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Lub Ottoman faj tim teb chaws

Ottoman (Ottoman) teb chaws Ottoman, uas nws keeb kwm pib nrog lub 14th xyoo pua (txij li thaum lub poob ntawm Byzantium), twb tsim nyob rau hauv Anatolia Turks pab pawg neeg. State lasted kom txog thaum 1922 feem ntau ntawm cov xyoo - txij thaum lub tsim ntawm lub Turkish koom pheej. Npe hu ua cov Ottoman Empire tom qab thawj zaug Sultan - tus tsim ntawm lub Osman dynasty.

Thaum pib ntawm lub reign ntawm lub sultan ncua nws qub txeeg qub teg, annexing chaw uas zoo heev los ntawm lub Marmara thiab Dub hiav txwv, ib tug loj ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws rau sab hnub poob ntawm lub Sakarya River.

Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Uthman tau ua tau zoo los ntawm nws Orhan. Bursa (yav tas los Byzantine nroog) - Thaum lub sij hawm nws reign, lub xeev capital tau pom zoo.

Tom qab Orhan los ua tus kav nws eldest tus tub Murad 1. Qhov no zoo kawg statesman twb tau mus ntxiv dag zog rau xub ntiag ntawm nws cov tub rog nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm cov teb chaws Europe. Murad 1 nyob rau hauv 1389 yeej lub Serbian None ntawm Kosovo Polje. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm no sib ntaus sib tua lub Ottoman Empire lawm mas feem ntau ntawm cov yav qab teb thaj tsam ntawm lub Danube.

Lub system ntawm tsoom fwv nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws twb raws li ib tug ua ke ntawm Byzantine, Seljuk thiab as kev cai thiab kev lis kev cai. Nyob rau thaj av uas tau kov yeej los ntawm cov Ottomans, lawv tau sim kom muaj raws li deb li sai tau lub zos sawv, tsis yog muab tshem lub keeb kwm kev sib raug zoo.

Ntxiv nthuav ib ncig ntawm lub Ottoman Empire thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm nws tus tub Murad 1, Bayezid 1. Qhov loj tshaj yeej yog cov sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Nicopolis nyob rau hauv 1396 (nyob rau Danube). Txawm li cas los, txawm tus neeg sab nraud txoj kev vam meej, lub Ottoman Empire raug kev txom nyem heev loj teeb meem, ob sab nraud thiab sab hauv. Mas mannered tus cwj pwm ntawm tus pas ntsuas, nws loj loj harem, zoo ceremony nyob rau hauv lub palace hu ntau Ghazi voos. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, kev txhawj xeeb yog thiab hiking Bayazid tiv thaiv Muslims thiab lwm yam Gazi nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Asia muaj hnub nyoog. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, feem ntau ntawm cov zos Beys tsiv mus rau Tamerlane thiab tso siab tau pib tiv thaiv Ottoman kav tsov rog.

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv 1402 Bayezid tus tub rog twb tua yeej thiab yuav los ntawm tus kav nws tus kheej. Lub Ottoman Empire yog fragmented vim lub tom ntej campaigns ntawm Tamerlane. Txawm li cas los, rau cov sultans nws twb muab khaws cia tseg txoj cai tshaj tej cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws.

Thaum lub sij hawm lub xyoo pua 15th nyob rau hauv lub Ottoman lub xeev twb nqa tawm txoj cai ntawm lub sab hauv reorganization thiab lwm expansion thiab strengthening ntawm ciam teb rau lwm.

Lub "kub" rau lub faj tim teb chaws los ua lub xyoo pua 16th. Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm, kav Sulaiman 1, txuas tseem ceeb heev rau strengthening lub naval hwj chim ntawm lub xeev. Qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th yog lub heyday ntawm architecture thiab ntaub ntawv.

Nyob rau hauv lub Ottoman Empire ntawm lub sij hawm uas tau yeej los ntawm feudal kev sib raug zoo, thiab cov tub rog lub koom haum thiab kev system twb cob cai.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tom qab lub sij hawm no (tom qab txoj cai Suleyman 1) feem ntau sultans twb txaus tsis muaj zog rulers. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 17th caug xyoo, lub xeev tau reformed tsoom fwv. Nyuam qhuav pib nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws muaj heev phem kev lig kev cai - nkag mus rau lub zwm txwv ntawm Sultan tua tag nrho nws cov kwv tij. Txij li thaum 1603 lub rulers ntawm cov kwv tij thiab lawv cov tsev neeg crammed nyob rau hauv particular, ib tug tej thaj chaw deb ib feem ntawm lub palace, qhov uas nws siv tag nrho nws lub neej, mus rau lub xeev txoj kev ploj tuag. Thaum lub sultan tuag, nws qhov chaw tuaj ua tij ntawm cov neeg raug kaw. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub sultans twb tsis yuav luag tag nrho cov reigned nyob rau hauv lub 17-18 centuries, kev txawj ntse loj hlob thiab, ntawm chav kawm, twb tsis muaj nom tswv kev. Vim lub fact tias nws yog tsis tsim nyog ntawm tus pas ntsuas, ib tug loj loj lub teb chaws pib poob nws cov kev sib sau, thiab tsoom fwv nws tus kheej pib tsis muaj zog sai.

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub Ottoman Empire nyob rau hauv lub 18th pua, nws tau poob ntau npaum li cas ntawm lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv lub Mediterranean. Tiav ntawm lub Xya Xyoo 'ua tsov ua rog provoked ntau sib cem nyob rau hauv lub xeev. Yog li, lub teb chaws mas yuav kis tau, tab sis ib tug laus yeeb ncuab ntawm Austria, ib tug tshiab tus yeeb ncuab - Russia.

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