". Tsis tas li ntawd nws yog xav cov neeg pej xeem nrog ib tug tsawg theem ntawm kab lis kev cai. Bazaar traders, lub inhabitants ntawm communal nroog ntawm Moscow, bureaucrats thiab lwm yam hauj lwm, txawm li cas los, Mr Mikhail thiab pom ib tug tshiab tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Yog li, nyob rau hauv ib tug sau ntawv, nws portrayed lub cim ntawm tshiab tiam sis nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm ib tug schoolboy me nyuam tub uas mus nrog ib hom tshuaj tshiab Knapsack rau hauv txoj kev.

Cov zaj dab neeg "Lub tuag qe" thiab nta ntawm creativity 1920

Cov zaj dab neeg "Lub tuag qe" Bulgakov twb luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1924. Nws yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib tug xav txog tej yam nyob ze yav tom ntej - nyob rau hauv 1928. Los ntawm lub sij hawm no cov kev tshwm sim ntawm lub NEP twb tshwm tag. Nyob rau hauv kev, tus txheej txheem ntawm nyob muaj ntau zog dramatically (nyob rau hauv lub tshiab, uas yog tsim los ntawm Mikhail Bulgakov). Biography ntawm tus kws tsis xav tias ncauj lus kom ntxaws acquaintance nrog nws ua hauj lwm, tab sis cov zajlus ua hauj lwm ntawm "Lub tuag qe" peb tseem rov qhia dua nyob rau hauv ib tug nutshell. Xibfwb duaj ua ib qho tseem ceeb foundations uas yuav tsum tau ntawm kuj zoo kawg kev pab rau tag nrho cov noob neej. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv lub ob txhais tes ntawm khav, semi-literate neeg, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tus tshiab bureaucracy thrived nyob rau hauv ua tsov ua rog Communism, thiab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm tus NEP kom ntxiv dag zog nws txoj hauj lwm, nws yog ib lub foundations ntawm ib tug xwm txheej no. Yuav luag tag nrho cov cim dab neeg ntawm Bulgakov, tsim nyob rau hauv 1920, tsis. Nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm, tus kws ntawv thov pab qhia rau tus nyeem ntawv lub tswv yim hais tias tib tsis yog npaj txhij los txais yuav txoj kev tshiab ntawm kev sib raug zoo uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv kev hwm rau cov kev txawj ntse thiab kab lis kev cai, mus rau lub zog ua hauj lwm.

"Khiav" thiab "Hnub ntawm turbines"

Nyob rau hauv Bulgakov tus plays "Davhlau" thiab "Hnub ntawm turbines" (1925-28 gg.) Bulgakov pom tias intellectuals siab phem rau tag nrho cov tub ceev xwm, leej twg ua tau zoo txhua lwm yam thaum lub sij hawm lub Civil War. Cov heroes ntawm cov hauj lwm yog raug cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub thiaj li hu ua "tshiab intellectuals". Ua ntej, lawv yog tog twg los ceev faj txog lub kiv puag ncig los yog tiv thaiv tawm tsam nws. MA Bulgakov nws tus kheej hais txog qhov txheej tshiab. Qhov no nws hais tias kev lom zem nyob rau hauv ib tug feature tsab xov xwm hu ua "Capital nyob rau hauv ib phau ntawv." Nyob rau hauv nws, nws sau hais tias ib tug tshiab intelligentsia, "hlau". Nws muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm, thiab tsuav ntoo, rooj tog zaum thiab shipping, thiab mus koom nyob rau hauv ib tug X-ray. Bulgakov sau tseg hais tias nws ntseeg hais tias nws yuav ciaj sia, yuav tsis ploj.

