Travelling, Mus ncig teb chaws Lub tswv yim
Lub tswvyim ntawm cov London Underground: keeb kwm thiab tam sim no raws li txoj cai
Scheme London Underground muaj noj 270, 11 kab, tag nrho cov qhov ntev ntawm uas yog sib npaug zos rau 402 kis lus mev. Txhua txhua hnub, qhov no hom kev thauj siv los ntawm ntau tshaj peb lab cov neeg nyob thiab cov qhua ntawm lub British capital. Logo London Underground yog ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab cim nyob rau hauv nrov kab lis kev cai thoob ntiaj teb yog ua thiab muag khoom ntawm cov khaub ncaws thiab accessories nrog rau lub tuam txhab logo thiab lub tswvyim subway.
Keeb kwm ntawm creation thiab tam sim no lub xeev ntawm
lub qhib hnub ntawm lub subway nyob rau hauv London poob rau Lub ib hlis ntuj 10, 1863. Tus thawj kab twb hu ua "Tsam reyluey" nws ua txhua yam rau hauv lub ob coob tsheb ciav hlau qhov chaw nres tsheb. Nyob rau hauv 1890, thawj London Underground u pib lag luam ntawm electrically. Kom txog rau thaum 1933, thiab kev tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab yog muab los ntawm lwm qhov chaw. Creation ntawm lub Department of Neeg nrog caij thauj tau koom lawv mus rau hauv ib zaug xwb lub xeev system.
Thaum lub sij hawm ob ntiaj teb rog nws tau ua ib tug indispensable underground qhov chaw nkaum ntawm lub bombing ntawm lub tiaj pej xeem ntawm lub nroog. Kaum ib hlis 18th, 1987 lub inhabitants ntawm London twb nco ntsoov hais tias cia li mas ntawm hluav taws. Nyob rau hnub ntawd, lub ntsiab thov lub neej ntawm peb caug cov neeg. Nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj 2005, ob peb noj tau ua ib lub hom phiaj ntawm neeg ua phem sib cem. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, plaub hauj lwm ua ke blasts nyob rau hauv peb u tua 56 tus neeg thiab lub plaub bombers yus tua yus.
Rau hnub tim, lub tswvyim ntawm lub London Underground yog nyob rau hauv plaub qhov chaw ntawm cov coos nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, tom qab Seoul, Beijing thiab Shanghai. Uas nyob ntawm lub capital hu ua daim ntawv no ntawm thauj Lub Tube (Engl. "Ntxuav Kav Dej") vim rau cov duab ntawm lub ntau.
Kab thiab London Underground chaw nres tsheb
Raws li twb tau hais, lub underground British capital muaj 11 kab, plaub uas yog ntiav, rau lwm yam - sib sib zog nqus. Xav txog txhua nyias:
- "District" (denoted nyob rau hauv daim duab ib tug ntsuab xim thiab muaj 60 noj);
- "Met" (purple chaw nres tsheb 34);
- "Circumferential" (daj, 36 noj);
- "North" (dub, 50 noj);
- "Waterloo & City" (cyan, chaw nres tsheb 2);
- "Central" (liab, 49 noj);
- "Beykerloo" (Brown, 25 noj);
- "Piccadilly" (maub xiav, 53 noj);
- "Victoria" (xiav, 16 noj);
- "Ib" (silver, 27 noj);
- "Hammersmith & City" (paj yeeb, 29 noj).
Nyob rau hauv 2007, lub Eastern kab raug kaw rau reconstruction. Plaub lub xyoos tom qab nws qhib, nws tau los ua ib feem ntawm kom thauj. Scheme London Underground kuj muaj feem xws li "London Overground" thiab "Docklands teeb Railway".
nthuav lus tseeb
- Lub ntev txoj kev yog ib tug ncaj qha mus txawv tebchaws los ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb "West Raislip" mus rau "Epping" - 54,9 kilometers thiab kav ib teev thiab 28 feeb.
- Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm "Stratford" yog lub shortest escalator (4 meters), thiab tus coos yog muaj chaw nres tsheb "Angel" (60 meters).
- Tus heev deepest qhov chaw nres tsheb yog hu ua "Hampstead", nws cov lus dag ntawm ib tug tob ntawm 59 meters los ntawm txoj kev theem.
- Yam tsawg kawg ib tug tob (5.2 meters) nyob chaw nres tsheb "Redbridge".
- "Waterloo" yog lub busiest chaw nres tsheb ntawm lub London Underground. Thaum lub sij hawm hauv lub xyoo, cov neeg nrog caij tsheb no yog 82 lab tus tib neeg.
- "District" kab muaj tus loj tshaj tus naj npawb ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb (60), thiab qhov tsawg tshaj plaws - "Waterloo & City" (2).
tsim
Chiv lub London Underground Scheme twb ua ke nrog ib daim ntawv qhia ntawm lub nroog hais tias, raws li tus loj hlob ntawm no hom kev thauj, nyuab nrig txog kev pom kev xaav ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1933 los ntawm Garri Bek tsim cov ntaub ntawv phau ntawv no, uas muab tso rau lub kab nyob rau hauv lub schematic tom qab, es thaj, thiab txhua tus neeg tau xaiv xim.
Cim grotesque font, uas yog sau cov lo lus Underground rau ib tug tom qab kob xiav, yog tsim los ntawm Edward Johnston nyob rau hauv 1916. Logo nrog lub inscription saum toj no nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo ntawm nws lub neej tau paub los ntawm xws li npe raws li "lub hom phiaj" thiab "heev nyuj lub qhov muag". Nws yog ib tug liab vajvoog, uas kis tau los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub xiav stripe. Cov designer ntawm no kos npe rau yog tseem tsis paub hais tias. Tom qab tag nrho cov hom kev thauj tuaj nyob rau hauv cov kev tswj ntawm Thauj rau London, qhov no emblem pib yuav tsum tau thov kom muaj ib lub tsheb tavxij chaw nres tsheb, lub tsheb npav, tram, DLR thiab lwm tus neeg.
Niaj hnub no mus txawv tebchaws nyob rau hauv lub London Underground, koj yuav tau yooj yim los sib piv nrog mus rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Niaj hnub nimno Kos duab. Advertising chaw yog tam sim no yog muaj kev koom sau nrog paj huam thiab daim duab paintings, yog li tsim ib tug zoo siab xyiv fab mus ob peb vas ntawm cov coob uas xam nrog. Qhov no kuj unspeakably zoo siab tourists thiab qhua mus rau lub nroog, txawm lub fact tias tus nqi ntawm ib tug neeg laus nqi, nyob ntawm seb lub zoning ntawm ib tug nruab nrab ntawm 3 phaus. Cov me nyuam daim pib raug nqi ib nrab ntawm cov nqi.
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