Tawm tsam rau Bulgakov, Stalin Up

Kuv yuav tsum hais tias Bulgakov Mihail Afanasevich (biography thiab nws ua hauj lwm kom paub meej tias qhov no) yeej ib txwm teb sensitively rau cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv Soviet zej zog. Nws twb heev chim los ntawm cov kev kovyeej ntawm kev tsis ncaj ncees, nws ua xyem xyav lub ua neeg ncajncees ntawm tej yam kev ntsuas. Tab sis Bulgakov yeej ib txwm ntseeg nyob rau hauv tug txiv neej. Nrog nws txhawj xeeb thiab tsis tau nws cim. Thuam yog dab tsi unfavorably. Tawm tsam rau Bulgakov intensified nyob rau hauv 1929. Tag nrho cov ntawm nws plays tau cais los ntawm cov repertoire ntawm lub ua yeeb yam. Ib zaug nyob rau ib tug yooj yim teeb meem no, Mr Mikhail twb yuam kom sau ib tsab ntawv mus rau tsoom fwv uas muaj ib tug kev thov mus txawv teb chaws. Tom qab ntawd, cov biography Bulgakova Mihaila Afanasevicha twb cim los ntawm ib tug tseem ceeb tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv 1930, Bulgakov twb muab tsub lub hu rau ntawm Stalin nws tus kheej. Cov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev sib tham yog lub sij hawm ntawm Mikhail Marynich rau tus ncej ntawm tus thawj coj-pab nyob rau Moscow Art Theatre. Dua nyob ntawm lub ua yeeb yam productions ntawm nws plays. Tom qab ib co sij hawm, nws tsim lub staging staging ntawm "tuag Souls" twb cim los ntawm ib tug txawj sau ntawv raws li Bulgakov Mihail Afanasevich, biography. Nws lub neej yog seemingly kev txhim kho. Txawm li cas los, tag nrho cov yog tsis yog li ntawd ib qho yooj yim ...

Bulgakov - ib tug txwv tsis pub sau

Txawm tias lwm patronage ntawm Stalin nyob rau hauv lub Soviet xovxwm tom qab 1927 muaj tsis yog ib tug tib ua hauj lwm ntawm Mikhail Bulgakov, nrog rau cov kev zam ntawm ib tug tso cai los ntawm cov kev ua si "Khiav" ( "Seventh npau suav") nyob rau hauv 1932 thiab tus neeg txhais lus ntawm Moliere lub "stingy" nyob rau hauv 1938 Case uas Bulgakov twb muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov txwv sau phau ntawv.

Yuav ua li cas lwm tus neeg yog zoo kawg li biography Bulgakova Mihaila Afanasevicha? Qhia me me txog nws tsis yog ib qho yooj yim, vim hais tias nws lub neej twb cim los ntawm ntau yam tseem ceeb cov txheej xwm thiab nthuav tseeb. Nws yog tau hais tias, txawm tag nrho cov teeb meem, tus kws ntawv tsis xav kom cia lawv cov teb chaws. Txawm nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau nyuaj lub sij hawm (1929-30.), Nws yuav luag tsis mus koom lub kev xav ntawm txawv teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm nws cov tsiaj ntawv Bulgakov txais hais tias tsis pom qhov twg lwm tus, tsuas yog lub Soviet Union, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua, vim hais tias txawm nta hlo kev tshoov siab los ntawm nws tau kaum ib xyoos.

Cov dab neeg "Lub Master thiab Margarita"

Bulgakov nyob rau hauv 1933, sim mus luam tawm nws ua hauj lwm "Cov neej ntawm Mr de Moliere" nyob rau hauv "Nyob ntawm Zoo tshaj plaws neeg" series. Txawm li cas los, nws rov ua tsis tau tejyam. Tom qab ntawd, nws yuav tsis sim mus rau luam tawm lawv tsim yaam tshab kom txog rau thaum nws tuag. Kws ntawv nkaus devoted nws tus kheej mus rau lub creation ntawm tus tshiab "Tus Xib Hwb thiab Margarita". Qhov no ua hauj lwm yog nws loj tshaj kev kawm, raws li tau zoo raws li ib tug ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab thiab lub ntiaj teb no cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Kaum ob xyoos ntawm nws lub neej Bulgakov muab lub chaw ua hauj lwm rau nws. Lub tswv yim ntawm "Tus tswv thiab Margarita" los ntawm nws nyob rau hauv lub lig 1920 raws li ib qho kev sim philosophical thiab artistic txhais ntawm socialist kev muaj tiag. Sau xam tau tias yog hai thawj versions ntawm cov khoom. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo, Mr Mikhail khaws cia rov qab mus rau lub cim, ua rau tshiab tsis sib haum thiab scenes. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1932 yuav cov zajlus tiav ntawm no ua hauj lwm, tus neeg sau ntawm uas yog lub npe hu mus rau tag nrho (Mihail Afanasevich Bulgakov).

Tag nrho cov biography ntawm Bulgakov yuav saib xyuas ntawm tus nqi ntawm nws ua hauj lwm. Yog li ntawd peb qhia txog hais tias.

Tus nqi creation Bulgakov

Uas qhia tias tus Dawb zog yog doomed tsis ua hauj lwm, hais tias cov intelligentsia yuav yeej mus rau lub Reds (tus tshiab "Tus Dawb khwb", cov kev ua si "Davhlau" thiab "Hnub ntawm turbines"), hais tias cov pej xeem yog nyob rau hauv kev txaus ntshai, yog tias kev lis kev cai thiab lub neej dawb ruamqauj neeg yuav tsum muaj txoj cai los mus yaum rau lwm tus neeg nws lub siab nyiam ( "lub plawv ntawm ib tug aub"), Mr Mikhail ua ib tug foundations uas twb muaj nyob rau hauv lub system ntawm lub teb chaws tseem ceeb ntawm peb lub teb chaws.

Yuav ua li cas lwm tus neeg yog nthuav Bulgakov Mihail Afanasevich? Biography, interesting tseeb uas txuam nrog nws, thiab nws ua hauj lwm - nyob rau tag nrho cov Dais lub stamp ntawm qhov mob rau tus neeg. Qhov no zoo nkaus li yog ib txwm peculiar Bulgakov raws li lub successor ntawm kab lig kev cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab thiab lub ntiaj teb no cov ntaub ntawv. Mr Mikhail coj tsuas yog tus cov ntaub ntawv uas qhia tau hais tias kev txom nyem tiag tiag heroes. Tib neeg yog tus ideological tub ntxhais ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm Bulgakov. Ib tug tswv ntawm no tib neeg yog nyob ze thiab nyob zoo cov txawj nyeem ntawv ib txwm.

Lub xeem xyoo ntawm nws lub neej

Nyob rau hauv nws cov nag xyoo Bulgakov twb tsis xav tau tias nws muaj tswv yim lub neej puas tsuaj tas lawm. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias nws txuas ntxiv mus rau kev koom ua, Bulgakov hauj lwm yuav luag txog kawm txawj nyeem ntawv. Nws puas cia Bulgakov. Nws muaj mob worsened, ua rau tuag thaum ntxov. Bulgakov tuag nyob rau hauv Moscow rau Lub peb hlis ntuj 10, 1940 yog tam sim no ua kom tiav biography Bulgakova Mihaila Afanasevicha, tab sis nws ua hauj lwm yog immortal. cov txawj sau ntawv seem yog faus nyob Novodevichy Cemetery.

Biography Bulgakova Mihaila Afanasevicha, ib txoj kev ntawm qhov tsab xov xwm no, peb cia siab, ua rau koj xav mus los paub thiab swm nrog nws ua hauj lwm. Cov hauj lwm ntawm no cov sau yog heev nthuav thiab tseem ceeb, ces nws yog twv yuav raug hu muaj nqis ib nyeem. Mikhail Bulgakov, biography thiab creativity uas yog kawm nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv - ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj Lavxias teb sab sau ntawv.